Upton Sinclair
| Upton Sinclair | |
|---|---|
| |
| Personlig information | |
| Pseudonym | Clarke Fitch, Arthur Stirling, Frederick Garrison  |
| Født | 20. september 1878 Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Død | 25. november 1968 (90 år) Bound Brook, New Jersey, USA |
| Gravsted | Rock Creek Cemetery |
| Politisk parti | Socialist Party of America, Demokratiske parti |
| Far | Upton Beall Sinclair |
| Mor | Priscilla Augusta Harden |
| Ægtefælle | Mary Craig Sinclair |
| Uddannelse og virke | |
| Uddannelsessted | City College of New York, Columbia University |
| Medlem af | American Academy of Arts and Letters |
| Beskæftigelse | Journalist, dramatiker, filmproducent, forfatter, digter, opinionsjournalist, romanforfatter, politiker, klinisk diætist |
| Kendte værker | Junglen |
| Nomineringer og priser | |
| Udmærkelser | Pulitzer-prisen for romaner (1943) |
| Signatur | |
 | |
| Information med symbolet hentes fra Wikidata. Kildehenvisninger foreligger sammesteds. | |
Upton Beall Sinclair (20. september 1878 i Baltimore, Maryland – 25. november 1968 i Bound Brook, New Jersey) var en produktiv amerikansk forfatter som skrev over 90 bøger i mange genrer og opnåede betydelig popularitet i første halvdel af 1900-tallet.
Forfatterskab
Sinclair slog igennem i 1906 med romanen The Jungle, hvor han tematiserede udfordringer fattige immigranter mødte i Chicago, specielt indenfor slagteriindustrien som dominerede byen på dette tidspunkt. Bogen giver en rystende skildring af farlige og uhygiejniske arbejdsforhold i de store slagterier.
The Jungle havde stor påvirkningskraft. Sinclair ville hovedsagelig sætte fokus på den fattige arbejderklasses dårlige kår. Derimod var det ikke der bogen havde effekt, men som inspirator for en undersøgelse af kødindustrien, som igen resulterede i at der blev vedtaget flere love som skulle sikre bedre kødkontrol og madhygiejne.
Sinclair skrev mange andre romaner, mange med stærk politisk sprængkraft, bl.a. Boston som gav en kritisk skildring af retssagen mod anarkisterne Sacco og Vanzetti.
Sinclairs politiske synspunkter førte senere til at han blev boykottet af de store forlag, og i mange år måtte han udgive sine bøger på eget forlag og distribuere dem via postordre og gennem egne kommissærer.
Sinclairs største værk var romanserien om Lanny Budd som udkom under og efter 2. verdenskrig og skildrer den politiske udvikling i Europa og USA.
Sinclair blev tildelt Pulitzerprisen i 1943.
Hans roman Oil blev i 2007 filmatiseret af Paul Thomas Anderson til den Oscarnominerede film There Will Be Blood med Daniel Day-Lewis i hovedrollen.
Politik
Sinclair var aktiv socialist og fremmede sine synspunkter såvel i sine bøger som i praksis. Med indtægterne fra The Jungle grundlagde han et socialistisk kollektiv. Bygningen blev angrebet flere gange og tilslut brændt ned til grunden, sandsynligvis af politiske modstandere.
Han stillede som kandidat for socialistpartiet ved kongresvalgene i 1920 og 1922, uden at opnå noget mandat. I 1934 var han kandidat til delstatsguvernør i Californien for det demokratiske parti.
Bibliografi
Fiktion
- Sinclair, Upton. Upton Sinclair Anthology (1947) online
- Engs, Ruth Clifford, ed. Unseen Upton Sinclair: Nine Unpublished Stories, Essays and Other Works. (McFarland & Co. 2009).
