Joseph Needham
| Joseph Needham | |
|---|---|
| |
| Personlig information | |
| Født | 9. december 1900  London, Storbritannien |
| Død | 24. marts 1995 (94 år) Cambridge, Storbritannien |
| Dødsårsag | Parkinsons sygdom |
| Mor | Alicia Adélaide Needham[1] |
| Ægtefæller | Dorothy M. Needham (1924-1987), Lu Gwei-Djen (1989-1991) |
| Uddannelse og virke | |
| Uddannelsessted | Oundle School, University of Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College |
| Medlem af | Royal Society, National Academy of Sciences (fra 1978), Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Det Kinesiske Videnskabsakademi med flere |
| Beskæftigelse | Sinolog, videnskabshistoriker, historiker, biokemiker, forfatter, filosof |
| Fagområde | Embryologi, sinologi, biokemi |
| Arbejdsgiver | University of Cambridge |
| Elever | Mikuláš Teich |
| Nomineringer og priser | |
| Udmærkelser | Fukuokas pris for asiatisk kultur (1990), George Sarton Medal (1968), Fellow of the Royal Society, prix Stanislas-Julien (1973), John Desmond Bernal-prisen (1984) med flere |
| Information med symbolet hentes fra Wikidata. Kildehenvisninger foreligger sammesteds. | |
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham[2] (9. december 1900 – 24. marts 1995) var en britisk biokemiker, videnskabshistoriker og sinolog, kendt for sin videnskabelige forskning og sine skrifter om historien om kinesisk videnskab og teknologi, hvor han tog initiativ til udgivelsen af det flerbindsværk Science and Civilisation in China. Han gjorde opmærksom på det, der senere er blevet kendt som Needham-spørgsmålet, nemlig hvorfor og hvordan Kina havde opgivet sin førerposition inden for videnskab og teknologi til fordel for vestlige lande.
Han blev valgt til medlem af Royal Society i 1941[3] og til medlem af British Academy i 1971.[4] I 1992 tildelte dronning Elizabeth II ham Order of the Companions of Honour, og Royal Society bemærkede, at han var den eneste nulevende person, der havde alle tre titler.[5]
Bibliografi
- Science, Religion and Reality (1925)
- Man a Machine (1927) Kegan Paul
- Chemical Embryology (1931) C.U.P.
- The Great Amphibium: Four Lectures on the Position of Religion in a World Dominated by Science (1931)
- A History of Embryology (1934, 1959) C.U.P.
- Order and Life The Terry Lectures (1936)
- Biochemistry and Morphogenesis (1942)
- Time: The Refreshing River (Essays and Addresses, 1932–1942) (1943)
- Chinese Science (1945) Pilot Press
- History Is On Our Side (1947)
- Science Outpost; Papers of the Sino-British Science Co-Operation Office (British Council Scientific Office in China) 1942–1946 (1948) Pilot Press
- Science and Civilisation in China (1954–2008...) C.U.P. – 27 volumes to date
- The Grand Titration: Science and Society in East and West (1969) Allen & Unwin
- Within the Four Seas: The Dialogue of East and West (1969)
- Clerks and Craftsmen in China and the West: Lectures and Addresses on the History of Science and Technology (1970) C.U.P.
- Chinese Science: Explorations of an Ancient Tradition (1973) Ed. Shigeru Nakayama, Nathan Sivin. Cambridge : MIT Press
- Moulds of Understanding: A Pattern of Natural Philosophy (1976) Allen & Unwin
- The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China (5 volumes) (1980–95) – an abridgement by Colin Ronan
- Science in Traditional China : A Comparative Perspective (1982)
- The Genius of China (1986) A one-volume distillation by Robert Temple Simon & Schuster
- Heavenly Clockwork : The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China (1986) C.U.P.
- The Hall of Heavenly Records : Korean Astronomical Instruments and Clocks, 1380–1780 (1986) C.U.P.
- A Selection from the Writings of Joseph Needham ed Mansel Davies, The Book Guild 1990
Referencer
- ^ Navnet er anført på engelsk og stammer fra Wikidata hvor navnet endnu ikke findes på dansk.
- ^ GurdonRodbard (2000), s. 365.
- ^ Winchester 2008, s. 28–29
- ^ Winchester 2008, s. 238
- ^ Winchester 2008, s. 250
- Litteratur
- Gurdon, J. B.; Rodbard, Barbara (2000). "Joseph Needham, C.H. 9 December 1900–24 March 1995: Elected F.R.S. 1941". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 46: 365. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0091. JSTOR 770406.
- Winchester, Simon (2008). The Man Who Loved China: The Fantastic Story of the Eccentric Scientist Who Unlocked the Mysteries of the Middle Kingdom. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-088459-8. Published in Great Britain as Bomb, Book and Compass.
- A popular biography characterized by Nathan Siven as a "sniggering biography by a writer who specializes in rollicking tales of English eccentrics" and is "unprepared to deal with [Needham's] historic work." —Sivin, Nathan (2013). "The Needham Question". Oxford Bibliographies.
Eksterne henvisninger
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