Jalur kereta api Maeklong

Peta rute
	Legenda

Jalur kereta api Maeklong
Jalur kereta api Maeklong
	Sebuah kereta melewati Talat Rom Hup
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Ikhtisar
Nama lain	Mae Klong
Jenis	Kereta api komuter
Status	Aktif
Lokasi	Thailand Tengah
Terminus	Wongwian Yai ; Mahachai; Ban Laem; Maeklong
Jalur penghubung	Jalur Mahachai; Jalur Ban Laem;
Stasiun	35
Layanan	2
Operasi
Dibuka	1901
Pemilik	Pemerintah Thailand
Operator	Kereta Api Negara Thailand
Depo	Mahachai
Rangkaian	SRT NKF class
Data teknis
Panjang lintas	669 km (416 mi)
Jenis rel	1
Lebar sepur	1.000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) lebar sepur 1 m
Elektrifikasi	600 V DC overhead line (1926–1955)
Kecepatan operasi	31 km/h (19 mph)
Peta rute
Peta rute
	Legenda

Jalur Kereta Api Maeklong (juga dikenal sebagai Jalur Kereta Api Mae Klong) adalah jalur kereta api berukuran 1.000 mm (3 kaki 3+3⁄8 in) meter yang membentang hampir 65 kilometer (40 mil) antara Wongwian Yai, Bangkok, dan Samut Songkhram di Thailand tengah.^[1]

Jalur kereta api ini menjadi terkenal karena rutenya melalui Pasar Kereta Api Maeklong, yang dijuluki (bahasa Thai: ตลาดร่มหุบ; RTGS: Talat Rom Hup), yang berarti "pasar tarik payung".^[2] Ini adalah salah satu pasar makanan laut segar terbesar di Thailand, dan berpusat di jalur Kereta Api Maeklong.^[3] Setiap kali kereta mendekat, tenda dan bagian depan toko ditutup kembali dari rel, kemudian dibuka kembali setelah kereta lewat.^[4]

Sejarah

Kereta Api Mae Klong dibangun dalam dua tahap terpisah. Tachin Railway Ltd, didirikan pada tahun 1901 dengan konsesi dari Kerajaan Thailand untuk membangun jalur ke Samut Sakhon dari Bangkok,^[5] membangun Jalur Mahachai sepanjang 33 kilometer; dibuka pada tahun 1904 dengan delapan stasiun. Setahun kemudian, Perusahaan Kereta Api Maeklong membuka Jalur Ban Laem sepanjang 34 kilometer, menggunakan tiga lokomotif uap.^[6]^[7] Jalur ini bergabung pada tahun 1907 untuk membentuk Maeklong Railway Ltd. Jalur ini awalnya dibuka sebagai jalur barang, mengangkut hasil bumi dari pelabuhan perikanan Samut Sakhon dan Samut Songkram ke pasar Bangkok.^[3] Pemerintah Thailand membeli perusahaan yang sekarang merger tersebut pada tahun 1926 dan mengalirkan listrik ke bagian timur, mengubahnya menjadi jalur trem antar kota.^[8] Militer Thailand kemudian menguasai jalur kereta api pada tahun 1942, selama Perang Dunia II, dan jalur tersebut berada di bawah kendali Kereta Api Negara Thailand pada tahun 1952 dan sepenuhnya digabungkan ke dalamnya pada tahun 1955.^[9]^[7] Selama periode penggabungan ini, elektrifikasi dihilangkan dari bagian timur, dengan kereta api uap dan kemudian kereta api diesel menggantikan kereta trem lama pada tahun 1959.^[6] Pada tahun 1961, terminal asli jalur ini di Pak Khlong San ditutup dan diganti dengan halte bus, untuk mengurangi kemacetan lalu lintas di Bangkok, dengan Wongwian Yai menjadi terminal baru.^[7]

Jalur

Jalur ini terdiri dari dua bagian: Jalur Mahachai bagian timur, yang membentang antara Samut Sakhon dan Wongwian Yai dengan 20 stasiun, dan Jalur Ban Laem, yang membentang antara Samut Sakhon dan Samut Songkhram dengan 15 stasiun. Kedua bentangan tersebut dipisahkan oleh Sungai Tha Chin di Samut Sakhon. Satu-satunya penghubung antara stasiun di seberang sungai adalah dengan perahu.^[7]

