Maldives was turned into a Sultanate in 1153 when the Buddhist King Dhovemi converted to Islam. Prior to that the Maldives was a Buddhist Kingdom, a Hindu Kingdom and before that a matriarchal society with each atoll ruled by a chief queen according to some accounts or by others, several theocratic societies ruled by priests known as Sawamias of heliolatric, selenolatric and astrolatric religions. All the rulers before King Koimala only ruled over parts of the Maldives or Deeva Maari (and Dheeva Mahal) as it was known then. Koimala was the first king to rule over all the islands of the Maldives as we know today and the island of Maliku.
The formal title of the Sultan up to 1965 was, Sultan of Land and Sea, Lord of the twelve-thousand islands and Sultan of the Maldives which came with the style Highness. After independence in 1965 the Sultan assumed the title King with the style Majesty. This style was used until 1968, when the Maldives became a republic for the second time. The main official Royal residence of the Sultan was the Etherekoilu, a palace in Malé.
The reigns of Sultans are from three sources. Taarikh (also known as the Tarikh lslam Diba Mahal) by Maldivian chronicler Hasan Taj Al-Din (died in 1727) written in Arabic which covers 670 years of Maldives history, the loamaafaanu copper plates and the third source called Raadhavalhi which was written in 1757 using both Dhives Akuru and Thaana.
The 7 dynasties of Maldives
1. Theemugu dynasty
2. Umaru veeru dynasty
3. Hilai dynasty
4. Utheem dynasty
5. Isdhoo dynasty
6. Dhiyamili dynasty
7. Hura dynasty
The Mapanansa,[2] the copper plates on which the history of the Kings of Solar Dynasty was written were lost quite early on.
A 4th century notice written by Ammianus Marcellinus (362 CE) speaks of gifts sent to the Roman emperor Julian by a deputation from the nation of "Divi". The name "Divi" is very similar to "Dheyvi" who were the first settlers of Maldives.[2]
Srimati Damahara
mid-tenth cent.
mid-tenth cent.
Last ruler of the Solar Dynasty. It is unclear from the records how many other rulers ruled between the reigns of King Sri Srudasarunaditya and Queen Damahara. Married Prince Sri Baladitya from the Kalinga kingdom who later became the first king of the Lunar Dynasty. Al-Jawaliqi, writing in 1135 CE looking at earlier records,[3] describes a queen of Maldives named "Danhara" ruling on an island called "Abannba".[4]
Prince from Kalinga kingdom of India. Married Queen Damahara of the Solar dynasty to become the ruler of Dheeva Maari. Early during his reign King Rajaraja I of Chola captured the northern atolls Minicoy and Thiladhummathi. Although some sources indicate the start of the reign as when Rajaraja I invaded Maldives, a Chinese document from the Tang dynasty, records the visits of people from Mo-lai (Maldives) to China bringing with them gifts from their king, Che-p'o-lo-ti-to (Sri Balāditya) in 658 CE and also in 662 CE.[5] The king mentioned must have been a king of the Solar dynasty.
Sri Laukabarana
11th cent.
11th cent.
King of the Lunar dynasty. He is son or grandson of Queen Damahara. His name is alternatively written as Sri Loaka Abaaruna.
Sri Maha Sandura
~11th cent.
unknown
Son of King Laukabarana. He had a daughter Princess Kamanhaar (also known as Kamanaar or Rehendihaar), who was banished to the island then called Is-Midu (Addu Meedhoo today). With her she took the Mapanansa, the copper plates in which the history of the kings of Solar dynasty was written. The Mapanansa were later buried by a certain Al-Muhaddith Hassan, and this is why such little information survived about the Solar dynasty.[2]
Sri Bovana Ananda
unknown
before 1117
Son of King Laukabarana and brother of King Maha Sandura. He is the father of King Koimala.
