Kambos
| Kambos
Periode
| |
|---|---|
Symplocos  | |
 Plate by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini | |
| Taksonomi | |
| Kerajaan | Plantae |
| Ordo | Ericales |
| Famili | Symplocaceae |
| Genus | Symplocos Jacquin, 1760 |
| Tipe taksonomi | Symplocos martinicensis |
| Diversitas | |
c. 400 species | |
| Tata nama | |
| Sinonim takson |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
Symplocos , lomba atau kambos adalah genus tumbuhan berbunga dalam ordo Ericales. Ini berisi sekitar 300 spesies yang tersebar di Asia dan Amerika. Banyak spesies tumbuh di daerah tropis lembap. Kadang-kadang ini dianggap sebagai satu-satunya genus dalam keluarga Symplocaceae. [2] Tumbuhan dalam keluarga ini berupa semak dan pohon dengan bunga berwarna putih atau kuning. [3] Fosil tertua dari genus ini berasal dari Eosen Bawah di Eropa dan Amerika Utara, dengan genus tersebut terdapat di Eropa hingga Pliosen. [4] [5] Benih fosil † Symplocos granulosa sering ditemukan pada lapisan batuan sedimen dari Oligosen Akhir hingga Miosen Akhir di Denmark, Jerman, Austria dan Polandia. Benih fosil tersebut sangat mirip dengan benih spesies Extan di Tiongkok selatan, Symplocos glandulifera dan Symplocos sulcata. Benih fosil † Symplocos paucicostata diketahui dari lapisan batuan sedimen Pliosen Tengah di Reuver, Belanda dan dari lapisan batuan sedimen Pliosen Akhir di Italia utara. Benih fosil tersebut sangat mirip dengan benih spesies Symplocos panikulata di Asia Timur yang masih ada [6]
Daftar spesies
Symplocos adalah sebuah genus tumbuhan dari famili Symplocaceae. Hingga Januari 2023, Plants of the World Online mengakui sekitar 400 spesies yang telah diterima.[1]
A
- Symplocos abietorum Standl. & Steyerm.
- Symplocos acananensis Steyerm.
- Symplocos acuminata (Blume) Miq.
- Symplocos adenophylla Wall. ex G.Don
- Symplocos adenopus Hance
- Symplocos altissima Brand
- Symplocos ambangensis Noot.
- Symplocos amplifolia Brand
- Symplocos ampulliformis C.T.White
- Symplocos anamallayana Bedd.
- Symplocos andicola B.Ståhl
- Symplocos angulata Brand
- Symplocos annamensis Noot.
- Symplocos anomala Brand
- Symplocos apiciflora B.Ståhl
- Symplocos aprilis Brand
- Symplocos araioura Merr.
- Symplocos arborea (Vieill.) Brongn. & Gris
- Symplocos arbutifolia Casar.
- Symplocos arechea L'Hér.
- Symplocos argenna Brand
- Symplocos atjehensis Noot.
- Symplocos atlantica Aranha
- Symplocos atriolivacea Merr. & Chun ex H.L.Li
- Symplocos austin-smithii Standl.
- Symplocos austromexicana Almeda
- Symplocos austrosinensis Hand.-Mazz.
B
- Symplocos badia B.Ståhl
- Symplocos baehnii J.F.Macbr.
- Symplocos baeuerlenii R.T.Baker
- Symplocos banaensis Guillaumin
- Symplocos baracoensis P.W.Fritsch & Almeda
- Symplocos barisanica Noot.
- Symplocos barringtoniifolia Brand
- Symplocos batakensis Noot.
- Symplocos blancae B.Ståhl
- Symplocos bogotensis Brand
- Symplocos bolivarana Aristeg.
- Symplocos bombycina B.Ståhl
- Symplocos boninensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Symplocos boonjee Jessup
- Symplocos borneensis Brand
- Symplocos brachybotrys Merr.
- Symplocos bractealis Thwaites
- Symplocos brandisii Koord. & Valeton
- Symplocos breedlovei Lundell
- Symplocos bullata Jessup
- Symplocos buxifolia Stapf
- Symplocos buxifolioides K.G.Pearce
C
_(22460009590).jpg)
- Symplocos caerulescens (Vieill.) Brongn. & Gris
- Symplocos calycodactylos Brand
- Symplocos cambodiana (Pierre) Hallier f.
