Barlas

Barlas
برلاس
Barlas برلاس
Rumah induk	Borjigin
Negara	Transoksiana
Pendiri	Qarachar Barlas
Gelar	Khan Sheikh Mirza Beg Syah Sardar Amir Ghazi Sultan
Tanah	Kesh; Samarqand
Cabang kadet	Timuriyah

Barlas (bahasa Mongol: Barulās;^[1] bahasa Chagatai/bahasa Persia: برلاس Barlās; juga Berlās) adalah sebuah konfederasi nomaden Mongol^[1] dan kemudian di-Turkisasi^[2]^[3] di Asia Tengah.^[4] Dengan akar militer di salah satu resimen tentara Mongol asli, Barlas melahirkan dua dinasti kekaisaran besar di Asia: Kekaisaran Timuriyah di Asia Tengah dan Persia; dan cabangnya kemudian, Kekaisaran Mughal di anak benua India.^[5]

Asal Usul

Menurut Sejarah Rahasia Bangsa Mongol, yang ditulis pada masa pemerintahan Ögedei Khan [memerintah 1229–1241], keluarga Barlas memiliki garis keturunan yang sama dengan keluarga Borjigin, klan kekaisaran Jenghis Khan dan para penerusnya, serta klan Mongol lainnya. Klan terkemuka Barlas menelusuri asal-usulnya ke Qarachar Barlas,^[2] kepala salah satu resimen Chagatai. Qarachar Barlas adalah keturunan panglima perang Mongol legendaris Bodonchir (Bodon Achir; Bodon'ar Mungqaq), yang juga dianggap sebagai leluhur langsung Jenghis Khan.^[6] Struktur internal klan terkemuka Barlas terdiri dari lima garis keturunan utama– yang menelusuri kembali ke putra-putra Qarachar– yang penting dalam hal warisan tetapi tidak membentuk entitas politik atau teritorial yang terpisah.^[7]

Suku Barlas menguasai wilayah Kish (sekarang Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan) dan semua garis keturunannya tampaknya terkait dengan wilayah ini.^[8] Berbeda dengan sebagian besar suku tetangga yang tetap nomaden, suku Barlas adalah suku yang menetap.^[9] Karena kontak yang luas dengan penduduk asli Asia Tengah, suku tersebut telah mengadopsi agama Islam,^[3] dan bahasa Chagatai, bahasa Turki cabang Qarluq, yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh bahasa Arab dan Persia.^[10]Meskipun suku Barlas tidak selalu eksogami, sebagian besar pernikahan yang tercatat terjadi di luar suku.^[11]

Timuriyah dan Mughal

Perwakilan paling terkenalnya adalah Timuriyah, sebuah dinasti yang didirikan oleh penakluk Timur pada abad ke-14, yang memerintah Iran modern, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, dan hampir seluruh wilayah Kaukasus, Afghanistan, sebagian besar Asia Tengah, serta bagian dari Pakistan kontemporer, Mesopotamia, dan Anatolia.^[12] Salah satu keturunannya, Babur, kemudian mendirikan Kekaisaran Mughal di Asia Tengah dan Asia Selatan.^[13]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Grupper, S. M. 'A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins'. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97
^ ^a ^b B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 28: "... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."
^ ^a ^b M.S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO Regional Office, 1998, ISBN 92-3-103467-7, p. 320: "... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."
^ G.R. Garthwaite, "The Persians", Malden, ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. (p.148)
^ Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151
^ The Secret History of the Mongols, transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, Chapter I Diarsipkan February 23, 2007, di Wayback Machine..
^ B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p.157
^ B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 156–7
^ Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151
^ G. Doerfer, "Chaghatay Diarsipkan November 18, 2007, di Wayback Machine.", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2007.
^ B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 157
^ René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8135-0627-1 (p.409)
^ Ẓahīr-al-Dīn Moḥammad Bābor dalam Encyclopædia Iranica

[ReferenceA-1] Grupper, S. M. 'A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins'. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97

[Manz-2] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 28: "... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."

[UNESCO-3] M.S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO Regional Office, 1998, ISBN 92-3-103467-7, p. 320: "... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."

[4] G.R. Garthwaite, "The Persians", Malden, ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. (p.148)

[5] Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151

[6] The Secret History of the Mongols, transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, Chapter I Diarsipkan February 23, 2007, di Wayback Machine..

[7] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p.157

[8] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 156–7

[9] Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151

[Iranica-10] G. Doerfer, "Chaghatay Diarsipkan November 18, 2007, di Wayback Machine.", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2007.

[11] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 157

[12] René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8135-0627-1 (p.409)

[Ẓahīr-al-Dīn_Moḥammad_Bābor-13] Ẓahīr-al-Dīn Moḥammad Bābor dalam Encyclopædia Iranica

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Barlas

Asal Usul

Timuriyah dan Mughal

Lihat pula

Referensi

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