18th New Zealand Parliament

18th Parliament of New Zealand
18th Parliament of New Zealand
Overview
Legislative body	New Zealand Parliament
Term	15 February 1912 – 5 November 1914
Election	1911 New Zealand general election
Government	Reform Government ; — Liberal Government until 10 July 1912
House of Representatives
Members	80
Speaker of the House	Frederic Lang ; — Arthur Guinness until 10 June 1913†
Prime Minister	William Massey ; — Thomas Mackenzie until 10 July 1912 ; Joseph Ward until 12 March 1912
Leader of the Opposition	Joseph Ward from 11 September 1913; — William Massey until 10 July 1912
Legislative Council
Members	37 (at start); 39 (at end)
Speaker of the Council	Charles Bowen
Sovereign
Monarch	HM George V
Governor	HE Rt. Hon. The Earl of Liverpool

The 18th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It was elected at the 1911 general election in December of that year.

1911 general election

The Second Ballot Act 1908 was used for the 1911 general election. The first ballot was held on Thursday, 7 December in the general electorates. The second ballots were held one week later on 14 December. The Second Ballot Act did not apply to the four Māori electorates and the election was held on Tuesday, 19 December.^[1] A total of 80 MPs were elected; 42 represented North Island electorates, 34 represented South Island electorates, and the remaining four represented Māori electorates.^[2] 590,042 voters were enrolled and the official turnout at the election was 83.5%.^[1]

Sessions

The 18th Parliament sat for four sessions (there were two sessions in 1912), and was prorogued on 20 November 1914.^[3]

Session	Opened	Adjourned
first	15 February 1912	1 March 1912
second	27 June 1912	7 November 1912
third	26 June 1913	16 December 1913
fourth	25 June 1914	5 November 1914

Party standings

Start of Parliament

Party		Leader(s)	Seats at start
	Reform Party	William Massey	37
	Liberal Party	Joseph Ward	33
	Labour Party	Alfred Hindmarsh	4
	Independents		6

End of Parliament

Party		Leader(s)	Seats at end
	Reform Party	William Massey	38
	Liberal Party	Joseph Ward	31
	United Labour Party	Alfred Hindmarsh	3
	Social Democrat Party	James McCombs	2
	Independents		6

Ministries

The Liberal Government of New Zealand had taken office on 24 January 1891.^[4] Joseph Ward formed the Ward Ministry on 6 August 1906.^[5]^[6] The Ward Ministry remained in power until Ward's resignation as Prime Minister in March 1912.^[7]^[5] The Liberal Party remained in power only on the casting vote of the Speaker, Arthur Guinness. The party selected Thomas Mackenzie as leader (and Prime Minister) and he formed the Mackenzie Ministry on 28 March 1912.^[7]^[8] In July 1912, Mackenzie lost a vote of no confidence, resigned as Prime Minister and handed over to William Massey of the Reform Party, bringing to an end the long reign of the Liberal Party.^[9] The Massey Ministry lasted for the remainder of the parliamentary term.^[10]

Initial composition of the 18th Parliament

The following are the results of the 1911 general election:

Key

Reform	Liberal	Labour	Independent Liberal	Independent Labour
Socialist	Liberal–Labour	Independent	Affiliation unknown