Lunar or Homa or Theemuge Dynasty[6] (1117-1388, 271 years)
Reigned as a Buddhist until 1153. Son of Henevi Maava Kilege, sister of Koimala. A member of the Soma or Homa (Lunar) dynasty. Converted to Islam in 1153, assumed the title Sultan and founded the Theemuge dynasty. He was the famous Dharumavantha Radun[2] or the Benevolent King.
Husband of Sultana Raadhafathi. Son of Kaeumani Kaulhanna Kilege.[3] He is from the island of Maakurathu in Raa Atoll hence he is also known as Maakurathu Mohamed Rasgefaan.
Assassinated by his brother Hassan who succeeded him. Son of Golhavahi Aysha Rani Kilege and Omar Maafaiy Kilege son of Kalu Mohamed and Aysha Rani Kilege daughter of Korari Kilege therefore grandson of Sultan Kalu Mohamed
Brother of Mohamed III He was the first Maldivian and only member of its royalty to renounce Islam and convert to Christianity. He was deposed upon conversion, and known subsequently by the Lusitanian name of Dom Manoel.
Maldives ruled by Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheemu after he assassinated Andiri Andirin, the regent of King Dom Manoel. As per a treaty he got refuge from Ali Raja of Cannanore, Mohamed Thakurufan's base of operation was Minicoy under the sovereignty of Cannanore. Keteeb Mohamed Thakurufan did not honour this promise. The Ali Raja demanded dominion over the Maldives, as promised to him by the Kateeb of Uteem. The nature of the relationship between Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and the Ali Raja of Cannanore was outlined in a letter sent by a later Ali Raja, Mariambe Ali-Adi Raja Bibi, to the Sultan Mohamed Mueenuddine I of the Maldives. The letter was dated Friday 17 Jamada-el-oula Anno Hegirae 1243 (7 December AD 1827). According to the letter Mohamed Thakurufan had entered into a treaty ceding sovereignty of the Maldives to the Ali Raja of Cannanore in the event Thakurufan was established in power in Male. (refer page 294 of Divehi Tarikh).
Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan concluded a Treaty with King Dom Manoel in order to ward off the Ali Raja of Cannanore with whose help the Kateeb seized power in Male.
Under the treaty Dom Manoel was restored but remained in Goa. The co-regents were Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheem and his brother Hassan Thakurufan. The Kateeb conferred on himself the title of Sultan in 1583 upon Dom Manoel's death. This was in breach of the Treaty and was not legally binding.
Son of King Manoel, who remained in Goa. He had two brothers, Dom Francisco and Dom Pedro. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and his brother Hassan Thakurufan ruled for King Dom João as co-regents. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan assumed the title of Sultan following the death of King Dom Manoel. He married a Portuguese Christian noblewoman, Donna Francisca Vasconelles and had two children Dom Philippe and Dona Inez. Ibrahim, also known as Kalaafaan[12] (literally "Lord") was the de facto Sultan, but legally the regent of Kings Dom João and Dom Philippe who resided in Goa. He reigned from 1585 to 1609. Son of Mohamed Thakurufan, Kateeb of Utheemu and Rehendiye Goyye daughter of Cat Fatima of Boarhi Woods in Baarah Ibrahim Kalaafaan was the regent at the time of François Pyrard de Laval's[12] detainment in the Maldives after the shipwreck.
Son of King Dom João and Donna Francisca Vasconelles
Al-Amira Kuda Kalu Kamanafaanu acted as regent from 1607 until 1609.
She was the daughter of Hassan Thakurufaan and Sitti Maryam Maavaa Kuda Kamanafaanu Rani Kilege, daughter of Sultan Ali VI, Sultan of the Maldives, by his wife, Princess Aisha Kabafa'anu, daughter of Sultan Kalu Mohamed[5] Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege acted as regent from 1609 to 1620. Muhammad Imaduddin I acted as regent from 1620 to 1632. De-recognised in the Maldives after an abortive expedition with Portuguese assistance in order to abolish regency and assume power.
