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1917 Samoa earthquake

1917 Samoa earthquake
1917 Samoa earthquake is located in Oceania
1917 Samoa earthquake
UTC time1917-06-26 05:49:46
ISC event913548
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date25 June 1917
Local time18:49
Magnitude8.3–8.5 Mw
8.4 Ms
Depth10 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter15°30′S 173°00′W / 15.50°S 173.00°W / -15.50; -173.00 [1]
Areas affectedSamoa and American Samoa
Tsunami40 ft (12 m)

The 1917 Samoa earthquake occurred on 26 June at 05:49 UTC. The epicenter was located in the southwest of the Samoan Islands. The earthquake's estimated moment magnitude of 8.3–8.5[2] and surface-wave magnitude of 8.4 makes it the strongest recorded earthquake in this region.[1][3][4]

Many subsidences were reported. In the mountains, masses of rocks were hurled down.[5] In Apia, violent shaking lasted for about a minute and half.[6] In American Samoa, the LDS Church in Pago Pago and the Catholic Church in Leone were partly demolished.[7] A tsunami was triggered by the earthquake, which affected both American Samoa and German Samoa, which was then under Allied occupation. The tsunami reached a maximum of 40 feet (12 m). The maximum range of the tsunami in Apia was about 80 cm (31 inches). Many houses were destroyed, and a bridge was washed away in Palauli.[8] The tsunami was also recorded in Honolulu and on the west coast of the United States. Just on 1 May 1917, a large earthquake of magnitude Ms  8.0 occurred in the Kermadec Islands region. The tsunami caused by the earthquake in May also hit the Samoan Islands.[9][10]

The earthquake occurred to the southwest of the Samoa Islands, along the Tonga Plate boundary. The focal mechanism of this earthquake was unclear. This earthquake and the 2009 event were not thought to represent the same repeating process in a same location.[9][11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Engdahl, E. R.; Vallaseñor, A. (2002). "Global seismicity: 1900–1999" (PDF). International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology. Part A, Volume 81A (First ed.). Academic Press. p. 673. ISBN 978-0124406520.
  2. ^ Sischka, Laura; Williams, Shaun; Bosserelle, Cyprien; Paulik, Ryan; Chan Ting, Josephina; Whitworth, Malcolm; Talia, Lameko (12 August 2021). "The 1917 tsunami inundation in Samoa: Discrepancies in modelled-to-observed event reconstructions". Ess Open Archive ePrints. 105. Bibcode:2021esoar.10509200S. doi:10.1002/essoar.10509200.2. S2CID 245036004. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  3. ^ "Importance of Historical Seismograms for Geophysical Research" by H. Kanamori
  4. ^ "Search Earthquake Catalog". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Earthquake in Samoan Group". The Colonist. Vol. LVIII, no. 14458. 17 July 1917. p. 7.
  6. ^ "SEISMOLOGICAL DISPATCHES" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review: 425. August 1917. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2017.
  7. ^ G. Pararas-Carayannis and B. Dong (1980). "Catalog of Tsunamis in the Samoan Islands" (PDF). International Tsunami Information Center. p. 14. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  8. ^ Shaun P. Williams & Aliimalemanu F. M. Leavasa. "Exploring the status of tsunami early warning systems in Samoa" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  9. ^ a b "Tsunamigeneric predecessors to the 2009 Samoa earthquake" by E. A. Okal, J. C. Borrero, C. Chagué-Goff
  10. ^ Kanamori, H. (1977), "The energy release in great earthquakes" (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research, 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/JB082i020p02981
  11. ^ Okal, E. A.; Fritz, H. M.; Synolakis, C. E.; Borrero, J. C.; Weiss, R.; Lynett, P. J.; Titov, V. V.; Foteinis, S.; Jaffe, B. E.; Liu, P. L.- F.; Chan, I.-c. (2010). "Field Survey of the Samoa Tsunami of 29 September 2009" (PDF). Seismological Research Letters. 81 (4): 577–591. Bibcode:2010SeiRL..81..577O. doi:10.1785/gssrl.81.4.577. Retrieved 19 March 2022.

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