Electorate results for the 1911 New Zealand general election^[11]
Electorate	Incumbent			Majority
General electorates^{[nb 1]}
Ashburton		William Nosworthy		913†	John Kennedy
Auckland Central		Albert Glover		2,261	Michael Joseph Savage
Auckland East		Arthur Myers		1,993	Arthur Withy
Auckland West		Charles Poole	James Bradney	1,577	Charles Poole
Avon		George Warren Russell		271†	James McCombs
Awarua		Joseph Ward		628	John Hamilton
Bay of Islands		Vernon Reed		183	George Wilkinson^[12]
Bay of Plenty		William MacDonald		535	Harry De Lautour
Bruce		James Allen		675	Parker McKinlay
Buller		James Colvin		150	Fergus Ferguson Munro
Chalmers		Edward Henry Clark		326†	John Thomas Johnson
Christchurch East		Thomas Davey		1181†	Henry Thacker
Christchurch North		Leonard Isitt		749†	Dryden Hall
Christchurch South		Harry Ell		631	Gains Whiting
Clutha		Alexander Malcolm		375	George Livingstone^[13]
Dunedin Central		James Arnold	Charles Statham	1544	James Arnold
Dunedin North		George Thomson		759†	Robert Douglas
Dunedin South		Thomas Sidey		745	John McManus
Dunedin West		John A. Millar		639†	Harry Bedford
Eden		John Bollard		663	William Speight
Egmont		Bradshaw Dive	Thomas Mackenzie	327	Bradshaw Dive
Ellesmere		Heaton Rhodes		1581	George Armstrong
Franklin		William Massey		1963	John McLarin^[14]
Gisborne		James Carroll		Uncontested
Grey		Arthur Guinness		1138	Paddy Webb
Grey Lynn		George Fowlds	John Payne	38†	George Fowlds
Hawke's Bay		Alfred Dillon	Hugh Campbell	1107†	Horace Simson
Hurunui		George Forbes		939	David Macfarlane
Hutt		Thomas Wilford		1931	Michael Reardon
Invercargill		Josiah Hanan		667†	Thomas Fleming
Kaiapoi		David Buddo		209†	Richard Moore
Kaipara		John Stallworthy	Gordon Coates	572†	John Stallworthy
Lyttelton		George Laurenson		2079	Colin Cook
Manukau		Frederic Lang		2307	Ralph Stewart
Marsden		Francis Mander		544	Edmund Purdie
Masterton		Alexander Hogg	George Sykes	581†	Alexander Hogg
Mataura		George Anderson		857	John MacGibbon
Motueka		Roderick McKenzie		1104	Frederick Smith
Napier		Vigor Brown		1064	Henry Hill^[15]
Nelson		John Graham	Harry Atmore	1516†	Walter Moffatt
Oamaru		Thomas Young Duncan	Ernest Lee	1364	Thomas Young Duncan
Ohinemuri		Hugh Poland		1207†	Pat Hickey
Oroua		David Guthrie		1092	Robert Hornblow
Otago Central	New electorate		Robert Scott	1810	William Mason
Otaki		William Hughes Field	John Robertson	21†	William Hughes Field
Pahiatua		Robert Ross	James Escott	573†	Robert Ross
Palmerston		David Buick		832	Robert McNab
Parnell		Frank Lawry	James Samuel Dickson	438†	John Findlay
Patea		George Pearce		960	Patrick O'Dea
Raglan	New electorate		Richard Bollard	919†	Allen Bell
Rangitikei		Robert William Smith	Edward Newman	1028	William Meldrum
Riccarton		George Witty		1373†	Charles Ensor
Selwyn		Charles Hardy	William Dickie	271	Charles Hardy
Stratford		John Hine		730	Joseph McCluggage
Taranaki		Henry Okey		754	Charles Bellringer
Taumarunui		William Thomas Jennings	Charles Wilson	125	William Thomas Jennings
Tauranga		William Herries		1941	Robert King
Temuka	New electorate		Thomas Buxton	1372	William Jeffries
Thames		Edmund Taylor	Thomas William Rhodes	66	Edmund Taylor
Timaru		James Craigie		1226	Joseph Moore
Waikato		Henry Greenslade	Alexander Young	1128	Henry Greenslade
Waimarino	New electorate		Robert William Smith	480†	Frank Hockly
Waipawa		Charles Hall	George Hunter	569	Albert Jull
Wairarapa		Walter Clarke Buchanan		125	J. T. Marryat Hornsby
Wairau		John Duncan	Richard McCallum	142†	John Duncan
Waitaki		William Steward	Francis Henry Smith	84†	John Macpherson
Waitemata		Leonard Phillips	James Samuel Dickson	407†	William Joseph Napier
Wakatipu		William Fraser		91	James Horn
Wallace		John Charles Thomson		1962	Alan Carmichael
Wanganui		James Thomas Hogan	Bill Veitch	1156†	James Thomas Hogan
Wellington East		David McLaren	Alfred Newman	65†	David McLaren
Wellington Central		Francis Fisher		131†	Robert Fletcher
Wellington North		Alexander Herdman		1807	Arnold Woolford Izard
Wellington South		Robert Wright	Alfred Hindmarsh	254†	Robert Wright
Wellington Suburbs and Country		John Luke	William Henry Dillon Bell	399	Frank Moore
Westland		Tom Seddon		271	Henry Michel
Māori electorates^{[nb 2]}
Eastern Maori		Āpirana Ngata		Uncontested
Northern Maori		Te Rangi Hīroa		405	Riapo Timoti Puhipi
Southern Maori		Tame Parata	Taare Parata	31	Hopere Uru
Western Maori		Henare Kaihau	Māui Pōmare	565	Henare Kaihau

Table footnotes:

^ † in Majority column depicts electorates in which a second ballot was held.
^ The affiliation of many of the Maori candidates is unknown or uncertain; note that the Second Ballot Act 1908 did not apply to Maori constituencies.

