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Hidrogenasi

Hidrogenasi asam maleat
Hidrogenasi asam maleat

Hidrogenasi adalah istilah yang merujuk pada reaksi kimia yang menghasilkan adisi hidrogen (H2). Proses ini umumnya terdiri dari adisi sepasang atom hidrogen ke sebuah molekul. Penggunaan katalis diperlukan agar reaksi yang berjalan efisien dan dapat digunakan; hidrogenasi non-katalitik hanya berjalan dengan kondisi temperatur yang sangat tinggi. Hidrogen beradisi ke ikatan rankap dua dan tiga hidrokarbon.[1]

Oleh karena pentingnya hidrogen, banyak reaksi-reaksi terkait yang telah dikembangkan untuk kegunaannya. Kebanyakan hidrogenasi menggunakan gas hidrogen (H2), namun ada pula beberapa yang menggunakan sumber hidrogen alternatif; proses ini disebut hidrogenasi transfer. Reaksi balik atau pelepasan hidrogen dari sebuah molekul disebut dehidrogenasi. Reaksi di mana ikatan diputuskan ketika hidrogen diadisi dikenal sebagai hidrogenolisis. Hidrogenasi berbeda dengan protonasi atau adisi hidrida; pada hidrogenasi, produk yang dihasilkan mempunyai muatan yang sama dengan reaktan.

Contoh reaksi hidrogenasi adalah adisi hidrogen ke asam maleat, menghasilkan asam suksinat seperti gambar di samping.[2] Beberapa aplikasi penting hidrogenasi ditemukan dalam bidang petrokimia, farmasi, dan industri makanan. Hidrogenasi lemak takjenuh menghasilkan lemak jenuh, dan kadang pula lemak trans.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Hudlický, Miloš (1996). Reductions in Organic Chemistry. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. hlm. 429. ISBN 0-8412-3344-6. 
  2. ^ Catalytic Hydrogenation of Maleic Acid at Moderate Pressures A Laboratory Demonstration Kwesi Amoa 1948 Journal of Chemical Education • Vol. 84 No. 12 December 2007

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 7, p.226 (1990).http://orgsynth.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV7P0226.pdf. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 8, p.609 (1993). http://orgsynth.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV8P0609.pdf. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 5, p.552 (1973). http://orgsynth.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV5P0552.pdf Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3, p.720 (1955). http://orgsynth.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV4P0603.pdf Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 6, p.371 (1988). http://orgsynth.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV6P0371.pdf early work on transfer hydrogenation: Davies, R. R.; Hodgson, H. H. J. Chem. Soc. 1943, 281. Leggether, B. E.; Brown, R. K. Can. J. Chem. 1960, 38, 2363. Kuhn, L. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1510.

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