This paleomammalogy list records new fossilmammaltaxa that were described during the year 2017, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.
Metatherians
Research
A study on the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Eobrasilia coutoi is published by Carneiro & Oliveira (2017).[1]
New information on the skull anatomy of Peratherium cuvieri is published by Selva & Ladevèze (2017).[2]
Description of the skull morphology of Epidolops ameghinoi and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of Polydolopimorphia is published by Beck (2017).[4]
A study on the causes of decline and extinction of sparassodonts is published by López-Aguirre et al. (2017).[5]
A study on the age of a specimen of Zygomaturus trilobus recovered from the Willandra Lakes locality (Australia), indicating that this species persisted for a considerable time after the first arrival of Indigenous Australians, is published by Westaway, Olley & Grün (2017).[6]
A study evaluating whether the decline of Australian megafaunal population in the Pleistocene, leading to megafaunal extinction in Australia, was caused by the climate changes is published by van der Kaars et al. (2017).[7]
A study on the environmental setting and diet of marsupials from two concentrated, fossil bone horizons at Cuddie Springs (Australia: one from the middle Pleistocene, and the second from the late Pleistocene, based on isotopic data and teeth microwear, is published by DeSantis et al. (2017).[8]
A study on the Pleistocene marsupial Diprotodon optatum, indicating it undertook seasonal, two-way migration in eastern Sahul, is published by Price et al. (2017).[9]
A study on the species richness and relative abundance of macropodiform marsupials from Riversleigh is published by Butler et al. (2017).[10]
A study exploring the potential of the collagen fingerprinting method also known as Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry in studying Australian vertebrate palaeobiodiversity, using it to identify Late Pleistocene kangaroo fossils from two caves in Tasmania, is published by Buckley et al. (2017).[11]
A bandicoot. The type species is "Peroryctes" tedfordi Turnbull, Ludelius & Archer (2003); genus also includes new species S. karae and S. hamiltonensis.
A study on the completeness of the eutherian fossil record, intending to establish whether the lack of placental mammal fossils in the Cretaceous is more likely to be caused by poor fossil record or by genuine absence of placental mammals in the Cretaceous, is published by Davies et al. (2017).[20]
Revision of the fossil material of the species assigned to the basal eutherian genus Prokennalestes and a study on their morphological and size variability is published by Lopatin & Averianov (2017).[21]
A study on the impact of biotic (competition pressure) and abiotic factors (environmental change) on the evolutionary success, decline and extinction of large fossil herbivorous mammals from North America, Europe and Turkana Basin in Africa is published by Žliobaitė, Fortelius & Stenseth (2017).[22]
A study on the impacts of temperature and human activities in causing extirpations on local and regional scales, as well as on the causes of the extinction or major extirpations of four megafauna mammalian groups (i.e. mammoth, rhinoceros, horse and deer) in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, is published by Wang & Zhang (2017).[23]
A study of the phylogenetic relationships of the Paleoceneplacental mammals is published by Halliday, Upchurch and Goswami (2017).[24]
A study on the impact of the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 on the evolution of the body size in four placental lineages, especially in the early equid lineage Arenahippus pernix, is published by D'Ambrosia et al. (2017).[25]
A study evaluating whether the extinction of the Pleistocenemegafauna of North America was caused by rapid overhunting after the appearance of humans by comparing the dates of the last appearances of megafauna and first appearances of humans across North America is published by Emery-Wetherell, McHorse & Davis (2017).[26]
Menéndez et al. (2017) infer the climatic variables for the middle Miocene of the Somosaguas vertebrate fossil site (Spain) on the basis of the body size structure of the mammal fauna known from the site, which is intimately related to climate and vegetation.[27]
A study on the phylogenetic placement of members of the genus Thalassocnus within Megatheria is published by Amson, de Muizon & Gaudin (2017).[33]