- Symplocos candelabrum Brand
- Symplocos canescens B.Ståhl
- Symplocos carmencitae B.Ståhl
- Symplocos caudata Wall. ex G.Don
- Symplocos celastrifolia Griff. ex C.B.Clarke
- Symplocos celastrinea Mart. ex Miq.
- Symplocos cerasifolia Wall. ex DC.
- Symplocos cernua Bonpl.
- Symplocos chaoanensis F.G.Wang & H.G.Ye
- Symplocos chimantensis Steyerm. & Maguire
- Symplocos chloroleuca B.Ståhl
- Symplocos ciponimoides Griseb.
- Symplocos citrea Lex.
- Symplocos clethrifolia B.Ståhl
- Symplocos coccinea Bonpl.
- Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.Moore
- Symplocos colombonensis Noot.
- Symplocos colorata Brand
- Symplocos columbuli Noot.
- Symplocos complanata Brand
- Symplocos composiracemosa Noot.
- Symplocos condorensis B.Ståhl
- Symplocos cordifolia Thwaites
- Symplocos coreana (H.Lév.) Ohwi
- Symplocos coriacea A.DC.
- Symplocos coronata Thwaites
- Symplocos corymboclados Brand
- Symplocos costaricana Hemsl.
- Symplocos costata (Blume) Choisy ex Zoll.
- Symplocos costatifructa Noot.
- Symplocos crassilimba Merr.
- Symplocos crassipes C.B.Clarke
- Symplocos crassiramifera Noot.
- Symplocos crassulacea B.Ståhl
- Symplocos cubensis Griseb.
- Symplocos culminicola Standl. & Steyerm.
- Symplocos cundinamarcensis B.Ståhl
- Symplocos cuneata Thwaites
- Symplocos cuscoensis B.Ståhl
- Symplocos cyanocarpa C.T.White
- Symplocos cylindracea Noot.
D
- Symplocos dasyphylla Brand
- Symplocos debilis B.Ståhl
- Symplocos decorticans B.Ståhl
- Symplocos deflexa Stapf
- Symplocos denticulata B.Ståhl
- Symplocos disepala Guillaumin
- Symplocos diversifolia Brand
- Symplocos dolichopoda B.Ståhl
- Symplocos dolichotricha Merr.
- Symplocos domingensis Urb.
- Symplocos dryophila C.B.Clarke
E
- Symplocos ecuadorensis Little
- Symplocos ecuadorica Doweld
- Symplocos elegans Thwaites
- Symplocos elliptica L.M.Kelly & Almeda
- Symplocos estrellensis Casar.
- Symplocos euryoides Hand.-Mazz.
- Symplocos excelsa L.O.Williams
- Symplocos excoriata B.Ståhl
- Symplocos extraaxillaris Brand
F
- Symplocos falcata Brand
- Symplocos fasciculata Zoll.
- Symplocos ferruginea Roxb.
- Symplocos filipes Noot.
- Symplocos fimbriata B.Ståhl
- Symplocos flavescens Brand
- Symplocos flos-pilosa Aristeg.
- Symplocos flosfragrans Chaparro
- Symplocos foliosa Wight
- Symplocos fordii Hance
- Symplocos fragilis B.Ståhl
- Symplocos fukienensis Y.Ling
- Symplocos fuliginosa B.Ståhl
- Symplocos fuscata B.Ståhl
G
- Symplocos gambliana Brand
- Symplocos gigantifolia Noot.
- Symplocos gittinsii (Noot.) Jessup
- Symplocos glaberrima Gontsch.
- Symplocos glabriramifera Noot.
- Symplocos glandulifera Brand
- Symplocos glandulosomarginata Hoehne
- Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz.
- Symplocos glaziovii Brand
- Symplocos globulifera B.Ståhl
- Symplocos glomerata King ex C.B.Clarke
- Symplocos golondrinae B.Ståhl
- Symplocos goodeniacea Noot.
- Symplocos gracilis Brongn. & Gris
- Symplocos graniticola Jessup
- Symplocos groffii Merr.
- Symplocos guacamayensis B.Ståhl
- Symplocos guadeloupensis Krug & Urb.
- Symplocos guianensis (Aubl.) Gürke
- Symplocos guillauminii Merr.
H
- Symplocos hainanensis Merr. & Chun ex H.L.Li
- Symplocos harroldii Jessup
- Symplocos hartwegii A.DC.