Married Mariyam Kan'baafaanu who was the widow of Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine
Arab mentor of Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine He first visited Male during the reign of Ibrahim Iskandar I. He was probably poisoned to death. He coutured the re-establishment of the Islamic Penal code held by the previous Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine and assigned Scholars to teach in Mosques. In his Sultanate Maldives was very peaceful and citizens became educated and religious. (refer page 67 to 69 of Divehi Tarikh)
First Sultan of the Dhevvadhoo dynasty[14] Popularly known as Dhevvadhoo Rasgefaanu,[15] son of Ali Mafahaiy Kilege of Dhevvadhoo and Kakuni Dio[3] Sultan Mohamed IV was married to Khadheeja Kanba daughter of Ibrahim Shah Bandar of Isdhoo (Isdhoo Bodu Velaanaa Thakurufaan) Devvadhoo Rasgefaan or Sultan Muahmmadh Ali V was grandson of Al Gazi Muhammad Shamsuddeen. He himself served as Chief Justice prior to Sultan. Devvadhoo Rasgefaan appointed the chronicler Hassan Thaajuddeen as his Chief Justice.[13]
Held captive on Kavaratti island from 1752 until his death in 1757. In 1752 he was seized by the Ali Raja of Cannanore and transported to Kavaratti island in the Laccadives. Male was occupied. The occupation was ended by Muleegey Don Hassan Maniku. The sultan died in captivity. During this time Maldives was ruled by the captive sultan's niece Amina I of Maldives and his daughter Amina II. The de facto regent was Muleegey Don Hassan Maniku.
Amina assumed the role of the ruler of Maldives in 1753 after Male was recaptured from the Malabars after 17 weeks of occupation. She was the daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II and Aisha Manikfan. She abdicated the throne and moved to Addu Atoll in the south. She was later banished to various islands and eventually became the Ruler of Maldives for the second time as the regent during the reign of her younger brother Sultan Mohamed Ghiyasuddin in 1773.
Amina succeeded her cousin in 1754 as nominal regent for her absent father the age of nine, while Muleegey Hassan Manikfaan managed the political affairs as de facto regent. Her father died in 1757 in Minicoy, after which she formally became monarch and queen regnant. In 1759 Sultan Hassan Izzuddin became monarch in absentia of Dhiyamigili Sultan.
Sultan in absentia until the return of Dhiyamigili heir Giyath al-Din
Ascended after hearing news of Sultan Muhammadh Imaduddin III's demise to fill the throne in absentia of Dhiyamigili heir to throne who was held captive by Ali Raja.[20] Abdicated throne to Sultan Muhammadh Ghiyath al-Din on his return and died on 2 February 1767.[20]
Also known as Muleegey Don Hassan Maniku or Don Bandaara
Don Bandaara was son of Amina Dio daughter of Mohamed Kateeb of island Muli of Maldives and Huraa Mohamed Faamuladeyri Thakurufan (from the island of Huraa).
Son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II of Dhiyamigili Dynasty also known as Muhammadh Manikfaan.
Also known as Haajee Bandaarain
Muhammadh Shams al-Din (later Sultan Muhammadh Shams al-Din Iskandar II) seized the throne when Sultan Ghiyath al-Din was on Hajj.[8]
Unaware of seizure of throne Ghiyath al-Din returned from Hajj and was killed during the reign of Huraa dynasty Sultan Muhammadh Mu'izz al-Din who is also known as Kalhu Bandaara. The last remaining heir of Dhiyamigili Prince Abdulla was banished to Fuvahmulah at the age of seven.[21]
Ascended after seizing throne from Dhiyamigili Dynasty
1774
Seized the throne when Sultan Ghiyath al-Din was on Hajj.[8][22] Ascended throne after an armed confrontation with Dhiyamigili dynasty supporters.[20][22]
After becoming the Sultan he looted and banished the aides of Sultan Ghiyath al-Din to various islands and seized the properties of Sultan Ghiyath al-Din.[22]
Son of Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din who reigned in absentia for the return of Dhiyamigili heir Ghiyath al-Din.[20] Sultan Ghiyath al-Din of Dhiyamigili dynasty was killed after he returned from Hajj in October 1774 during Sultan Muhammadh Mu'izz al-Din's reign.[22]
When Sultan Ghiyath al-Din of Dhiyamigili dynasty returned after Hajj during Sultan Muhammadh Mu'izz al-Din's reign, instead of bringing Sultan Ghiyath al-Din to Male', he was killed by attaching weights to his feet and throwing overboard into the sea.[22] The last remaining heir of Dhiyamigili Prince Abdulla was banished to Fuvahmulah at the age of seven.[21] Sultan Muhammadh Mu'izz al-Din is popularly known as Kalhu Bandaarain.
