Yassa

Yassa (juga dikenal sebagai Yasa, Yasaq, Jazag, Zasag dalam bahasa Mongolia: Их Засаг, Ikh Zasag) adalah hukum lisan bangsa Mongol yang diumumkan secara publik di Bukhara oleh Genghis Khan. Ini menjadi hukum de facto Kekaisaran Mongol, meskipun "hukum" ini tetap dirahasiakan dan tidak pernah dibuat publik. Yassa tampaknya berasal dari dekret-dekret perang, yang kemudian dikodifikasi dan diperluas untuk mencakup norma-norma budaya dan gaya hidup. Dengan menjaga Yassa tetap rahasia, dekret-dekret tersebut dapat dimodifikasi dan digunakan secara selektif. Dipercayai bahwa Genghis Khan sendiri dan saudara tirinya Shikhikhutag, yang saat itu menjadi hakim tertinggi (dalam bahasa Mongolia: улсын их заргач) Kekaisaran Mongol, mengawasi Yassa. Genghis Khan menunjuk putra keduanya, Chagatai (Chagatai Khan), untuk mengawasi pelaksanaan hukum tersebut.

Sumber

  • Lamb, Harold (1927). Genghis Khan: The Emperor of All Men. Garden City Publishing.
  • Vernadsky, George: "The Mongols and Russia," Yale University Press, 1953, page 102
  • Vernadsky, George: "The Scope and Content of Chingis Khan's Yasa." Printed in Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Volume 3, 1938, pages 337-360
  • Akner, Grigor of, History of the Nation of Archers, previously attributed to Maghak'ia the Monk. The Armenian text with English translation by Robert Blake and Richard Frye printed in vol. 12 of the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies #3-4 (1949) pp. 269–443
  • Bar Hebraeus (Abul-Faraj), Makhtbhanuth Zabhne, Chronicon, the second portion, Chronicon Ecclesiastical. The current edition of the Chronicon Ecclesiasticum is by Jean Baptiste Abbeloos and Thomas Joseph Lamy, Syriac text, Latin translation.
  • Gibb, H.A.R. trans. and ed. (1958), The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354 (Volumes 1–3), London: Hakluyt Society. Gibb, H.A.R.; Beckingham, C.F. trans. and eds. (1994), The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354 (Volume 4), London: Hakluyt Society, ISBN 978-0-904180-37-4.
  • Areveltsi, Vardan(or Vardang), Havakumn Patmutsyun (Historical Compilation) at the Matenadaran in Yerevan, Armeni
  • Hamdani, (Rashid al-Din Hamadani) Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles')
  • Juvayni (Juvaini) (Ala Ad Din Ata Malik Juvayni), Tarikh-i Jahangushay (History of the World Conqueror)
  • Mirhond (or Mirkhwand (byname of Muḥammad Ibn Khāvandshāh Ibn Maḥmūd), Rowzat oṣ-ṣafāʾ (Eng. trans. begun as History of the Early Kings of Persia, 1832
  • Maqrizi (by name of Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Muhammad al-Maqrizi (1364 – 1442), The History of the Ayyubit and Mameluke Rulers, translated into French by E Quatremére (2 vols. Paris, 1837–1845)
  • Ayalon, D. "The Great Yasa of Chingiz Khan: a re-examination." A, Studia Islamica 33 (1971): 97–140.
  • Morgan, D.O. "The 'Great Yasa of Chingiz Khan' and Mongol law in the Ilkhanate." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49/1 (1986): 163–176.

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