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Proyeksi psikologi

Proyeksi psikologi adalah sebuah mekanisme pertahanan ego dari perubahan "di dalam" yang kerap disalahartikan menjadi keliru yang berasal dari "luar".[1] Hal ini membentuk dasar empati dengan proyeksi pengalaman pribadi untuk memahami dunia subjektif orang lain. Dalam bentuknya yang ganas, mekanisme pertahanan membuat ego untuk membela diri terhadap bagian diri yang tidak diakui dan sangat negatif dengan penyangkalan terhadap keberadaan mereka dalam diri mereka sendiri dan menghubungkan mereka dengan orang lain, menimbulkan kesalahpahaman dan menyebabkan kerusakan antarpribadi yang tak terhitung.[2] Seorang pelaku intimidasi dapat memproyeksikan perasaan rentan mereka sendiri ke target, atau orang yang bingung dapat memproyeksikan perasaan bingung dan tidak mampu kepada orang lain. Proyeksi menggabungkan pengalihan kesalahan dan dapat bermanifestasi sebagai pembuangan rasa malu.[3] Proyeksi digambarkan sebagai fase awal introjeksi.[4]

Referensi

  1. ^ McWilliams, Nancy (2020) [2011]. "Primary Defensive Processes". Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process (edisi ke-2). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. hlm. 111. ISBN 978-1462543694. In both projection and introjection, there is a permeated psychological boundary between the self and the world. [...] Projection is the process whereby what is inside is misunderstood as coming from outside. In its benign and mature forms, it is the basis for empathy. 
  2. ^ Sigmund Freud, Case Histories II (PFL 9) p. 132
  3. ^ Hotchkiss, Sandy; foreword by Masterson, James F. Why Is It Always About You?: The Seven Deadly Sins of Narcissism (Free Press, 2003)
  4. ^ Malancharuvil JM (December 2004). "Projection, introjection, and projective identification: a reformulation" (PDF). Am J Psychoanal. 64 (4): 375–82. doi:10.1007/s11231-004-4325-y. PMID 15577283. 

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