Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress

A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress
AuthorAlexander Hamilton
LanguageEnglish
Followed byThe Farmer Refuted 

A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress was one of Alexander Hamilton's first published works, published in December 1774, while Hamilton was either a 19 or a 17-year-old student at King's College, later renamed Columbia University, in New York City.[1][2]

In this pamphlet, dated December 15, 1774,[3] Hamilton defended the actions of the First Continental Congress at Philadelphia against the accusations of author A.W. Farmer ("A Westchester Farmer"),[1][4] a pseudonym of Samuel Seabury, Episcopal rector of Westchester County, who had written an incendiary loyalist pamphlet attacking the Congress, Free Thoughts on the Proceedings of the Continental Congress, dated November 16, 1774.[3] Most political essays of the time were written under pen names.[5] The identity of Farmer was not known at the time Hamilton wrote his reply, although it was generally thought that the author was among the Anglican ministers who were among the most articulate Loyalists.[2] Hamilton might have believed, as others did at the time, that the author of Free Thoughts was the president of his own college, the Reverend Myles Cooper.[2][5] Cooper was indeed part of a "Loyalist literary clique" that included Seabury and Charles Inglis (later rector of Trinity Church in New York), and was aware that Seabury had written the pamphlet.[5]

Hamilton's thirty-five page reply to Farmer, addressed to "Friends and Countrymen," took two to three weeks to write and is signed "A Friend to America"; it responds systematically to Farmer's argument.[1][2][5] Hamilton warns against "the men who advise you to forsake the plain path, marked out for you by the congress" and states that "our representatives in general assembly cannot take any wise or better course to settle out differences, than our representatives in the continental congress have taken."[1]

After A Full Vindication was published, "Farmer" (Seabury) responded with another pamphlet, A View of the Controversy, dated December 24, 1774, but not announced until January 5, 1775.[6] Hamilton then responded with another pamphlet, The Farmer Refuted, on February 23, 1775.[1][6] With these two pamphlets, Hamilton "embraced wholeheartedly the 'radical' American side" of the growing conflict with the Kingdom of Great Britain.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Joseph C. Morton, Shapers of the Great Debate at the Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Biographical Dictionary (2006), Greenword: p. 125.
  2. ^ a b c d James Flexner, The Young Hamilton: A Biography (1978), Fordham University Press: p. 67.
  3. ^ a b Alexander Hamilton; Harold C. Syrett (1961). The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Columbia University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-231-08900-5.
  4. ^ Ross N. Hebb, Samuel Seabury and Charles Inglis: Two Bishops, Two Churches (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press (2010), p. 114.
  5. ^ a b c d Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton (2005), Penguin: pp. 57-58.
  6. ^ a b Alexander Hamilton; Harold C. Syrett (1961). The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Columbia University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-231-08900-5.

Links to original sources
Read more information:

M.T. Risyaf

M.T. RisyafLahirMourtadha Risyaf7 Juni 1947 (umur 76)PemangkatPekerjaanSutradara M.T. Risyaf (lahir di Pemangkat, Kalimantan Barat, 7 Juni 1947) adalah sutradara Indonesia yang menggarap film Kembang Semusim pada tahun 1980 sebagai film perdana yang disutradarainya. Filmografi Kembang Semusim (1980) Bawalah Aku Pergi (1981) Jejak Pengantin (1983) Kesan Pertama (1984) Merangkul Langit (1985) Naga Bonar (1987) Omong Besar (1988) Sepondok Dua Cinta (1990) Yang Tercinta (1991) Pelangi Nusa Laut…

Kakutani fixed-point theorem

Fixed-point theorem for set-valued functions In mathematical analysis, the Kakutani fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem for set-valued functions. It provides sufficient conditions for a set-valued function defined on a convex, compact subset of a Euclidean space to have a fixed point, i.e. a point which is mapped to a set containing it. The Kakutani fixed point theorem is a generalization of the Brouwer fixed point theorem. The Brouwer fixed point theorem is a fundamental result in topo…