- Symplocos hayesii C.T.White & W.D.Francis
- Symplocos heishanensis Hayata
- Symplocos henryi Brand
- Symplocos henschelii (Moritzi) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke
- Symplocos herzogii Sleumer
- Symplocos hiemalis Lingelsh.
- Symplocos hintonii Lundell
- Symplocos hookeri C.B.Clarke
- Symplocos hottae Nagam.
- Symplocos hotteana Urb. & Ekman
- Symplocos huegeliana Brand
- Symplocos hylandii Noot.
I
- Symplocos iliaspaiensis Noot.
- Symplocos imperialis Brand
- Symplocos incahuasensis Sagást. & M.O.Dillon
- Symplocos incrassata Aranha
- Symplocos inopinata Aranha
- Symplocos insignis Brand
- Symplocos insolita Aranha, P.W.Fritsch & Almeda
- Symplocos interrupta Brand
- Symplocos itatiaiae Wawra
J
- Symplocos jauaensis Steyerm. & Maguire
- Symplocos johniana Stapf
- Symplocos junghuhnii Koord.
- Symplocos jurgensenii Hemsl.
K
- Symplocos kawakamii Hayata
- Symplocos kemiriensis Nagam.
- Symplocos khasiana Brand
- Symplocos kleinii Aranha
- Symplocos koidzumiana Tatew. & B.Yoshim.
- Symplocos kothayarensis Sundaresan, Jothi, S.Rajkumar & Manickam
- †Symplocos kowalewskii (Casp.) Sadowski et Hofmann
- Symplocos kurgensis C.B.Clarke
L
_Symplocos_lucida_-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B2%99%E8%9E%BA%E6%B4%9E_Sha_Lo_Tung,_Hong_Kong-_(9227080877).jpg)
- Symplocos laeteviridis Stapf
- Symplocos lanata Krug & Urb.
- Symplocos lancifolia Siebold & Zucc.
- Symplocos lasseri Steyerm.
- Symplocos latifolia Krug & Urb.
- Symplocos laxiflora Benth.
- Symplocos ledermannii Brand
- Symplocos lehmannii Brand
- Symplocos leiostachya Kurz
- Symplocos leochaii P.Chai
- Symplocos leonis Britton & P.Wilson
- Symplocos leucantha Kurz
- Symplocos leucocarpa Brand
- Symplocos lilacina Brand
- Symplocos limoncillo Bonpl.
- Symplocos limonensis B.Ståhl, C.Ulloa & Minga
- Symplocos lindeniana Krug & Urb.
- Symplocos liukiuensis Matsum.
- Symplocos longifolia H.R.Fletcher
- Symplocos longipes Lundell
- Symplocos lucida Wall. ex G.Don
- Symplocos lugubris Brand
- Symplocos lutescens Brand
M
- Symplocos macrocarpa Wight ex C.B.Clarke
- Symplocos macrophylla Wall. ex DC.
- Symplocos magdalenae B.Ståhl
- Symplocos maliliensis Noot.
- Symplocos mapiriensis Brand
- Symplocos martinicensis Jacq.
- Symplocos megalocarpa H.R.Fletcher
- Symplocos melanochroa Sleumer
- Symplocos menglianensis Y.Y.Qian
- Symplocos mezii Szyszyl.
- Symplocos micrantha Krug & Urb.
- Symplocos microcalyx Hayata
- Symplocos microphylla Wight
- Symplocos microstyla Aranha, P.W.Fritsch & Almeda
- Symplocos migoi Nagam.
- Symplocos minima Aranha
- Symplocos moaensis Borhidi
- Symplocos monantha Wight
- Symplocos montana (Vieill.) Brongn. & Gris
- Symplocos morii Almeda & L.M.Kelly
- Symplocos mucronata Bonpl.
- Symplocos multibracteata Noot.
- Symplocos multipes Brand
- Symplocos myrtacea Siebold & Zucc.
N
- Symplocos nairii A.N.Henry, Gopalan & Swamin.
- Symplocos nakaharae (Hayata) Masam.
- Symplocos nana Brand
- Symplocos naniflora L.M.Kelly & Almeda
- Symplocos neblinae Maguire & Steyerm.
- Symplocos neei B.Ståhl
- Symplocos neglecta Brand
- Symplocos neillii B.Ståhl
- Symplocos neocaledonica (Vieill.) Noot.