Sultan Muhammadh Mu'izz al-Din married Aminath Manikfaan from Addu, great-granddaughter of Isdhoo Dynasty Sultan Hassan X (Also known as Addu Hassan Manikfan[17])[23]
Sultan Hassan Nooradeen I married Aishath Manikfaan from Addu, great-granddaughter of Isdhoo Dynasty Sultan Hassan X (Also known as Addu Hassan Manikfan[17])[23]
His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. The regent abdicated in his name in favour of his older half brother.
His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. His cousin abdicated in his name and assumed the throne himself.
Abdul Majeed Didi was elected Sultan but continued to live in Ceylon. Maldives ruled by Council of Regency headed for a time by former Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II.
Grandson of Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen II and eldest son of Sultan Abdul Majeed Didi took the title of King Muhammad Fareed Didi in 1965 when the British protectorate of the Maldives ended. Deposed by a national referendum which decided to replace the sultanate with a republic.
^Mohamed, Naseema (2002). "Pre-Islamic Maldives"(PDF). Man and Environment Journal of the Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies. 27 (1) – via National Centre for Linguistic and Historical Research.
^ abShareef, Rozy (10 July 2013). "އައްޑޫ ރަދުންނަކީ ކާކު؟" [Who is Addu's King?]. Addu Live. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Tanjung Sheridan – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Peta Tanjung Sheridan dan Laut Lincoln . Tanjung Sheridan adalah sebuah tanjung yang terletak di pantai timur laut dari Pulau Ellesmere, …
Bagian dari upacara Pergantian Penjaga di Whitehall, London. Ritual adalah istilah umum yang merujuk kepada rangkaian kegiatan berupa gerakan, nyanyian, doa, dan bacaan, menggunakan perlengkapan, baik dilakukan secara sendirian maupun bersama-sama, dipimpin oleh seseorang.[1] Ritual dilaksanakan dalam rangka menjalin hubungan secara transendental dengan sesuatu yang dianggap sebagai Yang Maha Kuasa. Biasanya, ritual terangkai dalam berbagai bentuk simbolis di dalam pelaksanaannya dan jug…
Ford Ranger (T6)InformasiProdusenFord Motor CompanyMasa produksi2011–sekarangPerakitanRayong, Thailand (AAT)Silverton, South Africa Buenos Aires, Argentina (Ford Argentina)Bodi & rangkaKelasTruk pikapBentuk kerangka2-door single cab2-door extended cab4-door double cabTata letakMesin depan, penggerak roda belakang/4WDMobil terkaitMazda BT-50JMC YuhuPenyalur dayaMesin2.5 L Duratec 25 I4 (bensin)2.2 L Duratorq I4 (diesel)3.2 L Duratorq I5 (diesel)Transmisi5-speed manual6-speed automatic6…
Komando Distrik Militer 1014Lambang Kodam XII TanjungpuraNegara IndonesiaAliansiKorem 102/Panju PanjungCabangTNI Angkatan DaratTipe unitKodimPeranSatuan TeritorialBagian dariKodam XII/TanjungpuraMakodimPangkalan Bun, Kalimantan TengahJulukanKodim 1014/PbnPelindungTentara Nasional IndonesiaBaret H I J A U TokohKomandanLetkol Arh. Drajat Tri PutroKepala StafMayor Komando Distrik Militer 1014/Pangkalan Bun atau Kodim 1014/Pbn merupakan salah satu Kodim di jajaran Korem 102/Panju Panj…
Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …
Not to be confused with ISSN. Unique numeric book identifier since 1970 International Standard Book NumberA 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar codeAcronymISBNOrganisationInternational ISBN AgencyIntroduced1970; 54 years ago (1970)[1]No. of digits13 (formerly 10)Check digitWeighted sumExample978-3-16-148410-0Websiteisbn-international.org The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier that is …
