Catarrhini

*Catarrhini*
Catarrhini ;
	; Monyet hamlyn
Taksonomi
Klad	Olfactores
Subfilum	Vertebrata
Infrafilum	Gnathostomata
Klad	Eugnathostomata
Megaclass	Osteichthyes
Superkelas	Sarcopterygii
Klad	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
Klad	Tetrapodomorpha
Ordo	Eotetrapodiformes
Infrakelas	Elpistostegalia
Klad	Stegocephalia
Superkelas	Tetrapoda
Klad	Reptiliomorpha
Klad	Amniota
Klad	Synapsida
Klad	Eupelycosauria
Klad	Metopophora
Klad	Haptodontiformes
Klad	Sphenacomorpha
Klad	Sphenacodontia
Klad	Pantherapsida
Klad	Sphenacodontoidea
Klad	Therapsida
Klad	Theriodontia
Klad	Eutheriodontia
Klad	Cynodontia
Klad	Epicynodontia
Klad	Eucynodontia
Klad	Probainognathia
Klad	Prozostrodontia
Klad	Mammaliamorpha
Klad	Mammaliaformes
Kelas	Mammalia
Klad	Theriamorpha
Subkelas	Theriiformes
Superlegion	Trechnotheria
Klad	Cladotheria
Klad	Prototribosphenida
Klad	Zatheria
Infralegion	Boreosphenida
Subkelas	Theria
Klad	Eutheria
Infrakelas	Placentalia
Magnorder	Boreoeutheria
Superordo	Euarchontoglires
Grandorder	Euarchonta
Mirorder	Primatomorpha
Ordo	Primates
Upaordo	Haplorhini
Infraordo	Simiiformes
Infraordo	Catarrhini ; Geoffroy, 1812
Tata nama
Sinonim takson	Monyet Catarrhine; Antropoid dunia lama; Simiadae, W.C.L. Martin, 1841; Monyet dunia lama (termasuk kera)
Superfamili
	†Propliopithecoidea; †Oligopithecidae; †Pliopithecoidea; †Dendropithecidae; †Saadanioidea; Cercopithecoidea; Hominoidea (kera); ; Sehubungan: Platyrrhini
	l; b; s;

Catarrhini atau monyet catarrhine atau antropoid dunia lama adalah pengelompokkan serupa untuk monyet dunia lama, yaitu Platyrrhini.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Platyrrhini muncul dengan "monyet" dengan bermigrasi ke Amerika Selatan dari Afro-Arabia (dunia lama), seperti dari samudera. Geoffroy pada tahun 1812 mengelompokkan kera (hominoidea) dan Cercopithecoidea bersama-sama dan diberi nama Catarrhini, "monyet dunia lama", atau "singes de l'Ancien continent".^[2]^[8]^[9]^[10] Darwin pada akhir abad ke 19 menggambarkan bahwa kera berkerabat dengan Cercopithecoidea.^[11]^[12] Ada beberapa penentangan untuk mengkategorikan kera (dan manusia) sebagai monyet walaupun memiliki bukti ilmiah, jadi "monyet dunia lama" akan merujuk kepada Cercopithecoidea atau Catarrhini.^[8]^[10]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17] Kera-kera itu adalah monyet telah dinyatakan oleh Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon pada abad ke 18.^[18]^[19] Kera terbagi menjadi kera kecil atau gibbon dan kera besar, terdiri dari orangutan, gorila, simpanse, dan manusia. Semua Catarrhini merupakan berasal dari Africa dan Asia. Anggota dari parvorder disebut catarrhines.

