1462 Zamenhof

1462 Zamenhof
Discovery
Discovered by	Y. Väisälä
Discovery site	Turku Obs.
Discovery date	6 February 1938
Designations
MPC designation	(1462) Zamenhof
Named after	L. L. Zamenhof; (creator of Esperanto)
Alternative designations	1938 CA · 1963 TS; 1964 VF2 · 1969 TU5
Minor planet category	main-belt · (outer); Themis
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	53.72 yr (19,623 days)
Aphelion	3.4958 AU
Perihelion	2.8032 AU
Semi-major axis	3.1495 AU
Eccentricity	0.1100
Orbital period (sidereal)	5.59 yr (2,042 days)
Mean anomaly	7.0433°
Mean motion	0° 10m 34.68s / day
Inclination	0.9657°
Longitude of ascending node	24.810°
Argument of perihelion	187.54°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	25.62 km (derived); 25.91±0.55 km; 26.57±0.52 km; 27.366±0.166 km; 27.645±0.395 km
Synodic rotation period	10.2±0.6 h; 10.4±0.1 h
Geometric albedo	0.087±0.015; 0.0891 (derived); 0.1108±0.0319; 0.121±0.005
Spectral type	C (assumed)
Absolute magnitude (H)	10.80 · 11.20 · 11.31±0.32

1462 Zamenhof, provisional designation 1938 CA, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 February 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory in Finland.^[12] The asteroid was named after L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto.^[2] It is a recognized Zamenhof-Esperanto object.

Orbit and classification

Zamenhof is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family (602),^[4] a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis.^[13]^: 23 It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,042 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1] The body's observation arc begins at the discovering observatory, one month prior to its official discovery observation.^[12]

Physical characteristics

The Lightcurve Data Base assumes Zamenhof to be a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid,^[3] in agreement with the overall spectral type of the Themis family.^[13]^: 23

Rotation period

Two rotational lightcurves of Zamenhof were obtained from photometric observations in 2006 and 2011. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 10.2 and 10.4 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 and 0.30 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).^[9]^[10]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Zamenhof measures between 25.91 and 27.645 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.087 and 0.121.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0891 and a diameter of 25.62 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.2.^[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named after L. L. Zamenhof (1859–1917), a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist and creator of Esperanto, a constructed international language.^[2] This asteroid and 1421 Esperanto are considered to be the most remote Zamenhof-Esperanto objects (a monument or a place celebrating Zamenhof). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in January 1956 (M.P.C. 1350).^[14]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1462 Zamenhof (1938 CA)" (2017-07-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1462) Zamenhof". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 117. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1463. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "LCDB Data for (1462) Zamenhof". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Asteroid 1462 Zamenhof – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
^ ^a ^b Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
^ ^a ^b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1462) Zamenhof". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b Menke, John; Cooney, Walt; Gross, John; Terrell, Dirk; Higgins, David (October 2008). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Menke Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (4): 155–160. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35..155M. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b "1462 Zamenhof (1938 CA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 978-0-8165-3213-1.
^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.