^Judy Barrett Litoff; Judith McDonnell (1994). European Immigrant Women in the United States: A Biographical Dictionary. Garland Pub. p. 12. ISBN9780824053062.
^Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN978-0-8047-3510-0.
^Joseph A. Page (1995), The Brazilians. Da Capo Press. ISBN0-201-44191-8.