Mazhab Austria

Mazhab Austria adalah mazhab ekonomi yang didasarkan pada konsep individualisme metodologis, artinya fenomena sosial tercipta berkat motivasi dan tindakan seseorang.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Mazhab ini muncul pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 di Wina melalui karya-karya Carl Menger, Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, Friedrich von Wieser, dan lain-lain.^[5] Secara metodologis, mazhab ini berseberangan dengan mazhab historis Prusia. Perbedaan antara keduanya disebut Methodenstreit). Ekonom modern yang mengikuti mazhab Austria tersebar di berbagai negara, namun gagasan mereka tetap disebut ekonomi Austria.

Kontribusi teori Mazhab Austria meliputi teori nilai subjektif, marginalisme dalam teori harga, dan perumusan masalah perhitungan ekonomi, masing-masing sudah diterima sebagai bagian dari ekonomi arus utama.^[6]

Banyak ekonom yang mengkritik Mazhab Austria modern dan menganggap penolakan ekonometrika dan analisis ekonomi makro agregatnya tidak sejalan dengan teori arus utama atau heterodoks^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] Sebaliknya, ekonom aliran Austria juga mengkritik ekonomi arus utama.^[11] Meski Mazhab Austria sudah dianggap heterodoks sejak akhir 1930-an, akademisi dan masyarakat mulai tertarik dengan mazhab ini pada tahun 1970-an.^[12]

Karya utama

Principles of Economics (1871) karya Carl Menger^[2]
Capital and Interest (1884, 1889, 1921) karya Eugen Böhm von Bawerk^[2]
The Theory of Money and Credit (1912) karya Ludwig von Mises^[2]
Human Action (1949) karya Ludwig von Mises^[2]
Individualism and Economic Order (1949) karya Friedrich A. Hayek^[2]
Man, Economy, and State (1962) karya Murray N. Rothbard^[2]

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

^ Carl Menger, Principles of Economics, online at https://www.mises.org/etexts/menger/principles.asp
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Boettke, Peter J. (2008). "Austrian School of Economics". Dalam David R. Henderson (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (edisi ke-2nd). Library of Economics and Liberty. ISBN 978-0865976658. OCLC 237794267.
^ Methodological Individualism at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
^ Ludwig von Mises. Human Action, p. 11, "r. Purposeful Action and Animal Reaction". Referenced 2011-11-23.
^ Joseph A. Schumpeter, History of economic analysis, Oxford University Press 1996, ISBN 978-0-19-510559-9.
^ Birner, Jack; van Zijp, Rudy (1994). Hayek, Co-ordination and Evolution: His Legacy in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas. London, New York: Routledge. hlm. 94. ISBN 978-0-415-09397-2.
^ Boettke, Peter. "Is Austrian Economics Heterodox Economics?". The Austrian Economists. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 March 2009. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-13.
^ Boettke, Peter J.; Peter T. Leeson (2003). "28A: The Austrian School of Economics 1950-2000". Dalam Warren Samuels, Jeff E. Biddle, and John B. Davis. A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 446–452. ISBN 978-0-631-22573-7.
^ "Heterodox economics: Marginal revolutionaries". The Economist. December 31, 2011. Diakses tanggal February 22, 2012.
^ Caplan, Bryan. "Why I Am Not an Austrian Economist". Bryan Caplan at George Mason University faculty page. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-04. ...More than anything else, what prevents Austrians from getting more publications in mainstream journals is that their papers rarely use mathematics or econometrics, research tools that Austrians reject on principle. ...Mises and Rothbard however err when they say that economic history can only illustrate economic theory. In particular, empirical evidence is often necessary to determine whether a theoretical factor is quantitatively significant. ...Austrians reject econometrics on principle because economic theory is true a priori, so statistics or historical study cannot 'test' theory....
^ Austrian Economics and the Mainstream: View from the Boundary, Roger E. Backhouse
^ Meijer, G. (1995). New Perspectives on Austrian Economics. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-12283-2.

Bacaan lanjutan

Agafonow, Alejandro (2012). "The Austrian Dehomogenization Debate, or the Possibility of a Hayekian Planner". Review of Political Economy. 24 (2).
Harald Hagemann, Tamotsu Nishizawa, and Yukihiro Ikeda, eds. Austrian Economics in Transition: From Carl Menger to Friedrich Hayek (Palgrave Macmillan; 2010) 339 pages
Holcombe, Randall (1999). The Great Austrian Economists. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. hlm. 273. ISBN 0945466048.
Stephen Littlechild, ed. (1990). Austrian economics, 3 v. Edward Elgar. Description Diarsipkan 2011-07-22 di Wayback Machine. and scroll to chapter preview links for v. 1.
Schulak, Eugen-Maria; Unterköfler, Herbert (2011), The Austrian School of Economics: A History of Its Ideas, Ambassadors, and Institutions, Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute, hlm. 262, ISBN 9781610161343