Consolidated B-24 Liberator

B-24 Liberator
	Consolidated B-24D Liberator milik Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat terbang di atas Maxwell Field, Alabama.
Jenis	Pembom berat; Perang anti-kapal selam; Pesawat patroli maritim
Pembuat	Consolidated Aircraft
Penerbangan perdana	29 Desember 1939
Diperkenalkan	1941
Dipensiunkan	1968 (Indian Air Force)
Pengguna utama	United States Army Air Forces; United States Navy ; Royal Air Force ; Royal Australian Air Force
Dibuat	1940–1945
Jumlah	19,256[butuh rujukan]
Harga satuan	$297,627 ($507 juta in today's dollars)
Varian	Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer ; Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express ; Consolidated Liberator I
Dikembangkan menjadi	Consolidated R2Y

Consolidated B-24 Liberator adalah pesawat pembom berat Amerika Serikat yang dirancang oleh Consolidated Aircraft yang berbasis di San Diego, California. Pesawat ini dikenal oleh perusahaan itu dengan nama Model 32, dan beberapa model awal ditetapkan sebagai model eksport yang ditunjuk sebagai aneka macam LB-30s, di kategori rancangan Pembom Darat.

Pada awalnya, B-24 adalah rancangan modern yang memiliki sayap Davis yang terpasang di bahu yang sangat efisien dan beraspek rasio tinggi. Sayap ini memberikan Liberator kecepatan jelajah tinggi, jarak jauh dan kemampuan untuk membawa muatan bom berat. Liberator RAF awal adalah pesawat pertama yang dapat melintasi Samudera Atlantik secara rutin. Namun, tipe ini sulit diterbangkan dan memiliki unjuk kerja kecepatan rendah yang buruk. Pesawat ini juga memiliki langit-langit yang lebih rendah dan kurang kuat dibanding pesawat serupa yang jauh lebih dikenal, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. Sementara awak udara cenderung memilih B-17, Staf Jenderal menyukai B-24, dan mendapatinya untuk berbagai peran yang luas.^[4]

B-24 digunakan secara luas di Perang Dunia II. Pesawat ini melayani setiap cabang dari angkatan darat Amerika Serikat, sebagaimana sejumlah angkatan udara dan laut Sekutu, dan digunakan di setiap teater operasi. Bersama dengan B-17, B-24 adalah andalan Amerika Serikat dalam kampanye pengeboman strategis di teater Eropa Barat. Disebabkan oleh jaraknya, pesawat ini terbukti ampuh di operasi pengeboman di Pasifik, termasuk pengeboman Jepang. Liberator jarak jauh anti-kapal selam memainkan peran instrumental di penutupan Mid-Atlantic Gap di Pertempuran Atlantik. Turunan transportasi C-87 melayani sebagai pesawat serupa dengan Douglas C-47 Skytrain dengan jarak yang lebih jauh dan kapasitas yang lebih tinggi.

B-24 diproduksi dalam jumlah yang sangat besar, hampir 19.000 unit, dengan lebih dari 8.000 dirakit oleh Ford Motor Company. Pesawat ini memiliki keuinikan karena merupakan pesawat pembom paling banyak diproduksi sepanjang sejarah, pesawat mesin-jamak yang paling banyak diproduksi dalam sejarah, dan pesawat militer Amerika Serikat yang paling banyak diproduksi.

Di akhir Perang Dunia II, Liberator telah dilampaui oleh tipe yang lebih modern seperti Boeing B-29 Superfortress. Tipe ini dengan cepat dihapus dari layanan Amerika Serikat, meskipun turunannya PB4Y-2 Privateer melayani Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat di Perang Korea.

Spesifikasi (B-24J)

Data dari Quest for Performance^[5]

Ciri-ciri umum

Kru: 11 (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, bombardier, radio operator, nose turret, top turret, 2 waist gunners, ball turret, tail gunner)
Panjang: 67 ft 8 in
Rentang sayap: 110 ft 0 in
Tinggi: 18 ft 0 in
Luas sayap: 1,048 ft²
Airfoil: Davis 22% / Davis 9.3%
Berat kosong: 36,500 lb
Berat isi: 55,000 lb
Berat maksimum saat lepas landas: 65,000 lb
Mesin: 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-1830-35 or -41 turbosupercharged radial engines, 1,200 hp (900 kW) masing-masing
Zero-lift drag coefficient: 0.0406
Drag area: 4.254 sq ft (395,2 m²)
Aspect ratio: 11.55

Kinerja

Laju maksimum: 290 mph (250 kn, 488 km/h)
Laju jelajah: 215 mph (187 kn, 346 km/h)
Laju henti: 95 mph (83 kn, 153 km/h)
Jangkauan: 2,100 mi
Jangkauan feri: 3,700 mi (3,200 nmi (5,926 km))
Langit-langit batas: 28,000 ft
Laju tanjak: 1,025 ft/min
Beban sayap: 52.5 lb/ft²
Power/massa: 0.0873 hp/lb (144 W/kg)
Lift-to-drag ratio: 12.9

Persenjataan

Senjata api: 10 × .50 caliber (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine guns in 4 turrets and two waist positions
Bom: ** Short range (˜400 mi): 8,000 pon (3,629 kg)
- Long range (˜800 mi): 5,000 pon (2,268 kg)
- Very long range (˜1,200 mi): 2,700 pon (1,225 kg)

Lihat juga

Pengembangan yang berhubungan

Pesawat sebanding dalam peran, konfigurasi, dan era

Referensi

Catatan

Catatan kaki

^ Bhargava, Kapil, Group Captain (ret'd). "India's Reclaimed B-24 Bombers." Diarsipkan 2009-12-12 di Wayback Machine. bharat-rakshak.com. Retrieved: 16 June 2010.
^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Diakses tanggal 28 Mei 2023.
^ "Consolidated B-24 Liberator." pacificwrecks.com. Retrieved: 16 June 2010.
^ Birdsall 1968, p. 3.
^ Loftin, L.K. Jr. "Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft." NASA SP-468. Retrieved: 22 April 2006.

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