^Benjamin، Bernard (1993). The analysis of mortality and other actuarial statistics. England, Institute of Actuaries,: Oxford. ISBN:0521077494.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
^S، KATZ؛ FORD A B؛ MOSKOWITZ R W؛ JACKSON B A؛ JAFFE M W (1963). "STUDIES OF ILLNESS IN THE AGED. THE INDEX OF ADL: A STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION". Journal of the American Medical Association. ج. 185: 914. DOI:10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016.