Layanan

Tujuh belas kereta beroperasi setiap hari di setiap arah antara Wongwian Yai dan Mahachai.^[10] Empat kereta beroperasi setiap hari antara Ban Laem dan Maeklong.^[11] Kereta api ini merupakan salah satu yang paling lambat di Thailand, dan kecepatan rata-rata untuk seluruh jalur hanya 30 km/jam.^[12]

Kereta api pertama Jalur Kereta Maeklong diangkut dengan tiga mesin tangki berbahan bakar kayu 0-4-2T, yang dibeli dari Perusahaan Lokomotif Krauss pada tahun 1903 dan 1906. Terdiri dari gerbong trem listrik yang digunakan untuk layanan penumpang di bagian timur jalur tersebut dari sekitar tahun 1927 hingga de-elektrifikasi jalur pada tahun 1955, awalnya digantikan dengan kereta konvensional yang diangkut oleh dua mesin uap Henschel 4-6-2. Sepasang lokomotif diesel Henschel 440hp 2-6-2 diperkenalkan tidak lama kemudian pada tahun 1957, namun hal ini tidak dianggap sukses; jalur kereta api tidak menghentikan traksi uap hingga tahun 1971, ketika mesin diesel Sulzer yang lebih tua namun lebih andal, termasuk yang pertama digunakan oleh SRT, diturunkan ke Jalur Kereta Api Maeklong dengan hadirnya lokomotif yang lebih modern di jaringan utama. Setidaknya sejak tahun 1975, Kereta Api Maeklong telah dioperasikan oleh kereta api diesel yang relatif modern.^[6]

Referensi

^ Annual Report 2020 (PDF) (Laporan). State Railway of Thailand. 2021. hlm. 242. Diakses tanggal 1 December 2021.
^ "Maeklong Railway Market: Marketplace With a Railway Track Through it". Amusing Planet. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.
^ ^a ^b "The Mae Khlong Mahachai Railway". Thailand by Train. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.
^ Cunningham, Susan. "The Market Where a Train Runs Through". Southeast Asia Traveler. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.
^ Nielsen, Flemming (1 January 2011). "The 'Danish' Tachin Railway". ScandAsia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 April 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Tiger Steam - Maeklong Railway". International Steam. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pass, Mike. "Thai Steam Today & Yesteryear" (PDF). 2Bangkok. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 May 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.
^ "Tram Views of Asia - Thailand". Tramz. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2020.
^ "Transit history notes: Seizing the Maeklong Railway". 2Bangkok. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.
^ "Wongwian Yai - Maha Chai Timetable" (PDF). State Railway of Thailand. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 May 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.
^ "Ban Laem - Mae Klong Timetable" (PDF). State Railway of Thailand. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 May 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.
^ "SRT: The Maeklong line and Maeklong railway market". Thai Mass Transport Systems. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.

[1] Annual Report 2020 (PDF) (Laporan). State Railway of Thailand. 2021. hlm. 242. Diakses tanggal 1 December 2021.

[2] "Maeklong Railway Market: Marketplace With a Railway Track Through it". Amusing Planet. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.

[thailandbytrain-3] "The Mae Khlong Mahachai Railway". Thailand by Train. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.

[4] Cunningham, Susan. "The Market Where a Train Runs Through". Southeast Asia Traveler. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.

[5] Nielsen, Flemming (1 January 2011). "The 'Danish' Tachin Railway". ScandAsia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 April 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.

[TigerSteam-6] "Tiger Steam - Maeklong Railway". International Steam. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2020.

[2Bangkok-7] Pass, Mike. "Thai Steam Today & Yesteryear" (PDF). 2Bangkok. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 May 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.

[Tramz-8] "Tram Views of Asia - Thailand". Tramz. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2020.

[9] "Transit history notes: Seizing the Maeklong Railway". 2Bangkok. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.

[10] "Wongwian Yai - Maha Chai Timetable" (PDF). State Railway of Thailand. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 May 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.

[11] "Ban Laem - Mae Klong Timetable" (PDF). State Railway of Thailand. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 May 2013. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.

[thaitransit-12] "SRT: The Maeklong line and Maeklong railway market". Thai Mass Transport Systems. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 12 Mar 2013.

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