Polls on determining the bankability of movie stars
The Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll were polls on determining the bankability of movie stars. They began quite early in the movie history. At first, they were popular polls and contests conducted in film magazines, where the readers would vote for their favorite stars, like the poll published in New York Morning Telegraph on 17 December 1911.[1] Magazines appeared and disappeared often and among the most consistent in those early days were the polls in the Motion Picture Magazine.
Though this and numerous other magazines, like Photoplay, continued with this type of poll, the standards for the polling were set by the Quigley Publishing Company. They published a poll, which became known as the "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll", from a questionnaire sent to movie exhibitors every year between 1915 and 2013 by Quigley Publishing Company.[2] The list was based on a poll of movie theater owners, who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 money-making stars. The Top 10 Poll, which appeared annually in Quigley's Motion Picture Herald and The Motion Picture Almanac, was long regarded as one of the most reliable barometers of a movie star's box-office power, as film exhibitors base their decisions on one economic criterion: those stars who will bring patrons into their theaters.
For the 1915–1924 period, the list was compiled from 200,000 exhibitor reports, published in the "What the Picture Did for Me" department in 520 weekly editions of the Exhibitors Herald magazine. The first version of the questionnaire, specifically made for the exhibitors to vote for the money-makers, was used from 1925 to 1931. It included voting for both the box office films and the stars. A standardized questionnaire specifically for choosing the biggest box office stars was used after 1933.[2]
In addition to the top ten stars for that year, the Quigley Poll would commonly list the next 15 stars as well. A sample of these, including some of the predecessors' lists, are below:
Additional listings for 1928: 26) Joan Crawford, 27) Buck Jones, 28) Gary Cooper, 29) Janet Gaynor and George Bancroft (tied), 31) John Barrymore and Thomas Meighan (tied), 33) Reginald Denny, 34) Greta Garbo and William Boyd (tied), 36) Norma Talmadge
Additional Listings for 1929: 26) Billie Dove, 27) Delores Del Rio and Douglas Fairbanks (tied), 29) Harold Lloyd, 30) Mary Pickford and John Boles (tied)
Additional Listings for 1932: 26) Robert Montgomery, 27) James Cagney, 28) Frederic March, 29) Jack Holt, 30) Ruth Chatterton, 31) Buck Jones and Buster Keaton (tied), 33) Johnny Weissmuller, 34) Lew Ayres, 35) Sylvia Sidney, 36) John Barrymore and Polly Moran (tied), 38) Winnie Lightner and Tom Mix (tied), 40) Ralph Graves, Boris Karloff and Ramon Novarro (tied), 43) Joan Blondell, Douglas Fairbanks Jr. and Ann Harding (tied)
Additional listings for 1933: 26) Sally Eilers, 27) George O’Brien, 28) Ann Harding, 29) Marlene Dietrich, 30) Greta Garbo, 31) Richard Barthelmess, 32) John Barrymore, 33) Buck Jones and Paul Muni (tied), 35) James Dunn, 36) Marion Davies, 37) Ruby Keeler, 38) Spencer Tracy, 39) Tom Mix, 40) Clara Bow and Kay Francis (tied), 42) Claudette Colbert, 43) Joan Blondell, 44) Laurel and Hardy, 45) Barbara Stanwyck, 46) Walter Huston, 47) Constance Bennett and Gary Cooper (tied), 49) Irene Dunne, 50) Richard Dix, Jack Holt and George Raft (tied), 53) Charles Farrell, 54) Charles Ruggles and Ruth Chatterton (tied), 55) Ronald Coleman, 56) Sylvia Sidney, 57) Katherine Hepburn, Ken Maynard and Randolph Scott (tied), 60) Jack Oakie, 61) Loretta Young, 62) Ramon Novarro and Dick Powell (tied), 64) Harold Lloyd, 65) Marion Nixon, 66) Leslie Howard and Tom Keene (tied), 86) Kate Smith
Additional Listings for 1934: 26) Robert Montgomery and William Powell (tied), 28) Lee Tracy, 29) Greta Garbo and Ann Harding (tied), 31) George O’Brien, 32) W.C. Fields, 33) Joan Blondell, 34) Ginger Rogers, 35) Ken Maynard, 36) Edward G. Robinson and Myrna Loy (tied), 38) Spencer Tracy, 39) Ruby Keeler, 40) The Marx Brothers, James Dunn and Laurel & Hardy, 43) Al Jolson, 44) Richard Dix, 45) Dick Powell & Ruby Keeler (team) and George Raft (tied), 47) Irene Dunne, 48) Zasu Pitts and Gary Cooper (tied), 50) Randolph Scott, 51) Johnny Weissmuller and John Boles (tied), 53) Jackie Cooper and Sylvia Sidney (tied), 55) Jack Holt, 56) Delores Del Rio, Marlene Dietrich, Charles Ruggles and John Barrymore (tied), 60) Charles Farrell, 61) John Wayne and Jack Oakie (tied), 63) Claudette Colbert & Clark Gable (team), 64) Constance Bennett, 65) Slim Summerville, Clara Bow and Richard Barthelmess (tied), 66) Paul Muni, Lilian Harvey and Barbara Stanwyck (tied), 69) Leslie Howard and Tim McCoy (tied) 96) Maurice Chevalier
Additional listings for 1935: 26) Pat O’Brien, 27) George O’Brien, 28) Eddie Cantor, 29) Robert Montgomery, 30) Wheeler and Woolsey, 31) Gary Cooper, 32) George Raft, 33) Myrna Loy, 34) Jane Withers, 35) Jeanette MacDonald, 36) George Arliss, 37) Kay Francis, 38) Richard Dix and Hoot Gibson (tied), 40) Joan Blondell, 41) Charles Laughton, 42) Joe Penner, 43) Greta Garbo and Paul Muni (tied), 45) Randolph Scott, Al Jolson, and James Cagney & Pat O’Brien (tied), 48) Lionel Barrymore, 49) Boris Karloff and Loretta Young (tied), 51) John Boles, 52) Tim McCoy and Jackie Cooper (tied), 54) Ken Maynard, 55) John Wayne, 56) Marion Davies, 57) Laurel & Hardy (team) and James Dunn (tied), 59) Warner Oland, 60) Charles Ruggles, 61) Edward G. Robinson, 62) Irene Dunne and Jack Oakie, 64) Jeanette MadDonald & Nelson Eddy (team), 65) Robert Donat, 66) Jean Parker and Guy Kibbee (tied), 68) Margaret Sullavan, Zasu Pitts, and Ronald Colman (tied), 71) Jack Holt, May Robson and Warren William (tied), 74) Sylvia Sidney, 75) Edmund Lowe and Spencer Tracy (tied), 77) Anne Shirley and Bette Davis (tied), 79) Edward Arnold, 80) Nelson Eddy, Miriam Hopkins, Robert Taylor, Freddie Bartholomew and Alice Faye (tied)
The Motion Picture Herald published a similar list for the UK, listing the most popular stars at the British box office, including the most popular British stars.