Johan Hansma

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Johan Hansma di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbang…

Pseudogen

Pseudogen (Inggris; Pseudogenes) adalah salinan gen yang biasanya tidak memiliki intron dan urutan DNA, dan bisa juga diartikan sebagai segmen non-fungsional dari DNA yang menyerupai fungsional asli dari gen itu sendiri.[1] Meskipun pseudogen secara genetik terlihat mirip dengan gen fungsional asli, namun pseudogen sudah mengalami banyak mutasi. Sebagian besar pseudogen muncul sebagai salinan gen fungsional yang berlebihan, baik secara langsung oleh duplikasi DNA ataupun juga secara tida…

Fire Force

Fire ForceGambar sampul manga volume pertama炎炎ノ消防隊(En'en no Shōbōtai)GenrePetualangan,[1] fantasi gelap,[2] fiksi ilmiah[3] MangaPengarangAtsushi ŌkuboPenerbitKodanshaPenerbit bahasa InggrisNA Kodansha USAPenerbit bahasa IndonesiaElex Media KomputindoMajalahWeekly Shōnen MagazineDemografiShōnenTerbit23 September 2015 – sekarangVolume34 (Daftar volume) Seri animeSutradaraYuki Yase (musim 1)Tatsuma Minamikawa (musim 2)SkenarioYamato Haijima (musim 1)Tatsu…

Ideopsis juventa

Ideopsis juventa Tampak atas I. j. tontoliensis Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Lepidoptera Famili: Nymphalidae Genus: Ideopsis Spesies: I. juventa Nama binomial Ideopsis juventa(Cramer, [1777]) Sinonim Papilio juventa Cramer, [1777] Ideopsis catella Fruhstorfer, 1912 Ideopsis chevalieri Hulstaert, 1924 Ideopsis claviger (Gmelin, 1790) Ideopsis doreyana Joicey & Talbot, 1925 Ideopsis hadrumeta Fruhstorfer, 1911 Ideopsis homonyma Bryk, 1937 Ra…

Ikan tamban

Ikan tamban Status konservasi Risiko Rendah (IUCN 3.1) Klasifikasi ilmiah Domain: Eukaryota Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Actinopterygii Ordo: Clupeiformes Subordo: Clupeoidei Famili: Spratelloididae Genus: Spratelloides Spesies: Spratelloides gracilis(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Ikan tamban atau ikan Kibinago ( Spratelloides gracilis ) adalah ikan mangsa kecil mirip herring . Mereka adalah ikan-ikan kecil yang digunakan sebagai umpan mancing, khususnya dalam mancing cakalang…

Daftar katedral di Papua Nugini

Ini adalah daftar katedral di Papua Nugini diurutkan berdasarkan denominasi. Katedral Santa Maria, Port Moresby Katolik Katedral Gereja Katolik di Papua Nugini:[1][2] Katedral Santo Ignasius, Aitape Katedral Hati Kudus Yesus, Alotau Katedral Bunda Maria dari Hati Kudus, Bereina Katedral Bunda Maria Dikandung Tanpa Noda, Hahela Katedral Santo Gerardus, Kiunga Kon-Katedral Santo Louis de Montfort, Daru Katedral Maria Penolong Umat Kristiani di Kefamo, Goroka Katedral Bunda Maria da…

21 & Over (film)

21 & OverPoster resmiSutradaraJon LucasScott MooreProduserDavid HobermanRyan KavanaughTodd LiebermanDitulis olehJon LucasScott MoorePemeranJustin ChonMiles TellerSkylar AstinSarah WrightPenata musikLyle WorkmanSinematograferTerry StaceyPenyuntingJohn RefouaPerusahaanproduksiVirgin ProducedMandeville FilmsSkyLand EntertainmentDistributorRelativity MediaTanggal rilis 01 Maret 2013 (2013-03-01)[1] Durasi93 Menit[2]NegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaInggrisAnggaran$13 Juta[…

