Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Uruk

Uruk
𒀕𒆠, Unugki (bahasa Sumeria)
𒌷𒀕 atau 𒌷𒀔, Uruk (bahasa Akkadia)
وركاء or أوروك Warkāʼ atau Auruk (bahasa Arab)
Kuil Putih ziggurat di Uruk pada tahun 2020
Uruk di Near East
Uruk
Lokasi di Near East
Uruk di Iraq
Uruk
Uruk (Iraq)
LokasiAl-Warka, Kegubernuran Muthanna, Irak
WilayahMesopotamia
Koordinat31°19′27″N 45°38′14″E / 31.32417°N 45.63722°E / 31.32417; 45.63722
JenisPemukiman
Luas6 km2 (2,3 sq mi)
Sejarah
Didirikanmilenia ke-4 SM
DitinggalkanSekitar 700 M
PeriodePeriode Uruk hingga Awal Abad Pertengahan
Catatan situs
Nama resmiKota Arkeologis Uruk
Bagian dariAhwar Irak Selatan
KriteriaCampuran: (iii)(v)(ix)(x)
Nomor identifikasi1481-005
Pengukuhan2016 (Sesi ke-40)
Luas541 ha (2,09 sq mi)
Zona pembatas292 ha (1,13 sq mi)
Ekspansi kebudayaan Uruk skt. 3600-3200 SM

Uruk (Kuneiform: 𒌷𒀕 atau 𒌷𒀔}} URUUNUG; bahasa Sumeria: Unug; bahasa Akkadia: Uruk; bahasa Arab: وركاء, Warkā'; bahasa Aram/Alkitabiah Ibrani: אֶרֶךְ Erech; bahasa Yunani Kuno: Ὀρχόη, translit. Orchoē, Ὀρέχ Orech, Ὠρύγεια Ōrugeia) merupakan sebuah kota kuno Sumeria dan kemudian Babilonia, terletak di sebelah timur dataran yang sekarang sungai Efrat, di kanal kuno Sungai Efrat, sekitar 30 km timur Samawah modern, Al-Muthannā, Irak.[1]

Uruk adalah tipesitus untuk periode Uruk. Uruk memainkan peran utama di dalam urbanisasi awal Sumeria di pertengahan abad ke-4 SM. Pada puncaknya skt. 2900 SM, Uruk mungkin memiliki 50,000–80,000 penduduk yang tinggal di area berdinding 6 km2 (2,32 sq mi); menjadikannya kota terbesar di dunia saat itu.[1] Raja legendaris Gilgames, menurut kronologi yang disajikan di dalam Daftar Raja Sumeria, memerintah Uruk pada abad ke-27 SM. Kota ini kehilangan kepentingan utamanya pada sekitar tahun 2000 SM, dalam konteks perjuangan Babilonia dengan Elam, namun tetap dihuni sepanjang periode Seleukia dan Parthia sampai akhirnya ditinggalkan sesaat sebelum atau setelah penaklukan Islam.

Situs Uruk dikunjungi pada tahun 1849 oleh William Kennett Loftus yang memimpin penggalian pertama dari tahun 1850 sampai 1854, dan mengenalinya sebagai "Erech", diketahui sebagai "kota kedua Nimrod".[2]

Nama Arab Babilonia, al-ʿIrāq, diperkirakan berasal dari nama Uruk, melalui transmisi Bahasa Aram (Erech) dan kemungkinan Bahasa Persia Pertengahan (Erāq).[3]

Catatan

  1. ^ a b Harmansah, 2007
  2. ^ William Kennett Loftus (1857). Travels and researches in Chaldaea and Susiana: with an account of excavations at Warka, the "Erech" of Nimrod, and Shush, "Shushan the Palace" of Esther, in 1849-52. Robert Carter & Brothers. Of the primeval cities founded by Nimrod, the son of Gush, four are represented, in Genesis x. 10, as giving origin to the rest : — "And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Galneh, in the land of Shinar." ...let us see if there be any site which will correspond with the biblical Erech — the second city of Nimrod. About 120 miles southeast of Babylon, are some enormous piles of mounds, which, from their name and importance, appear at once to justify their claim to consideration. The name of Warka is derivable from Erech without unnecessary contortion. The original Hebrew word "Erk," or "Ark," is transformed into "Warka," either by changing the aleph into vau, or by simply prefixing the vau for the sake of euphony, as is customary in the conversion of Hebrew names to Arabic. If any dependence can be placed upon the derivation of modern from ancient names, this is more worthy of credence than most others of like nature.... Sir Henry Rawlinson states his belief that Warka is Erech, and in this he is supported by concurrent testimony.... [Footnote: See page xvi. of the Twenty-ninth Annual Report of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1852 ; and Proceedings of the Royal Geogr. Society, vol. i., page 47] 
  3. ^ "The name al-ʿIrāq, for all its Arabic appearance, is derived from Middle Persian erāq 'lowlands'" W. Eilers (1983), "Iran and Mesopotamia" in E. Yarshater, The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lihat pula