- Symplocos nigridentata L.M.Kelly & Almeda
- Symplocos nitens (Pohl) Benth.
- Symplocos nitidiflora Brand
- Symplocos nivalis Linden ex Brand
- Symplocos nivea Brand
- Symplocos nokoensis (Hayata) Kaneh.
- Symplocos nuda Bonpl.
O
- Symplocos oblongifolia Casar.
- Symplocos obovatifolia Merr.
- Symplocos obtusa Wall. ex G.Don
- Symplocos occulta Aranha
- Symplocos octopetala Sw.
- Symplocos odoratissima (Blume) Choisy ex Zoll.
- Symplocos oligandra Bedd.
- Symplocos olivacea Merr.
- Symplocos ophirensis C.B.Clarke
- Symplocos oranjeensis Brand
- Symplocos oreophila Almeda
- Symplocos oresbia Jessup
- Symplocos organensis Brand
- Symplocos ovalis C.Wright ex Griseb.
- Symplocos ovata B.Ståhl
- Symplocos ovatilobata Noot.
- Symplocos oxyphylla Wall. ex DC.
P
_4x3.jpg)
- Symplocos pachycarpa L.M.Kelly & Almeda
- Symplocos panamensis McPherson
- Symplocos paniculata Miq.
- Symplocos paniensis Pillon & Noot.
- Symplocos parvibracteata J.Stephan, P.W.Fritsch & N.Mohanan
- Symplocos parvifolia Benth.
- Symplocos patazensis Mansf.
- Symplocos paucinervia Noot.
- Symplocos paucistaminea F.Muell. & F.M.Bailey
- Symplocos pealii King ex Das
- Symplocos pedunculata Noot.
- Symplocos pendula Wight
- Symplocos pentandra (Mattos) Occhioni ex Aranha
- Symplocos pergracilis (Nakai) T.Yamaz.
- Symplocos peruviana (Szyszyl.) Brand
- Symplocos phaeoneura B.Ståhl
- Symplocos pichindensis Cuatrec.
- Symplocos pilosa Rehder
- Symplocos pilosiuscula Brand
- Symplocos pittieriana Steyerm.
- Symplocos platyphylla (Pohl) Benth.
- Symplocos pluribracteata B.Ståhl
- Symplocos pochinii C.E.C.Fisch.
- Symplocos poilanei Guillaumin
- Symplocos polyandra (Blanco) Brand
- Symplocos polyphylla B.Ståhl
- Symplocos povedae Almeda
- Symplocos pseudobarberina Gontsch.
- Symplocos psiloclada B.Ståhl
- Symplocos puberula Jessup
- Symplocos pubescens Klotzsch ex Benth.
- Symplocos pulchra Wight
- Symplocos pulvinata Noot.
- Symplocos pustulosa Aranha
- Symplocos pycnantha Hemsl.
- Symplocos pycnobotrya Mart. ex Miq.
- Symplocos pycnophylla Sleumer
- Symplocos pyriflora Ridl.
- Symplocos pyrifolia Wall. ex G.Don
Q
- Symplocos quindiuensis Brand
- Symplocos quitensis Brand
R
- Symplocos racemosa Roxb.
- Symplocos ramosissima Wall. ex G.Don
- Symplocos ramuliflora B.Ståhl
- Symplocos rayae Noot.
- Symplocos reflexa A.DC.
- Symplocos retusa Kriebel, J.A.González & Alfaro
- Symplocos revoluta (Mart.) Casar.
- Symplocos rhamnifolia A.DC.
- Symplocos rhomboidea B.Ståhl
- Symplocos riangensis Noot.
- Symplocos rigidissima Brand
- Symplocos rimbachii B.Ståhl
- Symplocos rimosa B.Ståhl
- Symplocos rizzinii Occhioni
- Symplocos robinfosteri B.Ståhl
- Symplocos robinsonii Ridl.
- Symplocos robusta B.Ståhl
- Symplocos rubiginosa Wall. ex DC.
S
- Symplocos salicifolia Griseb.
- Symplocos salicoides Noot.
- Symplocos sanaensis Masam. & Syozi
- Symplocos sandemanii B.Ståhl
- Symplocos sandiae Brand
- Symplocos sararensis Cuatrec.
- Symplocos sawafutagi Nagam.
- Symplocos saxatilis Aranha, P.W.Fritsch & Almeda
- Symplocos scabra J.F.Macbr.
