Comics Code Authority
Comics Code Authority (CCA) dibentuk pada 1954 oleh Comics Magazine Association of America sebagai sebuah alternatif dari regulasi pemerintah. CCA memperkenankan penerbit komik untuk meregulasi sendiri konten buku komik di Amerika Serikat. Pengaturan tersebut bersifat sukarela, karena tak ada hukum yang mewajibkan pemakaiannya, meskipun beberapa pengiklan dan pengecer memandangnya untuk peninjauan ulang. Beberapa penerbit yang meliputi Dell, Western, dan Gilberton (Classics Illustrated), tak pernah memakainya.[1] Pengaturan tersebut, yang umum disebut "Comics Code", berlangsung sampai awal abad ke-21. Pemberlakuan CC disusul kepanikan moral[2] yang berpusat pada serangkaian pemeriksaan Senat dan penerbitan buku psikiatris Fredric Wertham yang berjudul Seduction of the Innocent.
Referensi
- ^ (Golden, Christopher; Stephen Bissette, Thomas E. Sniegoski (2000) The Monster Book Simon & Schuster)
- ^ Public concern over the effect of comic books on children had become so intense that it was discussed at length in the 1954 edition of the Childcraft series, which did not typically cover topical subjects.
Daftar pustaka
- Dean, M. (2001) Marvel drops Comics Code, changes book distributor. The Comics Journal #234, p. 19.
- Gilbert, James. A Cycle of Outrage: America’s Reaction to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
- Hajdu, David. The Ten-Cent Plague: The Great Comic-Book Scare and How it Changed America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008.
- Lent, John, ed. Pulp Demons: International Dimensions of the Postwar Anti-Comics Campaign. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Press, 1999.
- Nyberg, Amy Kiste. Seal of Approval: History of the Comics Code. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998.
- Original Comics Code
- 1971 Revision
- 1989 Revision
Pranala luar
- Leopold, Todd. "The Pictures that Horrified America", May 8, 2008
- Vassallo, Michael J. "A Look at the Atlas Pre-Code Crime and Horror Work of Stan Lee". The Buyer's Guide #1258 (December 26, 1997), via Live ForEverett..
- FBI, "Comics Magazine Association of America, 1960"
- "Seduction of the Innocents and the Attack on Comic Books"
- Comics Code Authority – on Lambiek Comiclopedia
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