Description of new mylodontinesloth remains from the late Pleistocene of Ecuador and Peru and a revision of the taxonomy of the genus Glossotherium is published by De Iuliis et al. (2017), who consider Glossotherium tropicorum to be a valid species.[34]
A study on a specimen of Stegomastodon platensis (or Notiomastodon platensis) recovered from Pleistocene fluvial sediments in the Santiago Basin (Chile), recovering life history information relating to the final four years of life and the season of death, is published by El Adli et al. (2017).[35]
Pleistocene proboscidean remains associated with human teeth are described from the Mawokou Cave (Guizhou, China) by Wang et al. (2017), who assign this fossil material to the species Stegodon orientalis and Elephas maximus.[38]
A study on the population dynamics of the mammoths and mastodons in the North American Midwest during the late Pleistocene and the possible causes of their regional extinction is published by Widga et al. (2017).[39]
A study on the regional variability of the diet of the American mastodon (Mammut americanum) is published by Green, DeSantis & Smith (2017).[40]
Meyer et al. (2017) report the recovery of full mitochondrial genomes from four and partial nuclear genomes from two fossils of the straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus), the analysis of which indicated that the straight-tusked elephant was a close relative of the African forest elephant.[41]
A study on the detrimental mutations in members of the relict, Holocene population of the woolly mammoth from the Wrangel Island prior to the extinction of the population is published by Rogers & Slatkin (2017).[42]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the late Pleistocene woolly mammoth populations based on the data set of 143 mammoth mitochondrial genomes is published by Chang et al. (2017).[43]
A study determining the sex of 98 woolly mammoth specimens collected at various locations throughout Siberia is published by Pečnerová et al. (2017), who report a significant skew toward males among the studied specimens and search for possible explanations of the observed skew in sex ratio.[44]
Fellows Yates et al. (2017) identify and generate twenty woolly mammoth mitochondrial genomes based on Late Pleistocene material from central Europe.[45]
A study on the habitat preferences of the desmostyliansDesmostylus and Paleoparadoxia as indicated by their fossil occurrences is published by Matsui et al. (2017).[46]
A study on the humeralmorphology of the desmostylians, intending to establish whether different desmostylian genera can be distinguished on the basis of their humeri, is published by Matsui (2017).[47]
A study on the diversity of bats of Haiti through time based on fossil evidence is published by Soto-Centeno, Simmons & Steadman (2017).[49]
A study on the body size variation in Neogeneodd-toed ungulates and even-toed ungulates from Europe and North America and on whether it is correlated with origination and/or extinction rates across clades and regions is published by Huang et al. (2017).[50]
A redescription of the skull anatomy of the holotype specimen of Eoastrapostylops riolorense, with an emphasis on the auditory region, is published by Kramarz, Bond & Rougier (2017), who interpret this species as a member of a basalmeridiungulate lineage that diverged before the differentiation among astrapotheres, pyrotheres and notoungulates.[51]
A study on variation in teeth growth and eruption in notoungulates in the context of geological, climatic and environmental changes taking place in South America from the late Paleocene onwards is published by Gomes Rodrigues, Herrel & Billet (2017).[55]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of hegetotheriid notoungulates, as well as their possible ancestral area and vicariance, dispersal and extinction events, is published by Seoane, Roig Juñent & Cerdeño (2017).[57]
Revision of the content of the hegetotheriid species Prohegetotherium sculptum based on a reexamination of the type specimens and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of hegetotheriids is published by Kramarz & Bond (2017).[58]
Description of a skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa with a well-preserved skull and jaws associated with postcrania, recovered from the Eocene of Cañadón Vaca (Argentina), and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Carrillo & Asher (2017).[59]
A study comparing tooth morphology and development in mesotheriid notoungulates and extant gundis is published by Gomes Rodrigues et al. (2017).[60]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the rhinoceros genus Stephanorhinus based on ancient protein sequences is published by Welker et al. (2017).[64]