- Symplocos schiedeana Schltdl.
- Symplocos schomburgkii Klotzsch ex Brand
- Symplocos serratifolia B.Ståhl
- Symplocos serrulata Bonpl.
- Symplocos setchuensis Brand
- Symplocos shilanensis Y.C.Liu & F.Y.Lu
- Symplocos silverstonei B.Ståhl
- Symplocos singuliflora Guillaumin
- Symplocos sonoharae Koidz.
- Symplocos sordida Guillaumin
- Symplocos sousae Almeda
- Symplocos speciosa Hemsl.
- Symplocos spectabilis Brand
- Symplocos spruceana (Miers) Gürke
- Symplocos stawellii F.Muell.
- Symplocos stellaris Brand
- Symplocos striata Kriebel & N.Zamora
- Symplocos suaveolens Klotzsch ex Brand
- Symplocos subandina B.Ståhl
- Symplocos subcuneata (Herzog) B.Ståhl
- Symplocos subintegra Chatterjee
- Symplocos subsecunda Brand
- Symplocos sukoei C.E.C.Fisch.
- Symplocos sulcinervia B.Ståhl
- Symplocos sumatrana Brand
- Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
T
- Symplocos tacanensis Lundell
- Symplocos tamana Steyerm.
- Symplocos tanakae Matsum.
- Symplocos tanakana Nakai
- Symplocos tenuifolia Brand
- Symplocos tetragona Y.F.Wu
- Symplocos tetrandra (Mart.) Mart.
- Symplocos theifolia D.Don
- Symplocos theiformis (L.f.) Oken
- Symplocos thwaitesii F.Muell.
- Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér.
- Symplocos trachycarpos Brand
- Symplocos trianae Brand
- Symplocos tribracteolata Almeda
- Symplocos trichocarpa B.Ståhl
- Symplocos trichomarginalis Noot.
- Symplocos tricoccata Noot.
- Symplocos trisepala Merr.
- Symplocos truncata B.Ståhl
- Symplocos turrilliana A.C.Sm.
U
- Symplocos ulei Brand
- Symplocos ulotricha Y.Ling
- Symplocos umbellata Brand
- Symplocos unicarpa Noot.
- Symplocos uniflora (Pohl) Benth.
- Symplocos urbaniana Brand
V
- Symplocos vacciniifolia H.S.Chen & H.G.Ye
- Symplocos vanderwerffii B.Ståhl
- Symplocos vatteri Standl. & Steyerm.
- Symplocos venulosa Cuatrec.
- Symplocos verrucisurcula B.Ståhl
- Symplocos verticillifolia Noot.
- Symplocos vidalii Rolfe
- Symplocos vinosodentata H.Lév.
- Symplocos violacea Brand
- Symplocos viridissima Brand
W
- Symplocos weberbaueri Brand
- Symplocos whitfordii Brand
- Symplocos wikstroemiifolia Hayata
- Symplocos wooroonooran Jessup
- Symplocos wynadense (Kuntze) Noot.
Y
- Symplocos yangchunensis H.G.Ye & F.W.Xing
- Symplocos yapacanensis Steyerm.
Z
- Symplocos zizyphoides Stapf
Referensi
- ^ a b "Symplocos". Plants of the World Online (dalam bahasa Inggris). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Diakses tanggal 14 Februari 2023.
- ^ Wang, Y.; Fritsch, P.W.; Shi, S.; Almeda, F.; Cruz, B.C.; Kelly, L.M. (2004). "Phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Symplocos (Symplocaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 91 (11): 1901–14. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1901. PMID 21652336.
- ^ Symplocaceae.
- ^ Sadowski, Eva-Maria; Hofmann, Christa-Charlotte (2023-01-12). "The largest amber-preserved flower revisited". Scientific Reports (dalam bahasa Inggris). 13 (1): 17. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24549-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9837116. PMID 36635320.
- ^ Manchester, Steven R.; Fritsch, Peter W. (January 2014). "European fossil fruits of Sphenotheca related to extant Asian species of Symplocos: Sphenotheca transferred to Symplocos". Journal of Systematics and Evolution (dalam bahasa Inggris). 52 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1111/jse.12060.
- ^ A reconsideration of the diversity of Symplocos in the European Neogene on the basis of fruit morphology by D. H. Mai and Edoardo Martinetto - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 140(1):1-26, June 2006 - DOI:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.02.001
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