Utilitarianisme negatif
Utilitarianisme negatif adalah salah satu bentuk etika konsekuensialisme yang berpandangan bahwa secara moral, orang harus bertindak terutama untuk meminimalisir penderitaan, dan setelah itu memaksimalkan jumlah kebahagiaan. Etika ini adalah sebuah versi utilitarianisme yang memberikan prioritas lebih besar pada pengurangan penderitaan (utilitas negatif atau “disutility”) dibandingkan meningkatkan kesenangan (utilitas positif).[1] Hal ini berbeda dengan utilitarianisme klasik yang tidak menyatakan bahwa mengurangi penderitaan secara intrinsik lebih penting daripada meningkatkan kebahagiaan. Kedua versi utilitarianisme ini berpendapat bahwa tindakan yang benar dan salah secara moral bergantung sepenuhnya pada konsekuensi terhadap kesejahteraan secara keseluruhan.[2]
Referensi
- ^ For example, Leslie 1998: "'Negative utilitarianism' is concerned mainly or entirely with reducing evils rather than with maximizing goods." The example unpleasant experiences is an example based on a hedonistic theory of well-being, according to which pleasant experiences are good for individuals and unpleasant experiences are bad for individuals. But there are other theories of well-being and negative utilitarianism need not adopt a hedonistic theory.
- ^ Bykvist 2009: "The whole family of utilitarian theories is captured by the equation: Utilitarianism = Consequentialism (nothing but the values of outcomes matter for the rightness of actions) + Welfarism (nothing but well-being matters for the value of outcomes)."
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