Skull of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis is described from the Chondon River valley (Arctic Yakutia, Russia) by Kirillova et al. (2017), representing the first find of a member of the genus Stephanorhinus above the Arctic Circle.[65]
A study on the incidence of developmental abnormalities in the neck vertebrae (the presence of cervical ribs) in the late Pleistocene population of the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) is published by van der Geer & Galis (2017).[66]
Skeleton of a pregnant mare of Eurohippus messelensis with preserved soft tissues is described from the EoceneMessel pit (Germany) by Franzen & Habersetzer (2017).[67]
A study on the fossil horse metapodials, testing how locomotor bone stresses changed with digit reduction and increasing body size across the horse lineage, is published by McHorse, Biewener & Pierce (2017).[69]
A study on the diet and habitat of specimens of Dinohippus mexicanus and Neohipparion eurystyle known from the late Hemphillian localities in central Mexico as indicated by stable carbon and oxygen isotopes determined in molarenamel is published by Pérez-Crespo et al. (2017).[71]
A study on the number of species of horses that inhabited the Western Interior of North America prior to the end-Pleistocene extinction, based on cheek tooth morphology and ancient mtDNA, is published by Barrón-Ortiz et al. (2017).[72]
A study on the growth pattern of the first lower molar in extant and extinct species of Equus and its relationship with life history events is published by Nacarino-Meneses et al. (2017).[73]
A study on the morphology of the bony labyrinth of extant and extinct deers and on the phylogenetic relationships of fossil deers is published by Mennecart et al. (2017).[77]
Deer fossil (almost complete humerus) is reported from the late Miocene sedimentary sequence of the Bira Formation at Hagal Stream (western margin of the Jordan Valley, Israel) by Rozenbaum et al. (2017), representing the first record of a terrestrial mammal reported from the sequence.[78]
A study on the diet of the MiocenebovidHezhengia bohlini as indicated by enamel microwear is published by Semprebon, Solounias & Tao (2017).[81]
A study on the timing of bison arrival in North America as indicated by mitochondrial genomes extracted from fossil specimens is published by Froese et al. (2017).[82][83]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the Pleistocene species Bison schoetensacki as indicated by recovered ancient DNA is published by Palacio et al. (2017).[84]
Partial skeleton of a bison related to the steppe bison is described from the middle Holocene (~ 5,400 years ago) of Yukon (Canada) by Zazula et al. (2017), confirming local survival of northern steppe bison populations into the Holocene.[85]
Description of the bony labyrinth of two Eocene (Lutetian) protocetid specimens from Kpogamé (Togo) and a study on the implications of the anatomy of the specimens for the hearing abilities of early whales is published by Mourlam & Orliac (2017).[87]
A detailed description of the holotype specimen of Cynthiacetus peruvianus and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of archaeocetes (especially basilosaurids) is published by Martínez-Cáceres, Lambert & de Muizon (2017).[88]
New Oligo-Miocene eomysticetid specimens are described from New Zealand by Boessenecker & Fordyce (2017), including a member of the genus Waharoa from the earliest Miocene (the most recent eomysticetid specimen reported so far).[90]
Two teeth of a large toothed whale from the group Physeteroidea (belonging or related to the genus Zygophyseter) are described from the Middle or Upper Miocene of Netherlands by Reumer, Mens & Post (2017).[92]
A study of the fossil record of the mysticetes, testing when and how gigantism evolved in mysticetes, is published by Slater, Goldbogen & Pyenson (2017).[94]
A study on the teeth sharpness and function in archaic mysticetes is published by Hocking et al. (2017).[95]
A study on the correlates between the morphology of the calcaneum and the locomotor mode in extant carnivorans, and their implications for determining the locomotor mode in extinct carnivorans and creodonts, is published by Panciroli et al. (2017).[102]
A study on the anatomy of the bony labyrinth of Hyaenodon exiguus and its implications for the paleobiology of the species is published by Pfaff et al. (2017).[104]
An incus of Hyaenodon (the first known auditory ossicle of this genus and of any hyaenodont mammal so far) is described and compared to a large set of includes of extant carnivorans by Bastl, Nagel & Solé (2017).[105]
