Nomor E
Nomor E adalah kode zat yang boleh digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan makanan (aditif makanan) di Uni Eropa[1] and Switzerland. The "E" stands for "Europe".[2] Nomor ini sering dijumpai pada label makanan di seluruh Uni Eropa.[3] Penilaian dan persetujuan keamanan makanan merupakan tugas European Food Safety Authority.[4]
Daftar aditif makanan terpadu pertama yang terdiri dari pewarna makanan disepakati pada tahun 1962. Daftar pengawet ditambahkan tahun 1964, antioksidan tahun 1970, dan pengemulsi, penstabil, pengental, dan pembentuk gel tahun 1974.[5]
Klasifikasi menurut jangkauan nomor
| Jangkauan nomor E | Subjangkauan | Deskripsi |
|---|---|---|
| 100–199 (daftar lengkap) Pewarna |
100–109 | kuning |
| 110–119 | oranye | |
| 120–129 | merah | |
| 130–139 | biru & ungu | |
| 140–149 | hijau | |
| 150–159 | coklat & hitam | |
| 160–199 | emas dan lain-lain | |
| 200–299 (daftar lengkap) Pengawet |
200–209 | sorbat |
| 210–219 | benzoat | |
| 220–229 | sulfit | |
| 230–239 | fenol & format (metanoat) | |
| 240–259 | nitrat | |
| 260–269 | asetat (etanoat) | |
| 270–279 | laktat | |
| 280–289 | propionat (propanoat) | |
| 290–299 | lain-lain | |
| 300–399 (daftar lengkap) Antioksidan & pengatur keasaman |
300–305 | askorbat (vitamin C) |
| 306–309 | Tokoferol (vitamin E) | |
| 310–319 | galat & eritorbat | |
| 320–329 | laktat | |
| 330–339 | sitrat & tartrat | |
| 340–349 | fosfat | |
| 350–359 | malat & adipat | |
| 360–369 | suksinat & fumarat | |
| 370–399 | lain-lain | |
| 400–499 (daftar lengkap) Pengental, penstabil & pengemulsi |
400–409 | alginat |
| 410–419 | gom alami | |
| 420–429 | bahan alami lainnya | |
| 430–439 | senyawa polioksietena | |
| 440–449 | pengemulsi alami | |
| 450–459 | fosfat | |
| 460–469 | senyawa selulosa | |
| 470–489 | asam lemak & senyawanya | |
| 490–499 | lain-lain | |
| 500–599 (daftar lengkap) Pengatur pH & bahan antikempal |
500–509 | asam mineral & basa |
| 510–519 | klorida & sulfat | |
| 520–529 | sulfat & hidroksida | |
| 530–549 | senyawa logam alkali | |
| 550–559 | silikat | |
| 570–579 | stearat & glukonat | |
| 580–599 | lain-lain | |
| 600–699 (daftar lengkap) Penguat rasa |
620–629 | glutamat & guanilat |
| 630–639 | inosinat | |
| 640–649 | lain-lain | |
| 700–799 (daftar lengkap) Antibiotik |
700–713 | |
| 900–999 (daftar lengkap) Lain-lain |
900–909 | lilin |
| 910–919 | pelapis sintetis | |
| 920–929 | bahan pematang | |
| 930–949 | gas kemasan | |
| 950–969 | pemanis | |
| 990–999 | bahan pembuih | |
| 1100–1599 (daftar lengkap) Bahan kimia tambahan |
1100–1599 | Bahan kimia baru yang tidak masuk skema klasifikasi standar |
PS: Tidak semua contoh kelas masuk dalam jangkauan nomor yang ditentukan. Banyak bahan kimia, khususnya di jangkauan E400–499, yang memiliki berbagai kegunaan.
Lihat pula
Catatan kaki
- ^ "Food labels". Live Well. NHS Choices. Diakses tanggal 26 December 2012.
- ^ "FAQ - What does the E stand for in the food additives known as E numbers". EUFIC. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2016-04-10. Diakses tanggal 3 February 2013.
- ^ European Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners
- ^ Food Additives and Ingredients Association, no date, Frequently Asked Questions, accessed 6 March 2010
- ^ Food Additives in the European Union
Pranala luar
- Codex Alimentarius, the international foods standards, established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1963
- See also their document "Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives Diarsipkan 2007-02-06 di Wayback Machine." (Ref: CAC/GL #36 publ. 1989, revised 2009, amended 2011)
- Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) publications at the World Health Organization (WHO)
- Food Additive Index Diarsipkan 2013-10-21 di Wayback Machine., JECFA, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- E-codes and ingredients search engine with details/suggestions for Muslims Diarsipkan 2013-07-10 di Wayback Machine.
- Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers
- Food Additives in the European Union
- Food Additives, Food Safety, website of the European Union. Includes (a) Lists of authorised food additives (b) Food additives database
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