Referensi

Bacaan selanjutnya

Pranala luar

Read other articles:

fotografi tank tempur tipe AMX-30 di dekat Al-Salman, 3 Agustus 1991 AMX-30 adalah tank tempur utama yang dirancang oleh Bengkel Konstruksi Issy-les-Moulineaux, Prancis.[1] Dikembangkan pada akhir tahun 1950-an untuk kebutuhan persenjataan Angkatan Darat Prancis. Purwarupa pertama dibangun pada tahun 1960[2] dan mulai beroperasi dengan Angkatan Darat Perancis pada tahun 1967. Produksi MBT (main battle tank/tank tempur utama) ini mulai digunakan oleh resimen tank ke-503 yang berop…

Koordinat: 30°45.43′N 121°58.13′E / 30.75717°N 121.96883°E / 30.75717; 121.96883 Jembatan Donghai ketika dibangun Jembatan Donghai Jembatan Donghai (Hanzi sederhana: 东海大桥; Hanzi tradisional: 東海大橋; Pinyin: Dōnghǎi Dàqiáo; harfiah: 'East Sea Grand Bridge') adalah jembatan laut terpanjang di dunia sampai Jembatan Teluk Hangzhou dibuka pada 1 Mei 2008. Jembatan ini selesai dibangun pada 10 Desember 2005. Mempunyai panjang 32,5 kilom…

Linsang Asia[1] Prionodon pardicolor Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Mammalia Ordo: Carnivora Famili: Viverridae Subfamili: PrionodontinaePocock, 1933 Genus: PrionodonHorsfield, 1822 Species Prionodon linsang Prionodon pardicolor Linsang atau Linsang Asia adalah dua spesies musang yang diklasifikasikan dalam subfamili Prionodontinae dalam famili Viverridae. Ada satu genus Asia Tenggara, Prionodon. Kedua genera linsang (Prionodon dan Poiana dari Afrika) dahulu…

American pharmaceutical chemist and writer (1923–2015) Carl DjerassiCarl Djerassi in 2004Born(1923-10-29)October 29, 1923Vienna, AustriaDiedJanuary 30, 2015(2015-01-30) (aged 91)San Francisco, California, U.S.NationalityAustrianAmericanBulgarianAlma mater Kenyon College (BS) University of Wisconsin–Madison (PhD) Known for Contraceptive pill Djerassi Artists Residency Children2Parent(s)Samuel Djerassi (father) Alice Friedmann (mother)Scientific careerFieldsChemistryInstitutions…

Italian poet and author (1364 – c. 1430) In this medieval Italian name, the name de Pizan is an indicator of birthplace, not a family name. Christine de PizanChristine de Pizan (sitting) lecturing to a group of men standingBornSeptember 1364Venice, Republic of VeniceDiedc. 1430(1430-00-00) (aged 65–66)Poissy, Kingdom of FranceOccupationWriterSpouse Etienne du Castel ​ ​(m. 1379; died 1389)​Children3ParentTommaso di Benvenuto da Pizzano Chr…

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Liya Bahari Indah, Wangi-Wangi Selatan, Wakatobi – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Liya Bahari IndahDesaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSulawesi TenggaraKabupatenWakatobiKecamatanWangi-Wangi …

Election for the governorship of the U.S. state of Indiana For related races, see 2016 United States gubernatorial elections. 2016 Indiana gubernatorial election ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →   Nominee Eric Holcomb John R. Gregg Party Republican Democratic Running mate Suzanne Crouch Christina Hale Popular vote 1,397,396 1,235,503 Percentage 51.4% 45.4% County results Precinct resultsHolcomb:      30–40%     …

مثال لمثلثان يظهر كيفية عمل الضغط الكسيري الضغط كسيري (بالإنجليزية: Fractal compression)‏ هو طريقة ضغط بفقد بيانات للصور الرقمية، وهي تعتمد على الكسيريات. وتعد الطريقة الانسب للأنسجة والصور الطبيعية، معتمداً على تشابه اجزاء من الصورة لبعضها.[1] وتقوم الخوارزميات الكسيرية بتحويل…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Chatonnay (homonymie). Châtonnay La tour du calvaire à Châtonnay en mars 2019. Administration Pays France Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Département Isère Arrondissement Vienne Intercommunalité Communauté de communes Bièvre Isère Maire Mandat Jean-Michel Nogueras 2020-2026 Code postal 38440 Code commune 38094 Démographie Populationmunicipale 1 983 hab. (2021 ) Densité 62 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 45° 29′ 12″ n…

Nation with a lower living standard relative to more developed countries   Developed countries or cities   Developing countries   Least developed countries   Data unavailableThe latest classifications sorted by the IMF[1] and the UN[2] World map representing Human Development Index categories (based on 2022 data, published in 2024)  Very high  High  Medium  Low  No data A developing country …