Untuk nama pabrik gula di Indonesia, lihat Industri Gula Nusantara. IGN Entertainment, Inc.Tangkapan layarJenis usahaDivisi dari j2 GlobalBahasaInggris, Jerman, Swedia, Arab, Mandarin, Belanda, Italia, Spanyol, Denmark, Finlandia, Norwegia, Yunani dan RusiaDidirikanSeptember 1996MarkasSan Francisco, California, Amerika SerikatPemilikZiff DavisPendiriJonathan Simpson-BintTokoh pentingDamon Johnson (General Manager) Peer Schneider (Senior Vice President untuk konten dan penerbitan)SektorJurna…
David Kurnia AlbertLahirDavid Kurnia Albert Dorfel11 Juli 1981 (umur 42)bandung, Jawa barat, IndonesiaPekerjaanPemusikpenyanyipenulis laguTahun aktif2004 - sekarangSuami/istriGracia Indri (m. 2014; c. 2018)[1]Karier musikGenrePop rockrock alternatifrock elektronikInstrumenKiborpianopenyintesisArtis terkaitNoahSitus webwww.noah-site.com David Kurnia Albert Dorfel (lahir 11 Juli 1981) adalah salah seorang pemain kibor dari grup …
Main entrance of Fort Pilar with the historical marker in Zamboanga City This list of historical markers installed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) in Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX) is an annotated list of people, places, or events in the region that have been commemorated by cast-iron plaques issued by the said commission. The plaques themselves are permanent signs installed in publicly visible locations on buildings, monuments, or in special locations. While man…
Untuk pemain kriket India, lihat Pritam Chakraborty (pemain kriket). Pritam ChakrabortyPritam di Penghargaan Akademi Musik India Global ke-5, 2015Nama asalপ্রীতম চক্রবর্তীLahir14 Juni 1971 (umur 52)[1][2]Kolkata, Bengal Barat, IndiaTempat tinggalMumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaKebangsaanIndiaPendidikanKolese KepresidenanAlmamaterInstitut Film dan Televisi IndiaPekerjaan Komponis Pengarah Musik Penyanyi Produser Rekaman Instrumentalis Kota as…
Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai entri Wikipedia.Bantulah untuk mengembangkan artikel ini. Jika tidak dikembangkan, artikel ini akan dihapus. Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Balok tarik – berita · surat kabar · buku…
Grand Prix Inggris 2016Detail lombaLomba ke 12 dari 18Grand Prix Sepeda Motor musim 2016Tanggal4 September 2016Nama resmiOcto British Grand Prix[1][2][3]LokasiSilverstone CircuitSirkuitFasilitas balapan permanen5.900 km (3.700 mi)MotoGPPole positionPembalap Cal Crutchlow HondaCatatan waktu 2:19.265 Putaran tercepatPembalap Maverick Viñales SuzukiCatatan waktu 2:02.339 di lap 2 PodiumPertama Maverick Viñales SuzukiKedua Cal Crutchlow HondaKetiga Val…
Lambang kota Eichenbühl adalah kotamadya di Distrik Miltenberg, Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken, Bayern, Jerman. Geografi Eichenbühl terletak di Bayerischer Untermain, sekitar 5 km di timur Miltenberg di Geo-Naturpark Bergstraße-Odenwald. Terdapat sejumlah ortsteil di Eichenbühl, seperti Guggenberg, Heppdiel, Pfohlbach, Riedern dan Windischbuchen. Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Eichenbühl. lbsKota dan kotamadya di MiltenbergAltenbuch | Amorbach | Bürgstadt | Co…