A revision of canid fossils from the late Pliocene site of Kvabebi (Georgia), revealing the co-occurrence of members of the genera Nyctereutes, Eucyon and Vulpes, is published by Rook et al. (2017).[107]
A study on the morphological adaptations linked to grasping and digging ability, substrate preference and locomotory mode in the forelimb of Cyonasua is published by Tarquini et al. (2017).[108]
A reevaluation of the MiocenemustelidHadrictis fricki is published by Valenciano et al. (2017), who consider Hadrictis to be a junior synonym of the genus Eomellivora and transfer H. fricki to the genus Eomellivora.[109]
A description of the skull and neck morphology and a study on the feeding behaviour of the bear dogMagericyon anceps is published by Siliceo et al. (2017).[114]
A revision of the fossil bear species "Ursus" abstrusus Bjork (1970) based on new remains from the Pliocene of Ellesmere Island (Nunavut, Canada) is published by Wang et al. (2017), who transfer this species to the genus Protarctos.[115]
A study on the absolute and relative brain size of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), comparing it with brain size of extant bear species, an on potential variables affecting their brain size evolution is published by Veitschegger (2017).[116]
A study estimating the extinction time of the cave bear and Ursus ingressus is published by Mackiewicz et al. (2017).[117]
A revision and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the Mioceneearless seals assigned to the genera Prophoca and Leptophoca is published by Dewaele, Lambert & Louwye (2017).[118]
A skull of Hyaenictis aff. almerai, representing the most complete European specimen of the genus, is described from the Miocene of Spain by Vinuesa et al. (2017).[119]
A study on the dietary ecology of the Pleistocene hyenaCrocuta crocuta ultima from China, evaluating its similarity to the dietary ecology of the extant spotted hyena, is published by DeSantis et al. (2017).[120]
A study on the evolution of the fore- and hindlimbs of sabretooth carnivorans is published by Martín-Serra, Figueirido & Palmqvist (2017).[121]
A study on the growth of forelimb bones of Smilodon fatalis as indicated by the anatomy of specimens recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits is published by Long et al. (2017).[122]
Paijmans et al. (2017) present partial mitochondrial genomes of Smilodon populator and members of the genus Homotherium, and identify a late Pleistocene (~28,000 years old) mandible recovered from the Brown Bank region in the North Sea as a fossil of a member of the genus Homotherium.[123]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of "Felis" pamiri Ozansoy (1959) from the late Miocene of Turkey is published by Geraads & Peigné (2017).[124]
A study on the braincase anatomy of the American lion (Panthera atrox) is published by Cuff, Stockey & Goswami (2017).[125]
Cuff, Goswami & Hutchinson (2017) estimate the size of the musculature of the limbs and vertebral column of the American lion.[126]
Fossils of a large felid from the late Pleistocene localities at southern Chile and Argentina are interpreted as fossils of the American lion by Chimento & Agnolin (2017).[127]
Report on the discovery of a talus bone of Donrussellia provincialis and a study on the anatomy of this bone and on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Boyer, Toussaint & Godinot (2017).[133]
A study on the locomotion and lifestyle of Adapis parisiensis as indicated by inner earmorphology is published by Bernardi & Couette (2017).[134]
New material attributed to Agerinia smithorum, consisting of isolated teeth and a fragment of calcaneus, is described from the Eocene locality of Casa Retjo-1 (Spain) by Femenias-Gual et al. (2017).[135]
A study on the anatomy of the teeth of Mesopithecus pentelicus and its implication for dietary preferences of members of the species is published by Thiery et al. (2017).[138]
A study on the morphology of the teeth and jaws of Morotopithecus bishopi and Afropithecus turkanensis, indicating them to be likely distinct species with dissimilar feeding adaptations, is published by Deane (2017).[140]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Graecopithecus, indicating its possible affinity with hominins (humans and their non-ape ancestors), is published by Fuss et al. (2017);[141] a different analysis, aiming to refute the hypothesis that Graecopithecus is a member of the hominin clade, is subsequently published by Benoit & Thackeray (2017).[142][143]
