Takut dan gentar
"Takut dan gentar" (bahasa Yunani Kuno: φόβος καὶ τρόμος, translit. phobos kai tromos, sebuah turunan dari Ibrani: חָרֵד, romanised: ḥārēḏ)[3] adalah sebuah peribahasa yang dipakai di seluruh Alkitab dan Tanakh, serta dalam sastra Yahudi lainnya. Dalam penulisan Yahudi, istilah tersebut umumnya merujuk kepada reaksi orang-orang yang menghadapi pihak militer yang lebih unggul, atau para pendosa yang mengkhawatirkan murka Allah. Dalam Perjanjian Baru, istilah tersebut seringkali dipakai, khususnya oleh Rasul Paulus, untuk menyatakan bahwa sikap orang-orang di hadapan Allah, atau menghadapi tugas dalam pelayanannya. Istilah tersebut kemudian diadopsi oleh Yohanes Calvin sebagai bagian dari doktrin keselamatannya, dan oleh John Henry Newman untuk menyebutkan sikap umat Kristen terhadap Kristus dan sakramen-sakramen.
Catatan kaki
Catatan penjelas
- ^ Peristiwa tersebut dikisahkan dalam Keluaran 32:19.
Referensi
- ^ Moulton 1905, hlm. 342.
- ^ Moulton 1905, hlm. 342. Firman tersebut tak muncul dalam penjelasan Kitab Keluaran.[1]
- ^ Savage 2009, hlm. 72. Untuk padanan Ibrani, lihat "ḥārēḏ". Blue-Letter Bible. Diakses tanggal 2025-04-17.
Daftar pustaka
- Berger, Klaus (2003) [1991]. Identity and Experience in the New Testament. Diterjemahkan oleh Muenchow, Charles. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press. ISBN 1-4514-1259-2.
- Bockmuehl, Markus (2006). The Epistle to the Philippians. London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 0-8264-8107-8.
- Calvin, John (1996) [1965]. Torrance, David W.; Torrance, Thomas F. (ed.). Commentary on The Epistles of Saint Paul the Apostle to the Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians. Calvin's New Testament Commentaries. Vol. 11. Diterjemahkan oleh Parker, T. H. L. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-2051-4.
- Carlisle, Claire (2010). Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling: A Reader's Guide. London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-84706-461-5.
- Cefalu, Paul (2004). Moral Identity in Early Modern English Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1-139-45625-3.
- Charles, Robert Henry (1912). The Book of Enoch: 1 Enoch. Oxford University Press. OCLC 869880177.
- Ciampa, Roy E.; Rosner, Brian S. (2020). The First Letter to the Corinthians. The Pillar New Testament Commentary. Lisle, IL: Inter-Varsity Press. ISBN 978-1-78974-014-1.
- Davies, William David; Allison, Dale C. (1997). A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. ISBN 0-567-08518-X.
- Elior, Rachel (2016). "From the Covenant of the Rainbow to the Covenant at Sinai, from the Pilgrimage to the Temple to the Vision of the Chariot, from the Blessing of the First Fruits to the Priestly Blessing, and from the Tiqqun leil Shavu'ot to the Revelation of the Shakhinah". Dalam Stratton, Kimberley; Lieber, Andrea (ed.). Crossing Boundaries in Early Judaism and Christianity. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism. Vol. 177. Leiden: Brill. hlm. 74–113. ISSN 1384-2161.
- Elmer, Ian J. (2015). "The Pauline Letters as Community Documents". Dalam Neil, Bronwen; Allen, Pauline (ed.). Collecting Early Christian Letters from the Apostle Paul to Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 37–53. ISBN 978-1-107-09186-3.
- Evans, Craig A. (2004). The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary. Vol. 2: Acts–Philemon. Colorado Springs, CO: Victor. ISBN 0-7814-4006-8.
- Grundmann, Walter (1990). "The Teacher of Righteousness of Qumran and the Question of Justification by Faith in the Theology of the Apostle Paul". Dalam Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome; Charlesworth, James H. (ed.). Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Christian Origins Library. New York: Crossroad. hlm. 85–114. ISBN 0-8245-1000-3.
- Harrill, J. Albert (2000). "The Use of the New Testament in the American Slave Controversy: A Case History in the Hermeneutical Tension between Biblical Criticism and Christian Moral Debate". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 10 (2): 149–186. doi:10.2307/1123945. JSTOR 1123945.
- Jewett, Robert (1970). "Conflicting Movements in the Early Church as Reflected in Philippians". Novum Testamentum. 12 (4): 362–390. doi:10.2307/1559934. JSTOR 1559934.
- Kirschten, Robert (1999). James Dickey and the Gentle Ecstasy of Earth: A Reading of the Poems. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press. ISBN 0-8071-2687-X.
- Ladd, George Eldon (1993) [1974]. A Theology of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-0680-5.
- Mesick, Clair (2024). Paul and His Rivals: Apostleship and Antagonism in the Corinthian Correspondence. Berlin: De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783111445441. ISBN 978-3-11-144517-5.
- Morgan, G. Campbell (2010) [1946]. The Corinthian Letters of Paul: An Exposition on I and II Corinthians. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-7252-2734-7.
- Moulton, William Fiddian (1905). "Hebrews". Dalam Ellicott, Charles John (ed.). A Bible Commentary for English Readers. Vol. 8. London: Cassell and Company. hlm. 277–350. OCLC 1041479497.
- O'Brien, Peter Thomas (1999). The Letter to the Ephesians. The Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-3736-0.
- O'Regan, Cyril (2019-10-14). "Newman: Apostle of Fear and Trembling to Liberal Christianity". Church Life Journal. University of Notre Dame. Diakses tanggal 2025-04-16.
- Riddle, Donald W. (1924). "The Physical Basis of Apocalypticism". The Journal of Religion. 4 (2): 174–191. doi:10.1086/480421. JSTOR 1195335.
- Sabin, Marie Noonan (2018). Evolving Humanity and Biblical Wisdom: Reading Scripture Through the Lens of Teilhard de Chardin. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-8477-1.
- Savage, Timothy B. (2009) [1995]. Power Through Weakness: Paul's Understanding of the Christian Ministry in 2 Corinthians. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-52045-7.
- Schipper, Jeremy (2022). Denmark Vesey's Bible: The Thwarted Revolt that Put Slavery and Scripture on Trial. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-19286-4.
- Segal, Michael (2010). "Text, Translation, and Allusion: An Unidentified Biblical Reference in 1 Enoch 1:5". The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 72 (3): 464–474. JSTOR 43726826.
- Williamson, Peter S. (2009). Ephesians. Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4412-0671-8.
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