- Tommy Junior The Second – The Argosy, juli 1895
- Courtmartialed – 1898
- Saved By the Enemy – 1898
- The Fighting Squadron – 1898
- A Prisoner of Morro – 1898
- A Soldier Monk – 1898
- A Gauntlet of Fire – 1899
- Holding the Fort – 1899
- A Soldier's Pledge – 1899
- Wolves of the Navy – 1899
- Springtime and Harvest – 1901, reissued the same year as King Midas
- The Journal of Arthur Stirling – 1903
- Off For West Point – 1903
- From Port to Port – 1903
- On Guard – 1903
- A Strange Cruise – 1903
- The West Point Rivals – 1903
- A West Point Treasure – 1903
- A Cadet's Honor – 1903
- Cliff, the Naval Cadet – 1903
- The Cruise of the Training Ship – 1903
- Prince Hagen – 1903
- Manassas: A Novel of the War – 1904, reissued in 1959 as Theirs be the Guilt
- A Captain of Industry – 1906
- The Jungle – 1906
- The Overman – 1907
- The Industrial Republic – 1907
- The Metropolis – 1908
- The Moneychangers – 1908, reprinted as The Money Changers
- Samuel The Seeker – 1910
- Love's Pilgrimage – 1911
- Damaged Goods – 1913
- Sylvia – 1913
- Sylvia's Marriage – 1914
- King Coal – 1917
- Jimmie Higgins – 1919
- Debs and the Poets – 1920
- 100% – The Story of a Patriot – 1920
- The Spy – 1920
- They Call Me Carpenter: A Tale of the Second Coming – 1922
- The Millennium – 1924[1]
- The Spokesman's Secretary – 1926
- Oil! – 1927
- Boston, 2 vols. – 1928
- Mountain City – 1930
- Roman Holiday – 1931
- The Wet Parade – 1931
- American Outpost – 1932
- The Way Out (novel) – 1933
- Immediate Epic – 1933
- The Lie Factory Starts – 1934
- The Book of Love – 1934
- Depression Island – 1935
- Co-op: a Novel of Living Together – 1936
- The Gnomobile – 1936, 1962
- Wally for Queen – 1936
- No Pasaran!: A Novel of the Battle of Madrid – 1937
- The Flivver King: A Story of Ford-America – 1937
- Little Steel – 1938
- Our Lady – 1938
- Expect No Peace – 1939
- Marie Antoinette (novel) – 1939
- Telling The World – 1939
- Your Million Dollars – 1939
- World's End – 1940
- World's End Impending – 1940
- Between Two Worlds – 1941
- Dragon's Teeth – 1942
- Wide Is the Gate – 1943
- Presidential Agent – 1944
- Dragon Harvest – 1945
- A World to Win – 1946
- A Presidential Mission – 1947
- A Giant's Strength – 1948
- Limbo on the Loose – 1948
- One Clear Call – 1948
- O Shepherd, Speak! – 1949
- Another Pamela – 1950
- Schenk Stefan! – 1951
- A Personal Jesus – 1952
- The Return of Lanny Budd – 1953
- What Didymus Did – UK 1954 / It Happened to Didymus – US 1958
- Theirs Be the Guilt – 1959
- Affectionately Eve – 1961
- The Coal War – 1976
Selvbiografier
- The Autobiography of Upton Sinclair. Med Maeve Elizabeth Flynn III. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962.
- My Lifetime in Letters. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1960) online.
- The Cup of Fury – 1956
Faglitteratur
- Sinclair, Upton; Williams, Michael (1909). Good Health and How We Won It: With an Account of New Hygiene. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, Publishers. hdl:2027/mdp.39015052210583. OCLC 1476950524.
- The Fasting Cure – 1911
- The Profits of Religion – 1917
- The Brass Check – 1919
- McNeal, T. A.; Sinclair, Upton (1921). McNeal-Sinclair Debate on Socialism. Ten cent pocket series; no. 234. Girard, Kansas: Haldeman-Julius Company. hdl:2027/coo.31924030332716. OCLC 1408761760.
- The Book of Life. Pasadena, Calif., Chicago: Upton Sinclair; Wholesale distributors, Paine Book Co. 1922. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t04x5vb8x. OCLC 644454786.
- The Goose-Step – 1923
- The Goslings: A Study of the American Schools. 1924. OCLC 314675830.
- Mammonart. An Essay in Economic Interpretation – 1925
- Letters to Judd, an American Workingman. Pasadena, CA: The author. 1925. hdl:2027/coo.31924030404325. OCLC 1496349431.
- Money Writes!. New York: A. & C. Boni. 1927. hdl:2027/uc1.$b113567. OCLC 614662777.
- Mental Radio: Does it work, and how? – 1930, 1962
- Upton Sinclair Presents William Fox – 1933
- Epic Answers: How to End Poverty in California. Los Angeles, Calif.: End Poverty League. 1934. OCLC 1288406151.
- The EPIC Plan for California. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 1934. hdl:2027/uc1.b4080544. OCLC 555500859.
- I, Governor of California, and How I Ended Poverty: A True Story of the Future. Los Angeles, California: End Poverty League Incorporated. 1934. OCLC 1252363055.
- Immediate Epic: The Final Statement of the Plan. Los Angeles, Calif.: End Poverty League. 1934. hdl:2027/uc1.b4080544. OCLC 609477646.
- We, People of America, And How We Ended Poverty: A True Story of the Future. Pasadena, Calif.: National EPIC league. 1935. hdl:2027/mdp.39015059479066. OCLC 1467295145.
- I, Candidate for Governor And How I Got Licked. University of California Press. 1935. OCLC 1527259587. ISBN 978-0-520-91352-3
- What God Means to Me: An Attempt at a Working Religion. Pasadena: Upton Sinclair. 1936. OCLC 1439056275.
- Upton Sinclair on the Soviet Union. New York: Weekly Masses Co. 1938. OCLC 1439053857 – via archive.org.
- Letters to a Millionaire. London: T.W. Laurie. 1939. OCLC 12304661.
Drama
- Plays of Protest: The Naturewoman, The Machine, The Second-Story Man, Prince Hagen – 1912
- The Pot Boiler – 1913 (ikke udgivet før 1924 – som Little Blue Book 589, af E. Haldeman-Julius.)
- Hell: A Verse Drama and Photoplay – 1924
- Singing Jailbirds: A Drama in Four Acts – 1924
- Bill Porter: A Drama of O. Henry in Prison – 1925
- The Enemy Had It Too: A Play in Three Acts – 1950
Som redaktør
- The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest – 1915
Referencer
- ^ https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.470309/page/7/mode/2up accessed December 6, 2025
Eksterne henvisninger
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