A study on the age of the fossils of Graecopithecus freybergi, and on the environmental conditions under which it thrived, is published by Böhmeet al. (2017).[144]
A study on the evolution of body mass and stature of hominins is published by Will, Pablos & Stock (2017).[148]
Partial skeleton of Australopithecus afarensis, preserving all seven neck vertebrae and 12 rib-bearing vertebrae (like humans, rather than 13 like African apes) is described from Dikika (Ethiopia) by Ward et al. (2017).[149]
A study on the morphology of the holotype skull of Australopithecus sediba and its implications for the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Kimbel & Rak (2017).[152]
A study on the aridity in eastern Africa over the past 4.4 million years as indicated by oxygen isotope ratios in fossil herbivore tooth enamel, and on its implications for inferring the role of climate in shaping early hominin environments, is published by Blumenthal et al. (2017).[153]
A study on the environmental changes in the lower Awash Valley and Turkana Basin from 3.5 to 1 million years ago (with a focus on the latest Pliocene) based on new analyses of mammal communities and new stable carbon isotope data for mammalian tooth enamel, including that of the earliest members of the genus Homo, is published by Robinson et al. (2017).[154]
A study on the modified mammalian bones from the Plio–Pleistocene of Ethiopia is published by Sahle, El Zaatari & White (2017), who interpret the marks on some of these bones as more likely to be produced by crocodiles than by hominids using stone tools.[155]
A study on the knapping skills of the hominins inhabiting North China during early Pleistocene as indicated by stone tools from the Donggutuo locality is published by Yang et al. (2017).[156]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Homo floresiensis is published by Argue et al. (2017).[157]
A study on the age of the fossils of Homo naledi is published by Dirks et al. (2017).[158]
New fossils of Homo naledi are described from the Lesedi Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system by Hawkset al. (2017).[159]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Homo naledi as indicated by skull morphology is published by Schroeder et al. (2017).[160]
Studies on the anatomy of the skeleton of Homo naledi are published by Laird et al. (2017),[161] Williams et al. (2017),[162] Feuerriegel et al. (2017)[163] and Marchi et al. (2017).[164]
A study on the location, number, and severity of fractures in the teeth of Homo naledi and their implications for the diet of the taxon is published by Towle, Irish & De Groote (2017).[165]
A study on the body size, proportions and absolute and relative brain size in Homo naledi is published by Garvin et al. (2017).[166]
A study on the tooth formation and eruption in Homo naledi is published by Cofran & Walker (2017).[167]
A phenetic analysis of the fossils of Homo naledi is published by Neves, Bernardo & Pantaleoni (2017), who consider both Homo naledi and Australopithecus sediba to be likely junior synonyms of Homo habilis.[168]
A study on the age of the Vallonnet site (France) and on its implications for the knowledge of the first dispersals of members of the genus Homo during the early Pleistocene (Calabrian) in this area of Europe is published by Michel et al. (2017).[169]
Two skulls of archaic members of the genus Homo of uncertain phylogenetic placement are described from the Pleistocene of China by Li et al. (2017).[170]
A description of a hominin skull recovered from the Aroeira cave in Portugal, dated as approximately 400,000 years old, and a study on its implications for the diversity of the Middle Pleistocene European hominins is published by Daura et al. (2017).[172]
A 130,000-year-old rocks interpreted as hammerstones and stone anvils, associated with remains of a mastodon (Mammut americanum) showing signs of breakage, are described from the Cerutti Mastodon site in California by Holen et al. (2017), who interpret the finding as indicating that an unidentified species of Homo reached North America during the early late Pleistocene;[173][174] the study is subsequently criticized by Haynes (2017), Braje et al. (2017), Ferraro et al. (2018), Ferrell (2019) and Sutton, Parkinson & Rosen (2019).[175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182]
Traces of ancient mammalian DNA, including Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA, are identified in Pleistocene cave sediments, including those lacking skeletal remains, by Slon et al. (2017).[183]