Untuk ayahnya yang bernama sama, lihat G.C.E. van Daalen (1836-1889). Artikel ini sudah memiliki daftar referensi, bacaan terkait, atau pranala luar, tetapi sumbernya belum jelas karena belum menyertakan kutipan pada kalimat. Mohon tingkatkan kualitas artikel ini dengan memasukkan rujukan yang lebih mendetail bila perlu. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) G.C.E. van DaalenBiografiKelahiran23 Maret 1863 Kota Makassar Kematian22 Februari 1930 (66 tahun)Den Haag …
Bendera Afrika Selatan dikibarkan setengah tiang untuk memperingati hari berkabung nasional atas meninggalnya Nelson Mandela Bendera setengah tiang (bahasa Inggris: Half Mast) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menyebut kegiatan pengibaran bendera yang dikibarkan di tengah-tengah tiang. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bentuk penghormatan, berkabung, dan/atau kemalangan.[1] Asal muasal Tradisi mengibarkan bendera setengah tiang telah diketahui dilakukan sejak abad ke-17.[2] Tindak…
Jepang DaratanNama lokal: 内地Paspor untuk penumpang antara Jepang Daratan dan Okinawa selama 1952–1972.GeografiLokasiJepangKependudukanKelompok etnikSuku JepangSuku AinuSuku Ryukyu Jepang Daratan (内地code: ja is deprecated , naichi, har. daratan dalam) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk membedakan area daratan inti Jepang dari wilayah-wilayah di sekitarnya. Istilah ini biasanya digunakan untuk membedakan empat pulau terbesar di negara ini (Hokkaidō, Honshū, Kyūshū dan Shikoku) dari …
Bunga salju Koch mempunyai kemiripan diri sendiri pada saat memperbesarnya berulang secara tak terhingga. Dalam matematika, kemiripan diri sendiri (Inggris: self-similaritycode: en is deprecated ) pada objek merupakan sifat yang terdapat objek yang sebangun dengannya. Dengan kata lain, keseluruhan pada objek mempunyai satu bagian atau lebih yang mirip dengannya. Banyak objek-objek di kehidupan nyata memiliki sifat yang mirip terhadap dirinya sendiri secara statistik, dalam artian bagian-bagianny…
The Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE) was an Sunni Muslim kingdom that ruled the Deccan Plateau in Southern India.[1] Maximum expansion of Bahmani Sultanate The kingdom came to power in 1347 CE, when it was established by Zafar Khan. The Bahmani Sultanate shared border with neighboring rival Vijayanagara Empire.[2] The Sultanate would begin its decline under the reign of Mahmood Shah. In 1518, the Bahmani Sultanate split up into the Deccan sultanates, ending its 180-year rule…
Katedral Campo LimpoKatedral Santo Yudas TadeusKatedral Campo LimpoLokasiCampo LimpoNegaraBrasilDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaArsitekturStatusKatedralStatus fungsionalAktifAdministrasiKeuskupanKeuskupan Campo Limpo Katedral Campo Limpo yang bernama resmi Katedral Santo Yudas Tadeus adalah sebuah gereja katedral Katolik yang terletak di Campo Limpo, Brasil. Katedral ini merupakan pusat kedudukan dan takhta bagi Keuskupan Campo Limpo.[1] Lihat juga Keuskupan Campo Limpo Gereja Katolik Roma …
Red-tailed black shark Epalzeorhynchos bicolor A red-tailed black sharkStatus konservasiTerancam kritisIUCN7807 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasActinopteriOrdoCypriniformesFamiliCyprinidaeGenusEpalzeorhynchosSpesiesEpalzeorhynchos bicolor Smith, 1931 Tata namaSinonim takson Labeo bicolor Smith, 1931 DistribusiEndemikThailand lbs Hiu hitam ekor merah ( Epalzeorhynchos bicolor ; syn. Labeo bicolor ), atau hiu ekor merah saja dalah spesies ikan air tawar dalam keluarga ikan mas, Cyp…