Lineær regulator
Indenfor elektronik er en lineær regulator eller linear regulator et elektronisk kredsløb som fungerer som en spændingsregulator, hvis mål fx er at opretholde en konstant udgangsspænding (lineær spændingsregulator) eller konstant udgangsstrøm (lineær strømregulator).[1]





Forudsætningen for at en lineær regulator virker efter hensigten er, at indgangsspændingen altid er højere end udgangsspænding med en vis margen. Regulatorens strømgennemgang varieres så udgangsspændingen er konstant. En bieffekt af reguleringen er er mere eller mindre spildeffekt. Spildeffekten er forskellen mellem udgangsspænding minus indgangsspænding - og ganget med regulatorstrømmen.
(I modsætning hertil kan en switch-mode-strømforsyning ideelt set uden spildeffekt, pumpe elektrisk energi fra indgang til udgang for at opretholde fx en konstant udgangsspænding eller udgangsstrøm.)
Lineære regulatorer kan placere reguleringsanordningen parallelt med belastningen (lineær shuntregulator) - eller kan placere reguleringsenheden mellem kilden og belastningen (lineær serieregulator).
Simple lineære regulatorer kan fx indeholde så lidt som en zenerdiode og en seriemodstand; mere komplicerede regulatorer omfatter separate dele i form af spændingsreference, fejlforstærker og serieeffektregulator. Fordi en lineær regulator anvendes i mange elektroniske enheder, er regulatorer baserede på integrerede kredsløb (ICere) meget almindelige. Lineære regulatorer kan også bestå af diskrete halvleder komponenter og passive komponenter.
Referencer
- ^ analog.com: AN-140: Basic Concepts of Linear Regulator and Switching Mode Power Supplies Citat: "...This kind of variable resistor can be implemented with a linear regulator, as shown in Figure 3. A linear regulator operates a bipolar or field effect power transistor (FET) in its linear mode. So the transistor works as a variable resistor in series with the output load....", backup
- ^ electronics-notes.com: 7800 Series Voltage Regulators: 7805, 7812, 7824, etc, backup Citat: "...For many years the 7800 series linear voltage regulators, including the more popular versions of this series like the 7805, 7812, etc, were the most popular voltage regulator chips available and they were used in many electronic circuits, large and small. The 7800 series voltage regulators were very easy to use, they were cheap to buy, and they provided excellent performance..."
- ^ lisleapex.com: L7805CV IC: Pinout, Features, Datasheet and Application Citat: "...The L7805CV voltage regulator IC stands as a cornerstone in the realm of electronics, revered for its unwavering ability to deliver a stable 5-volt output across a myriad of applications..."
- ^ ariat-tech.com: TL431 Voltage Regulator Detailed Guide, backup Citat: "...TL431 is a Three-Terminal Controlled Precision Reference Integrated Chip with Good Temperature Stability. Due to its High Accuracy, Low Quiescent Current, and Output Noise, it is Widely Used in a Variety of Electronic Devices..."
- ^ ti.com: TLA431, backup, pdf Citat: "...The TLA431 and TLA432 devices are three-terminal adjustable shunt regulators that are stable with all capacitor load..."
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