In 1938 a list was published of stars who were considered "box office poison" by exhibitors. The list was from Harry Brandt of the Independent Theater Owners Association.[155]
In 1968 Variety magazine published a list of ten stars it considered overpriced. The stars charged at least $250,000 a film and had at least four flops in a row recently:[156][157]
^ abcdef Top 10 lists for 1926–1929 were retroactively recalculated using new methodology, hence a discrepancies between the Top 10 and the Top 25 lists for 1927–1929
^NELSON B. BELL (Aug 8, 1932). "ABOUT THE SHOWSHOPS". The Washington Post. p. 12.
^"The Screen's Ten Best Money-Making Stars -- Max Baer Arrives This Afternoon: Dressler Wins At Box Office A Second Time Many Surprises in Voting; Baer Coming With Act; New Week's Bills". The Washington Post. Jan 5, 1934. p. 16.
^Schallert, Edwin (Dec 9, 1934). "STARS' BOX-OFFICE RATINGS FOR PAST SEASON GIVEN: Survey Shows Sophisticates Slipping Fast Will Rogers Tops All; Shirley Temple and Crosby Shoot Up". Los Angeles Times. p. A1.
^"Mickey Rooney Tops List Three Times in a Row: Leads Money-Making Stars Again in 1941; Hollywood Luminaries Pay Capital a Visit; Items of News and Gossip of the Theater". The Washington Post. January 2, 1942. p. 18.
^"Bud and Lou Top List of Film Star Earnings in 1942". Chicago Daily Tribune. December 26, 1942. p. 11 – via ProQuest Historical Newspapers.
^Schallert, Edwin (Dec 25, 1943). "DRAMA AND FILM: Pin-Up Betty Grable Top Box-Office Star Scarcity of Women in 'Best' List Noted; Bob Hope Climbs Steadily, Hits Second". Los Angeles Times. p. A8.
^Tracy Stevens, ed. (2001). International Motion Picture Almanac 2001, 72nd edition – QP Top ten money-makers poll. Larchmont, New York: Quigley Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN0-900610-67-0.
^Tracy Stevens, ed. (2002). International Motion Picture Almanac 2002, 73rd edition – QP Top ten money-makers poll. Larchmont, New York: Quigley Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN0-900610-69-7.
^"MISS GRABLE VOTED LEADING 1943 STAR: Takes Motion Picture Herald's Box-Office Championship -Bob Hope Is Second". New York Times. Dec 25, 1943. p. 19.
^Nelson B. Bell (Dec 15, 1934). "A British Poll Determines Surprising Ratings of Plays and Players Aboard: Many Reversals Appear in Toll Of Big Ballot Many Favorites Rank Low; New Film for Keith's; Amusement Notes. Reprinted From Yesterday's Last Edition". The Washington Post. p. 7.
^"FILM WORLD". The West Australian (SECOND ed.). Perth. 28 February 1947. p. 20. Retrieved 8 October 2014 – via National Library of Australia.
^"RISE IN POPULARITY OF BRITISH FILMS AND ACTORS: James Mason and Margaret Lockwood Head Poll Our London Staff". The Manchester Guardian. Apr 11, 1947. p. 6.
^"Of Local Origin". New York Times. Dec 31, 1948. p. 11.
^"The Dam Busters". The Times. London, England. 29 December 1955.
^"The Most Popular Film Star In Britain". The Times. No. 53708. London, England. Dec 7, 1956. p. 3.
^"BRITISH ACTORS HEAD FILM POLL: BOX-OFFICE SURVEY". The Manchester Guardian. 27 December 1957. p. 3.
^"Year Of Profitable British Films". The Times. London, England. 1 Jan 1960. p. 13 – via The Times Digital Archive.
^"Money-Making Films Of 1962". The Times. London, England. 4 Jan 1963. p. 4 – via The Times Digital Archive.
^Scheuer, Philip K. (Jan 31, 1964). "'Cleo' Returns Put at $15.7 Million: Other Champ Grossers Told; Cliff Richard British Favorite". Los Angeles Times. p. C9.
^Tinee, Mae (Jan 31, 1965). "'Goodbye, Mr. Chips' and a James Bond Story Will Be Made Into Musical Films". Chicago Tribune. p. n12.
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