Any citizen of the Republic of China who has attained the age of 18 years shall have the right of election, recall, initiative and referendum in accordance with law. Except as otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law, any citizen who has attained the age of 18 years shall have the right of being elected in accordance with law. The provisions of Articles 130 of the Constitution shall cease to apply.
Voting system
Amendment is ratified if votes in favour exceed half of eligible voters (9,619,696).
Outcome
Failed due to insufficient votes
Results
Choice
Votes
%
Yes
5,647,102
52.96%
No
5,016,427
47.04%
Valid votes
10,663,529
93.99%
Invalid or blank votes
682,403
6.01%
Total votes
11,345,932
100.00%
Eligible to vote/turnout
19,239,392
58.97%
A constitutional referendum was held in Taiwan on 26 November 2022. Voters voted on adding Article 1-1 to the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China. Had it passed, the voting age would have been lowered from 20 to 18 years. The amendment would also have lowered the minimum age of candidacy from 23 to 18 years once the relevant electoral laws had been amended accordingly.
It was the first constitutional referendum since the suspension of the National Assembly in 2005. The amendment was defeated after the number of votes in favour of the motion fell short the threshold of half the eligible voters.[1]
This is the first time ratification of a constitutional amendment will be attempted via referendum without the consent of the National Assembly.[2]
There were several previous efforts and discussions to lower the voting age and related minimum ages from 20 to 18.[3] Proposals of such were defeated by the National Assembly in 1990s. In 2005, Youth Rights Alliance Taiwan became the first civic group to advocate lowering the voting age.[4] Movement grew stronger in 2015 as the Constitutional Amendment Committee [zh] of the Legislative Yuan debated on the issue, but failed to advance as KMT's demand to include absentee voting in constitutional amendment did not gather support from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).[5]
Rally outside Legislative Yuan in support of lowering voting age
Previous attempts to lower the voting age specifically included a bill proposed by the KMT legislative caucus in March 2020.[12] In May 2020, Tsai Ing-wen confirmed the Constitutional Amendment Committee will be established in the new session of the Legislative Yuan to discuss relevant proposals.[13] The committee was formally set up in October 2020.[14]
On 18 January 2022, the Constitutional Amendment Committee reviewed and passed a bill jointly sponsored by the DPP, New Power Party, and Taiwan People's Party.[15] The referendum was necessitated after the Legislative Yuan voted 109–0 on 25 March 2022 to lower the voting age and the age to stand for election to 18.[16][17] Four legislators did not attend the vote,[18] including three from the KMT. Eight youth rights groups and nongovernmental organizations formed a coalition to advocate for the bill's passage.[19] Supporters of the bill had used the hashtag #votefor18 when discussing the bill online.[20] On the day of the vote, a number of high school students gathered outside the Legislative Yuan, cheering when the bill passed.[18]
Any citizen of the Republic of China who has attained the age of 18 years shall have the right of election, recall, initiative and referendum in accordance with law. Except as otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law, any citizen who has attained the age of 18 years shall have the right of being elected in accordance with law. The provisions of Articles 130 of the Constitution shall cease to apply.
— Proposed Article 1-1 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China
If passed, voting age will be lowered from 20 to 18 years; the age for right to recall, initiative and participate in referendums will be set to 18 years by the constitution; the age of candidacy will be lowered from 23 to 18 years (only to come into effect once the relevant electoral laws regulating the age of candidacy are amended accordingly).[22]
Per the Constitution's Additional Articles, after a vote for a constitutional amendment has passed with at least a three-fourths supermajority of a three-fourths quorum in the Legislative Yuan, the amendment must be voted on via referendum within a three-month period six months after the public announcement.[16][26] Half of all eligible voters (9,619,696) must vote for the referendum proposal for it to pass.[16][17] Although the Referendum Act allows citizens older than 18 to vote on referendums, citizens younger than 20 cannot participate in the voting age referendum because the voting age for referendums regarding constitutional amendments is outlined in the Constitution.[17][27]
Results
With 5.6 million voting in support, 5 million in opposition, and six percent of voters casting invalid ballots, the referendum failed.[28][29] In conjunction with 2022 local elections, it was thought that a desire among KMT supporters to contain the Democratic Progressive Party, along with a higher turnout among those supporters, contributed to the referendum's failure to pass.[30]
^ abTeng, Pei-ju (25 March 2022). "Legislature passes constitutional bill to lower voting age (update)". Central News Agency. Retrieved 25 March 2022. Dozens of students and NGO representatives gathered outside the Legislative Yuan building on Friday morning to express their support for the amendment. They shouted such slogans as "I am a high school student; I want my vote!" as the bill was being discussed on the legislative floor....The proposed amendment to grant a Taiwanese citizen who is 18 years of age and above the right to vote cleared the Legislature after all the 109 legislators in attendance voted unanimously in favor of the revision, sending the issue to a national referendum later this year...At the same time, those who gathered outside the Legislature cheered the approval of the bill by lawmakers.
^Wang, Cheng-chung; Teng, Pei-ju (23 March 2022). "Student groups call for bipartisan support for lowering voting age". Central News Agency. Retrieved 26 March 2022. At a press conference on Wednesday, a coalition of eight student groups and local NGOs, including the Taiwan Youth Association for Democracy (TYAD) and the Judicial Reform Foundation, called on all lawmakers to vote in favor of the amendment.