Referensi

^ Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 361.
^ ^a ^b Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, M.É. (1812). "Tableau des Quadrumanes, ou des animaux composant le premier Ordre de la Classe des Mammifères". Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. 19: 85–122.
^ Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 340.
^ Garbino, Guilherme Siniciato Terra; De Aquino, Carla Cristina (2018). "Evolutionary Significance of the Entepicondylar Foramen of the Humerus in New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 25: 141–151. doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9366-5.
^ Fulwood, Ethan L.; Boyer, Doug M.; Kay, Richard F. (2016). "Stem members of Platyrrhini are distinct from catarrhines in at least one derived cranial feature". Journal of Human Evolution. 100: 16–24. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001. PMID 27765146.
^ Dixson, Alan (2015). "Primate sexuality". The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality. hlm. 861–1042. doi:10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs375. ISBN 9781118896877.
^ Takai, Masanaru; Maung-Maung; Sein, Chit; Soe, Aung Naing; Thaung-Htike; Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein (2017-01-01). "Chapter 9 Review of the investigation of primate fossils in Myanmar". Geological Society, London, Memoirs (dalam bahasa Inggris). 48 (1): 185–206. doi:10.1144/M48.9. ISSN 0435-4052.
^ ^a ^b Osman Hill, W.C. (1953). Primates Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy I—Strepsirhini. Edinburgh Univ Pubs Science & Maths, No 3. Edinburgh University Press. hlm. 53. OCLC 500576914.
^ Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 340, 361.
^ ^a ^b Bugge, J. (1974). "Chapter 4". Cells Tissues Organs (dalam bahasa english). 87 (Suppl. 62): 32–43. doi:10.1159/000144209. ISSN 1422-6405.
^ Darwin, Charles (1871). On the Origin of Species (dalam bahasa Inggris). Broadview Press. hlm. 541. ISBN 9781551113371.
^ ^a ^b Archibald, J. David (2014-07-15). Aristotle's Ladder, Darwin's Tree: The Evolution of Visual Metaphors for Biological Order (dalam bahasa Inggris). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231164122.
^ "Thomas Geissmann's Gibbon Research Lab.: Die Gibbons (Hylobatidae): Eine Einführung". www.gibbons.de. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-15.
^ "The Old World Monkeys". www-personal.umich.edu. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-20.
^ "The menisci of the knee joint in human foetuses of manipur population--a morphological study. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-20.
^ "Reconstruction of Ancient Chromosomes Offers Insight Into Mammalian Evolution". UC Davis (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2017-06-21. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-20.
^ Lacoste, Vincent; Lavergne, Anne; Ruiz-García, Manuel; Pouliquen, Jean-François; Donato, Damien; James, Samantha (2018-09-15). "DNA Polymerase Sequences of New World Monkey Cytomegaloviruses: Another Molecular Marker with Which To Infer Platyrrhini Systematics". Journal of Virology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 92 (18): e00980–18. doi:10.1128/JVI.00980-18. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 6146696 . PMID 29976674.
^ "Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc (Comte De)", SpringerReference, Springer-Verlag, diakses tanggal 2019-03-21
^ Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 339.

[1] Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 361.

[Geoffroy_Saint-Hilaire_1812_85-122-2] Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, M.É. (1812). "Tableau des Quadrumanes, ou des animaux composant le premier Ordre de la Classe des Mammifères". Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. 19: 85–122.

[3] Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 340.

[4] Garbino, Guilherme Siniciato Terra; De Aquino, Carla Cristina (2018). "Evolutionary Significance of the Entepicondylar Foramen of the Humerus in New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 25: 141–151. doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9366-5.

[5] Fulwood, Ethan L.; Boyer, Doug M.; Kay, Richard F. (2016). "Stem members of Platyrrhini are distinct from catarrhines in at least one derived cranial feature". Journal of Human Evolution. 100: 16–24. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001. PMID 27765146.

[6] Dixson, Alan (2015). "Primate sexuality". The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality. hlm. 861–1042. doi:10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs375. ISBN 9781118896877.

[7] Takai, Masanaru; Maung-Maung; Sein, Chit; Soe, Aung Naing; Thaung-Htike; Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein (2017-01-01). "Chapter 9 Review of the investigation of primate fossils in Myanmar". Geological Society, London, Memoirs (dalam bahasa Inggris). 48 (1): 185–206. doi:10.1144/M48.9. ISSN 0435-4052.

[:0-8] Osman Hill, W.C. (1953). Primates Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy I—Strepsirhini. Edinburgh Univ Pubs Science & Maths, No 3. Edinburgh University Press. hlm. 53. OCLC 500576914.

[9] Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 340, 361.

[:1-10] Bugge, J. (1974). "Chapter 4". Cells Tissues Organs (dalam bahasa english). 87 (Suppl. 62): 32–43. doi:10.1159/000144209. ISSN 1422-6405.

[11] Darwin, Charles (1871). On the Origin of Species (dalam bahasa Inggris). Broadview Press. hlm. 541. ISBN 9781551113371.

[:2-12] Archibald, J. David (2014-07-15). Aristotle's Ladder, Darwin's Tree: The Evolution of Visual Metaphors for Biological Order (dalam bahasa Inggris). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231164122.

[13] "Thomas Geissmann's Gibbon Research Lab.: Die Gibbons (Hylobatidae): Eine Einführung". www.gibbons.de. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-15.

[14] "The Old World Monkeys". www-personal.umich.edu. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-20.

[15] "The menisci of the knee joint in human foetuses of manipur population--a morphological study. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-20.

[16] "Reconstruction of Ancient Chromosomes Offers Insight Into Mammalian Evolution". UC Davis (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2017-06-21. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-20.

[17] Lacoste, Vincent; Lavergne, Anne; Ruiz-García, Manuel; Pouliquen, Jean-François; Donato, Damien; James, Samantha (2018-09-15). "DNA Polymerase Sequences of New World Monkey Cytomegaloviruses: Another Molecular Marker with Which To Infer Platyrrhini Systematics". Journal of Virology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 92 (18): e00980–18. doi:10.1128/JVI.00980-18. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 6146696 . PMID 29976674.

[18] "Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc (Comte De)", SpringerReference, Springer-Verlag, diakses tanggal 2019-03-21

[19] Martin, W.C.Linneaus (1841). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL HISTORY MAMMIFEROUS ANIMALS, WITH A PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN, III THE MORE CLOSELY ALLIED GENERA OF THE ORDER QUADRUMANA, OR MONKEYS (PDF). London: Wright and Co. printers. hlm. 339.

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Catarrhini

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