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Hukum Habsburg

Halaman depan undang-undang aslinya (1919)

Hukum Habsburg (Habsburgergesetz (nama lengkapnya Hukum Mengenai Pengusiran dan Pengambilalihan Aset Wangsa Habsburg-Lorraine) Gesetz vom 3. April 1919 betreffend die Landesverweisung und die Übernahme des Vermögens des Hauses Habsburg-Lothringen) adalah undang-undang yang dikeluarkan oleh Majelis Konstitusional (Konstituierende Nationalversammlung) Republik Jerman-Austria, salah satu negara penerus Austria-Hungaria yang telah dibubarkan. Undang-undang ini dikeluarkan pada tanggal 3 April 1919 dan secara resmi menurunkan Wangsa Habsburg-Lorraine dari tampuk kekuasaan Austria yang telah menjadi republik semenjak 12 November 1918. Anggota Wangsa Habsburg juga dibuang dan harta mereka disita. Hukum ini dicabut pada tahun 1935 dan harta benda keluarga Habsburg dikembalikan. Namun, setelah terjadinya peristiwa Anschluss pada tahun 1938, Nazi memberlakukan kembali Hukum Habsburg, yang kemudian tidak dicabut seusai Perang Dunia II.

Hukum ini dianggap melanggar hak asasi manusia, sehingga Austria terpaksa mencabut sebagian besar isinya (terutama pelarangan anggota keluarga Habsburg masuk Austria) sebelum diterima sebagai anggota Uni Eropa pada tahun 1990-an.[1] Laporan dari Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) mengkritik pelarangan anggota keluarga Habsburg maju sebagai presiden, dan pasal ini akhirnya dicabut oleh parlemen Austria pada Juni 2011. Walaupun masih berlaku, hukum ini dianggap sudah usang, kecuali untuk pasal penyitaan harta keluarga Habsburg yang sampai sekarang tidak dikembalikan.[2]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Zoch, Irene (22 February 2004). "Habsburgs demand return of estates seized by Nazis in 1938". telegraph.co.uk. 
  2. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-06. Diakses tanggal 2018-04-22. 

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