Lantanida

Lantanida atau lantanoid adalah kelompok unsur kimia yang terdiri dari 15 unsur, mulai lantanum (La) sampai lutesium (Lu) pada tabel periodik, dengan nomor atom 57 sampai 70. Skandium, itrium, dan semua lantanida dikenal sebagai logam tanah jarang. Semua lantanida, kecuali lutesium, adalah unsur blok-f yang berarti bahwa elektronnya terisi sampai orbit 4f. Golongan ini diberi nama berdasarkan lantanum. Prometium merupakan satu-satunya unsur lantanida yang radioaktif, dengan paruh waktu isotop paling stabilnya (145Pm) hanya 17,7 tahun.
Unsur-unsur didalam kolom lantanida
Lantanida memiliki 15 unsur, yaitu
- Lantanum (La) (Z = 57)
- Serium (Ce) (Z = 58)
- Praseodimium (Pr) (Z = 59)
- Neodimium (Nd) (Z = 60)
- Prometium (Pm) (Z = 61)
- Samarium (Sm) (Z = 62)
- Europium (Eu) (Z = 63)
- Gadolinium (Gd) (Z = 64)
- Terbium (Tb) (Z = 65)
- Disprosium (Dy) (Z = 66)
- Holmium (Ho) (Z = 67)
- Erbium (Er) (Z = 68)
- Tulium (Tm) (Z = 69)
- Iterbium (Yb) (Z = 70)
- Lutesium (Lu) (Z = 71)
Karakteristik
| Z | Unsur | Jumlah elektron/kelopak | Konfigurasi elektron |
|---|---|---|---|
| 57 | lantanum | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 | [Xe] 5d1 6s2 |
| 58 | serium | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
| 59 | praseodimium | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 |
| 60 | neodimium | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 |
| 61 | prometium | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 |
| 62 | samarium | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f6 6s2 |
| 63 | europium | 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f7 6s2 |
| 64 | gadolinium | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 |
| 65 | terbium | 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f9 6s2 |
| 66 | disprosium | 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f10 6s2 |
| 67 | holmium | 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f11 6s2 |
| 68 | erbium | 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f12 6s2 |
| 69 | tulium | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
| 70 | iterbium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 |
| 71 | lutesium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 |
Lihat Juga
Pranala luar
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | H | He | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | |||||||||||||||
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |
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