A study on the evolutionary history of Neanderthals and Denisovans based on genetic data is published by Rogers, Bohlender & Huff (2017).[184][185][186]
Slon et al. (2017) report the retrieval of DNA from a molar of a Denisovan, considered by the authors to be one of the oldest hominin remains discovered at Denisova Cave.[187]
A study on the age of Neanderthal remains recovered from Vindija Cave (Croatia) is published by Devièse et al. (2017).[188]
Prüfer et al. (2017) sequence the genome of a Neanderthal woman known from remains found in Vindija Cave.[189]
Complete mtDNA is reported from a Neanderthal femur from the Hohlenstein-Stadel cave (Germany) by Posth et al. (2017), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the timing of genetic introgression event from African hominins into Neanderthal populations.[190]
A study on the growth patterns of Neanderthals based on a partial skeleton of a Neanderthal child from the El Sidrón site (Spain) is published by Rosas et al. (2017).[191][192][193]
A study on the genetic contribution of Neanderthals to phenotypic variation in modern humans is published by Dannemann & Kelso (2017).[194]
A reconstruction of the internal nasal cavity of a Neanderthal and a study comparing the breathing cycle in Neanderthals and modern humans is published by de Azevedo et al. (2017).[195][196][197]
A study on the hunting strategies of the Neanderthals based on data from the deer and horse remains from the Abric Romaní site (Catalonia, Spain) is published by Marín et al. (2017).[198]
The first genetic analysis of dental calculus from five Neanderthal individuals from El Sidrón cave in Spain, Spy Cave in Belgium and Breuil Grotta in Italy is published by Weyrich et al. (2017), who also evaluate the implications of their findings for inferring Neanderthal diet, behaviour, and disease;[199] the authors' interpretation of their results is subsequently criticized by Charlier, Gaultier & Héry-Arnaud (2019).[200]
Teeth of modern humans recovered from the Lida Ajer cave in Sumatra (Indonesia) are dated as between 73,000 and 63,000 years old by Westaway et al. (2017).[203]
Artifacts recovered at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia, indicating that humans colonized Australia at least 65,000 years ago, are reported by Clarkson et al. (2017);[204] their conclusions about the age of these artifacts are subsequently questioned by Allen (2017)[205][206] and O'Connellet al. (2018).[207]
A study on the diet of the oldest anatomically modern humans from southeast Europe, based on isotopic data from human bones from the Pleistocene of Crimea, is published by Drucker et al. (2017).[208]
A member of the family Felidae belonging to the subfamily Felinae; a new genus for "Styriofelis" vallesiensis Salesa et al. (2012). Announced in 2017; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2019.
A member of the family Aplodontidae belonging to the subfamily Prosciurinae. The type species is "Paramys" relictus Cope (1873); genus also includes A. albiclivus (Korth, 1994) and A. clausulus (Korth, 2009).
A member of Talpidae belonging to the tribe Urotrichini. The type species is "Myxomygale" minor Ziegler (1990); genus also includes "Myxomygale" vauclusensis Crochet (1995).
A member of Hyaenodonta belonging to the group Hyainailourinae. The type species is S. occultus; genus also includes "Metapterodon" markgrafi Holroyd (1999).
A study on the ancestral activity patterns of mammals inferred from the activity patterns of extant mammals is published by Maor et al. (2017), who argue that mammals most likely originated from ancestors which remained nocturnal throughout the Mesozoic until either shortly before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event or just after it (considered more likely by the authors).[352]
A study on the evolution of jaw muscles across the cynodont–mammaliaform transition is published by Lautenschlager et al. (2017).[353]
A study on the morphological changes to the jaw processes in the evolution of Mesozoic mammals (especially early cladotherians) and their implications for changes to the jaw muscle vectors and jaw rotation is published by Grossnickle (2017).[354]
A description of the morphology of the postcranial skeleton of Yanoconodon allini and a study on its implications for the posture and locomotion of members of this species is published by Chen, Luo & Wilson (2017).[358]
A study on the anatomy of the skull of Necrolestes patagonensis, with emphasis on its adaptations to a fossorial lifestyle, is published by Wible & Rougier (2017).[361]
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