V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0D1gene.[5][6]
This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'', and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is known as the D subunit and is found ubiquitously.[6]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^van Hille B, Vanek M, Richener H, Green JR, Bilbe G (Jan 1994). "Cloning and tissue distribution of subunits C, D, and E of the human vacuolar H(+)-ATPase". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 197 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2434. PMID8250920.
Stevens TH, Forgac M (1998). "Structure, function and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase". Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 13 (1): 779–808. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.779. PMID9442887.
Agarwal AK, White PC (2001). "Structure of the VPATPD gene encoding subunit D of the human vacuolar proton ATPase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 279 (2): 543–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4003. PMID11118322.