Aspect in of history This article is about the intra-European military integration that has been undertaken since World War II, and has led to the present Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union. For the development of transatlantic defence ties in the same period, see History of NATO. Part of a series on the History of theEuropean Union Timeline Pre-1948 ideas 1948–1957 1958–1972 1973–1993 1993–2004 2004–present Organisation European Communities (1958–2009) European…

KapampanganJosé PalmaDiosdado MacapagalCorazon AquinoGloria Macapagal-ArroyoLea SalongaBenigno Aquino IIIVanessa LacheyEnrique IglesiasJumlah populasi2.89 juta(3.3%populasi Filipina)Daerah dengan populasi signifikan Filipina(Pampanga, Tarlac, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Metro Manila)  Amerika Serikat  KanadaBahasaBahasa Kapampangan, Bahasa Tagalog), Bahasa InggrisAgamaMayoritas Katolik Roma, minoritas Ariya dan AglipayanKelompok etnik terkaitOrang Filipina (Tagalog, S…

General election in New Zealand 2011 New Zealand general election ← 2008 26 November 2011 (2011-11-26)[1] 2014 → ← outgoing memberselected members →All 121 seats in the House of Representatives, including one overhang seat61 seats needed for a majorityOpinion pollsTurnout2,278,989 (74.21%) 5.25%   First party Second party Third party   Leader John Key Phil Goff Russel NormanMetiria Turei Party National Labour Green…

Overview of the languages spoken in the Republic of Chad Languages of ChadSignage in Arabic and French at the University of N'DjamenaOfficialArabic, FrenchIndigenousChadic languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Adamawa languagesVernacularFrançais populaire africain, Chadian ArabicForeignEnglishSignedNigerian Sign LanguageKeyboard layoutFrench AZERTY Part of a series on theCulture of Chad History People Languages Cuisine Religion Art Literature Music Media Radio Television Cinema Sport Monument…

American actor, singer, and dancer (born 1986) Elijah KelleyElijah Kelley, January 2008Born (1986-08-01) August 1, 1986 (age 37)LaGrange, Georgia, U.S.Occupations Actor singer dancer Years active1998–present Elijah Kelley (born August 1, 1986) is an American actor, singer, and dancer. He appeared in films such as 28 Days (2000), Take the Lead (2006), Hairspray (2007), Red Tails (2012), Lee Daniels' The Butler (2013), NBC's live-musical event The Wiz Live! (2015), as Ricky Bell in The…

Beauty pageant edition Miss Grand Vietnam 2023Miss Grand Vietnam 2023, Lê Hoàng PhươngDateAugust 27, 2023PresentersLương Thùy LinhThiên VũVenuePhú Thọ Indoor Stadium, District 11, Ho Chi Minh CityBroadcasterYouTubeFacebook LiveEntrants44Placements20WinnerLê Hoàng PhươngKhánh HòaBest National CostumeVũ Khúc Thiên Long – Nguyễn Lê Vĩnh Tường (performed by Hồ Nguyễn Huế Anh)← 20222024 → Miss Grand Vietnam 2023 was the second edition of the M…

2010 single by ArashiTo Be FreeSingle by Arashifrom the album Beautiful World Released7 July 2010 (2010-07-07)Recorded2010GenrePopLength7:28[1]LabelJ StormSongwriter(s)SolunaSamuel WaermöOctobarArashi singles chronology Monster (2010) To Be Free (2010) Love Rainbow (2010) To Be Free is a song recorded by Japanese boy band Arashi. It was released on 7 July 2010 through their record label J Storm. To Be Free was the CM song for the Asahi Soft Drinks Mitsuya Cider commercial…

نظام ويندوز الفرعي للينكسمعلومات عامةنوع مكون في نظام تشغيل مايكروسوفت ويندوز النظام الفرعي البيئي نظام التشغيل ويندوز 10ويندوز 11 النموذج المصدري حقوق التأليف والنشر محفوظة المطورون مايكروسوفت المدونة الرسمية devblogs.microsoft.com… (الإنجليزية) موقع الويب learn.microsoft.com… (الإنجليزية…

Form of primary legislation in Wales This article is about the lower form of legislation of the National Assembly for Wales between 1999 and 2011. For the higher form of primary legislation, known as Acts of the Assembly, and later of the Senedd from 2020, see Act of Senedd Cymru. The Royal Badge of Wales appears on Assembly Measures[1] A Measure of the National Assembly for Wales (informally, an Assembly Measure) is primary legislation in Wales that is a category lower than an Act of Pa…

This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1948 Louisiana Democratic gubernatorial primary ← 1944 February 24, 1948 1952 →   Nominee Earl Long Sam H. Jones Party Democratic Democratic Alliance Longite Anti-Long Popular vote 432,528 …

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya