10th United States Congress

10th United States Congress
10th United States Congress
9th ← → 11th
	United States Capitol (1800)
March 4, 1807 – March 4, 1809
Members	34 senators; 142 representatives; 3 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Democratic-Republican
Senate President	George Clinton (DR)
House majority	Democratic-Republican
House Speaker	Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
Sessions
	1st: October 26, 1807 – April 25, 1808; 2nd: November 7, 1808 – March 3, 1809

The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship HMS Leopard (1790) captured and boarded the USS Chesapeake (1799).
August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned

President pro tempore
Stephen R. Bradley

Major legislation

December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5, 2 Stat. 451
March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act (1809), ch. 24, 2 Stat. 528

Territories organized

February 3, 1809: Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory, 2 Stat. 514

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant

	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of previous congress	27	7	34	0

Begin	28	6	34	0
End	28	6	34	0
Final voting share	82.4%	17.6%

Beginning of next congress	26	7	33	1

House of Representatives

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant

	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of previous congress	113	28	141	1

Begin	115	25	140	2
End	115	27	142	0
Final voting share	81.0%	19.0%

Beginning of next congress	95	47	142	0

Leadership

Senate

President: George Clinton (DR)
President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
- Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
- John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809

House of Representatives

Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Connecticut

▌1. James Hillhouse (F)

▌3. Uriah Tracy (F), died July 19, 1807

▌Chauncey Goodrich (F), from October 25, 1807

Delaware

▌1. Samuel White (F)

▌2. James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia

▌2. Abraham Baldwin (DR), until March 4, 1807

▌George Jones (DR), August 27, 1807 – November 7, 1807

▌William H. Crawford (DR), from November 7, 1807

▌3. John Milledge (DR)

Kentucky

▌2. Buckner Thruston (DR)

▌3. John Pope (DR)

Maryland

▌1. Samuel Smith (DR)

▌3. Philip Reed (DR)

Massachusetts

▌2. Timothy Pickering (F)

▌1. John Quincy Adams (F), until June 8, 1808

▌James Lloyd (F), from June 9, 1808

New Hampshire

▌2. Nicholas Gilman (DR)

▌3. Nahum Parker (DR)

New Jersey

▌1. John Condit (DR)

▌2. Aaron Kitchell (DR)

New York

▌3. John Smith (DR)

▌1. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)

North Carolina

▌2. James Turner (DR)

▌3. Jesse Franklin (DR)

Ohio

▌1. John Smith (DR), until April 25, 1808

▌Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR), from December 12, 1808

▌3. Edward Tiffin (DR)

Pennsylvania

▌1. Samuel Maclay (DR), until January 4, 1809

▌Michael Leib (DR), from January 9, 1809

▌3. Andrew Gregg (DR)

Rhode Island

▌1. Benjamin Howland (DR)

▌2. James Fenner (DR), until September 1807

▌Elisha Mathewson (DR), from October 26, 1807

▌1. Israel Smith (DR), until October 1, 1807

▌Jonathan Robinson (DR), from October 10, 1807

Virginia

▌2. William B. Giles (DR)

▌1. Andrew Moore (DR)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(7 Federalists)

▌At-large. Epaphroditus Champion (F)

▌At-large. Samuel W. Dana (F)

▌At-large. John Davenport (F)

▌At-large. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)

▌At-large. Timothy Pitkin (F)

▌At-large. Lewis B. Sturges (F)

▌At-large. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

(1 Federalist)

▌At-large. Nicholas Van Dyke (F), from October 6, 1807

Georgia

(4 Democratic-Republicans)

▌At-large. William W. Bibb (DR)

▌At-large. Howell Cobb (DR)

▌At-large. Dennis Smelt (DR)

▌At-large. George M. Troup (DR)

Kentucky

(6 Democratic-Republicans)

▌1. Matthew Lyon (DR)

▌2. John Boyle (DR)

▌3. John Rowan (DR)

▌4. Richard M. Johnson (DR)

▌5. Benjamin Howard (DR)

▌6. Joseph Desha (DR)

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
(6-3 Democratic-Republican)

▌1. John Campbell (F)

▌2. Archibald Van Horne (DR)

▌3. Philip B. Key (F)

▌4. Roger Nelson (DR)

▌5. William McCreery (DR)

▌5. Nicholas R. Moore (DR)

▌6. John Montgomery (DR)

▌7. Edward Lloyd (DR)

▌8. Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

(11-6 Democratic-Republican)

▌1. Josiah Quincy (F)

▌2. Jacob Crowninshield (DR), until April 15, 1808

▌Joseph Story (DR), from May 23, 1808

▌3. Edward St. Loe Livermore (F)

▌4. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

▌5. William Ely (F)

▌6. Samuel Taggart (F)

▌7. Joseph Barker (DR)

▌8. Isaiah L. Green (DR)

▌9. Josiah Dean (DR)

▌10. Jabez Upham (F)

▌11. William Stedman (F)

▌12. Barnabas Bidwell (DR), until July 13, 1807

▌Ezekiel Bacon (DR), from September 16, 1807

▌13. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)

▌14. Richard Cutts (DR)

▌15. Daniel Ilsley (DR)

▌16. Orchard Cook (DR)

▌17. John Chandler (DR)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(5 Democratic-Republicans)

▌At-large. Peter Carleton (DR)

▌At-large. Daniel M. Durell (DR)

▌At-large. Francis Gardner (DR)

▌At-large. Jedediah K. Smith (DR)

▌At-large. Clement Storer (DR)

New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(6 Democratic-Republicans)

▌At-large. Ezra Darby (DR), until January 27, 1808

▌Adam Boyd (DR), from March 8, 1808

▌At-large. William Helms (DR)

▌At-large. John Lambert (DR)

▌At-large. Thomas Newbold (DR)

▌At-large. James Sloan (DR)

▌At-large. Henry Southard (DR)

New York

(15-2 Democratic-Republican)

▌1. Samuel Riker (DR)

▌2. and 3. Joint district with two seats: Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)

▌2. and 3. Joint district with two seats: George Clinton Jr. (DR)

▌4. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)

▌5. John Blake Jr. (DR)

▌6. Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)

▌7. Barent Gardenier (F)

▌8. James I. Van Alen (DR)

▌9. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)

▌10. Josiah Masters (DR)

▌11. John Thompson (DR)

▌12. David Thomas (DR), until February 17, 1808

▌Nathan Wilson (DR), from November 7, 1808

▌13. Peter Swart (DR)

▌14. John Russell (DR)

▌15. William Kirkpatrick (DR)

▌16. Reuben Humphrey (DR)

▌17. John Harris (DR)

North Carolina

(11-1 Democratic-Republicans)

▌1. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)

▌2. Willis Alston (DR)

▌3. Thomas Blount (DR)

▌4. William Blackledge (DR)

▌5. Thomas Kenan (DR)

▌6. Nathaniel Macon (DR)

▌7. John Culpepper (F), until January 2, 1808, and then from February 23, 1808

▌8. Richard Stanford (DR)

▌9. Marmaduke Williams (DR)

▌10. Evan S. Alexander (DR)

▌11. James Holland (DR)

▌12. Meshack Franklin (DR)

Ohio

(1 Democratic-Republican)

▌At-large. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.
(15-3 Democratic-Republican)

▌1. Joseph Clay (DR), until March 28, 1808

▌Benjamin Say (DR), from November 16, 1808

▌1. John Porter (DR)

▌1. Jacob Richards (DR)

▌2. Robert Brown (DR)

▌2. William Milnor (F)

▌2. John Pugh (DR)

▌3. John Hiester (DR)

▌3. Robert Jenkins (F)

▌3. Matthias Richards (DR)

▌4. David Bard (DR)

▌4. Robert Whitehill (DR)

▌5. Daniel Montgomery Jr. (DR)

▌6. James Kelly (F)

▌7. John Rea (DR)

▌8. William Findley (DR)

▌9. John Smilie (DR)

▌10. William Hoge (DR)

▌11. Samuel Smith (DR)

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(2 Democratic-Republicans)

▌At-large. Nehemiah Knight (DR), until June 13, 1808

▌Richard Jackson Jr. (F), from November 11, 1808

▌At-large. Isaac Wilbour (DR)

South Carolina

(8 Democratic-Republicans)

▌1. Robert Marion (DR)

▌2. William Butler Sr. (DR)

▌3. David R. Williams (DR)

▌4. John Taylor (DR)

▌5. Richard Winn (DR)

▌6. Joseph Calhoun (DR), from June 2, 1807

▌7. Thomas Moore (DR)

▌8. Lemuel J. Alston (DR)

Tennessee

(3 Democratic-Republicans)

▌1. John Rhea (DR)

▌2. George W. Campbell (DR)

▌3. Jesse Wharton (DR)

Vermont

(2-2 Democratic-Republican)

▌1. James Witherell (DR), until May 1, 1808

▌Samuel Shaw (DR), from September 6, 1808

▌2. James Elliott (F)

▌3. James Fisk (DR)

▌4. Martin Chittenden (F)

Virginia

(21-1 Democratic-Republican)

▌1. John G. Jackson (DR)

▌2. John Morrow (DR)

▌3. John Smith (DR)

▌4. David Holmes (DR)

▌5. Alexander Wilson (DR)

▌6. Abram Trigg (DR)

▌7. Joseph Lewis Jr. (F)

▌8. Walter Jones (DR)

▌9. John Love (DR)

▌10. John Dawson (DR)

▌11. James M. Garnett (DR)

▌12. Burwell Bassett (DR)

▌13. William A. Burwell (DR)

▌14. Matthew Clay (DR)

▌15. John Randolph (DR)

▌16. John W. Eppes (DR)

▌17. John Claiborne (DR), until October 9, 1808

▌Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR), from November 7, 1808

▌18. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)

▌19. Edwin Gray (DR)

▌20. Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)

▌21. Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)

▌22. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

(no representation)

Indiana Territory. Benjamin Parke, until March 1, 1808

Jesse B. Thomas, from October 22, 1808

Mississippi Territory. George Poindexter

Orleans Territory. Daniel Clark

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.

Senate changes
State (class)	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation^[a]
Georgia (2)	Abraham Baldwin (DR)	Died March 4, 1807. Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term.	George Jones (DR)	August 27, 1807
Connecticut (3)	Uriah Tracy (F)	Died July 19, 1807. Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term.	Chauncey Goodrich (F)	October 25, 1807
Rhode Island (2)	James Fenner (DR)	Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island. Successor elected to finish the term.	Elisha Mathewson (DR)	October 26, 1807
Vermont (1)	Israel Smith (DR)	Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont. Successor elected to finish the term.	Jonathan Robinson (DR)	October 10, 1807
Georgia (2)	George Jones (DR)	Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee.	William H. Crawford (DR)	November 7, 1807
Ohio (1)	John Smith (DR)	Resigned April 25, 1808. Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809.	Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR)	December 12, 1808
Massachusetts (1)	John Quincy Adams (F)	Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term. Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.	James Lloyd (F)	June 9, 1808
Pennsylvania (1)	Samuel Maclay (DR)	Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election. Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.	Michael Leib (DR)	January 9, 1809

House of Representatives

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

House changes
District	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation^[a]
South Carolina 6th	Vacant	Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress	Joseph Calhoun (DR)	Seated June 2, 1807
Delaware at-large	Vacant	James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress	Nicholas Van Dyke (F)	Seated October 6, 1807
Massachusetts 12th	Barnabas Bidwell (DR)	Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts	Ezekiel Bacon (DR)	Seated September 16, 1807
North Carolina 7th	John Culpepper (F)	Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808	John Culpepper (F)	Seated February 23, 1808
New Jersey at-large	Ezra Darby (DR)	Died January 27, 1808	Adam Boyd (DR)	Seated March 8, 1808
Indiana Territory at-large	Benjamin Parke	Resigned March 1, 1808	Jesse B. Thomas	October 22, 1808
Pennsylvania 1st	Joseph Clay (DR)	Resigned March 28, 1808	Benjamin Say (DR)	Seated November 16, 1808
Massachusetts 2nd	Jacob Crowninshield (DR)	Died April 15, 1808	Joseph Story (DR)	Seated May 23, 1808
New York 12th	David Thomas (DR)	Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer	Nathan Wilson (DR)	November 7, 1808
Vermont 1st	James Witherell (DR)	Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory	Samuel Shaw (DR)	Seated September 6, 1808
Rhode Island at-large	Nehemiah Knight (DR)	Died June 13, 1808	Richard Jackson Jr. (F)	Seated November 11, 1808
Virginia 17th	John Claiborne (DR)	Died October 9, 1808	Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)	Seated November 7, 1808

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then Francis Malbone)
Whole

House of Representatives

Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore)
Affairs with Algiers (Select)
Claims (Chairman: David Holmes)
Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
Conduct of Peter J. Bruin (Select)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
Public Lands (Chairman: John Boyle then Jeremiah Morrow)
Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Clopton)
Rules (Select)
Standards of Official Conduct
Ways and Means (Chairman: George W. Campbell)
Whole

Joint committees

Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Turner)
The Library (Chairman: N/A)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

Chaplain: John J. Sayrs (Episcopalian), until November 10, 1807
- Alexander T. McCormick (Episcopalian), elected November 10, 1807
- Robert Elliott (Presbyterian), elected November 10, 1808
Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

House of Representatives

Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
- Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807 (died)
- Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
Reading Clerks: [data missing]
Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
- Thomas Dunn, from October 27, 1807

Notes

^ ^a ^b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

[SuccessorInstallation-1] When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

[a]

10th United States Congress

Major events

Major legislation

Territories organized

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

Senate

House of Representatives

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

References

External links

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