By-elections during 18th Parliament

There were a number of changes during the term of the 18th Parliament.

Electorate and by-election		Date		Cause
Egmont	1912	17 September	Thomas Mackenzie	Resignation	Charles Wilkinson
Grey	1913^[16]	17 & 24 July	Arthur Guinness	Death	Paddy Webb
Lyttelton	1913^[17]	9 & 16 December	George Laurenson	Death	James McCombs

Name	Year	Seat
Alfred Hindmarsh	1912	Wellington South	Labour	United Labour
John Payne		Grey Lynn	Labour	Independent Labour
Bill Veitch		Wanganui	Independent Labour	United Labour

Notes

^ ^a ^b "General elections 1853–2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
^ Scholefield 1950, p. 90.
^ Scholefield 1950, p. 69.
^ Scholefield 1950, p. 40.
^ ^a ^b Scholefield 1950, pp. 42–43.
^ Hall-Jones, John. "Hall-Jones, William 1851–1936". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
^ ^a ^b Bassett, Michael. "Ward, Joseph George 1856–1930". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
^ Scholefield 1950, p. 43.
^ Brooking, Tom. "Mackenzie, Thomas Noble 1853–1930". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
^ Scholefield 1950, pp. 43–44.
^ "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ "Political Gossip". The Marlborough Express. Vol. C, no. 266. 16 November 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
^ "Clutha". Otago Witness. No. 3008. 8 November 1911. p. 37. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
^ "Electoral district of Franklin: nominations". Auckland Star. Vol. XLII, no. 290. 6 December 1911. p. 16. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
^ Matthews, Kay Morris. "Henry Hill". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
^ "Declaration of Result of Poll and Notification of Second Ballot". Grey River Argus. 24 July 1913. p. 1. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
^ "Mr McCombs Returned". Northern Advocate. 17 December 1913. p. 4. Retrieved 13 August 2011.

References

Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.

[12] † in Majority column depicts electorates in which a second ballot was held.

[17] The affiliation of many of the Maori candidates is unknown or uncertain; note that the Second Ballot Act 1908 did not apply to Maori constituencies.

[General_elections_1853–2005-1] "General elections 1853–2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2011.

[FOOTNOTEScholefield195090-2] Scholefield 1950, p. 90.

[FOOTNOTEScholefield195069-3] Scholefield 1950, p. 69.

[FOOTNOTEScholefield195040-4] Scholefield 1950, p. 40.

[FOOTNOTEScholefield195042–43-5] Scholefield 1950, pp. 42–43.

[DNZB_Hall-Jones-6] Hall-Jones, John. "Hall-Jones, William 1851–1936". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.

[DNZB_Ward-7] Bassett, Michael. "Ward, Joseph George 1856–1930". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.

[FOOTNOTEScholefield195043-8] Scholefield 1950, p. 43.

[DNZB_Mackenzie-9] Brooking, Tom. "Mackenzie, Thomas Noble 1853–1930". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.

[FOOTNOTEScholefield195043–44-10] Scholefield 1950, pp. 43–44.

[1911_election-11] "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

[13] "Political Gossip". The Marlborough Express. Vol. C, no. 266. 16 November 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 26 April 2015.

[14] "Clutha". Otago Witness. No. 3008. 8 November 1911. p. 37. Retrieved 1 August 2020.

[15] "Electoral district of Franklin: nominations". Auckland Star. Vol. XLII, no. 290. 6 December 1911. p. 16. Retrieved 1 August 2020.

[DNZB_Henry_Hill-16] Matthews, Kay Morris. "Henry Hill". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 October 2015.

[Grey_1913-18] "Declaration of Result of Poll and Notification of Second Ballot". Grey River Argus. 24 July 1913. p. 1. Retrieved 13 August 2011.

[Lyttelton_1913-19] "Mr McCombs Returned". Northern Advocate. 17 December 1913. p. 4. Retrieved 13 August 2011.

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