Alexander Wilyo

Alexander Wilyo, S.STP.,M.Si Sekretaris Daerah Kabupaten KetapangPetahanaMulai menjabat 27 Agustus 2021.PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurCornelisBupatiMartin Rantan PendahuluSuherman (pj)PenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir02 Agustus 1979 (umur 44) Ketapang, Kalimantan BaratKebangsaanIndonesiaAlma materSekolah Tinggi Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (2001)ProfesiPegawai Negeri SipilPangkat / GolonganPembina Utama Muda / IV CMasa Dinas2001 - SekarangInstansi Pemerintah Kabupaten KetapangSatkerSek…

100 Years (film)

100 YearsPoster promosionalSutradaraRobert RodriguezDitulis olehJohn MalkovichPemeran John Malkovich Shuya Chang Marko Zaror Penata musikPharrell WilliamsSinematograferClaudio MirandaPerusahaanproduksiKouz ProductionMoonwalk FilmsTroublemaker StudiosTanggal rilis18 November 2115 (2115-11-18)NegaraPrancisBahasaInggris 100 Years (bahasa Indonesia: 100 Tahun) adalah sebuah film fiksi ilmiah eksperimental mendatang yang ditulis oleh John Malkovich dan disutradarai oleh Robert Rodriguez. D…

Men in nursing

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A U.S. Navy nurse attends to a child. Nursing is a profession which is staffed unproportionately by women in most parts of the world.[1][2][3] According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2020 State …

Kabinet Ekuador

Kabinet Ekuador, nama resmi: Kabinet Revolusi Warga (Spanyol: Gabinete de la Revolución Ciudadanacode: es is deprecated ), adalah cabang eksekutif dari pemerintah Ekuador.[1] Kabinet diangkat oleh Presiden. Kabinet saat ini Pelantikan kabinet dilaksanakan pada tanggal 23 Mei 2017.[2] Kabinet Ekuador Masa Kepresidenan Lenín Moreno, 2017–sekarang Jabatan Nama Masa Jabatan Presiden Lenín Moreno 2017–sekarang Wakil Presiden María Alejandra Vicuña 2017–sekarang Menteri Pert…

The Hobbit, Southampton

Hobbit themed pub in Southampton The Hobbit, on Bevois Valley Road, Southampton The Hobbit is a pub in the Bevois Valley area of Southampton, England. Previously the Portswood Hotel, it was named after J. R. R. Tolkien's book The Hobbit in 1989. In 2012 the pub was involved in a legal dispute with Middle-earth Enterprises, a company owned by film producer Saul Zaentz, over its use of the name. History and facilities The Hobbit was originally known as the Portswood Hotel, and appears on 19th-cent…

Strada statale 235 di Orzinuovi

Strada statale 235di OrzinuoviDenominazioni precedentiStrada statale 235 di Orzinuovi Denominazioni successiveStrada provinciale ex strada statale 235 di Orzinuovi (in provincia di Pavia e in provincia di Lodi) Strada provinciale cremonese ex strada statale 235 di Orzinuovi (in provincia di Cremona) Strada provinciale bresciana 235 di Orzinuovi (in provincia di Brescia) LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Lombardia DatiClassificazioneStrada statale InizioPavia FineBrescia Lunghezza98,79…

Constitution of Slovenia

National constitution Politics of Slovenia UN Member State(UNSC Member · ECOSOC Member)EU Member State(Eurozone Member · Schengen Area Member)NATO Member StateCouncil of Europe Member StateOECD Member State Constitution Constitutional Court Constitution of Slovenia Executive President of the Republic Nataša Pirc Musar Prime Minister Robert Golob Government Golob Cabinet Legislature Parliament National Council President Marko Lotrič National Assembly Speaker Urška Klakočar Zupančič 9th Na…

Academy Awards ke-85

Academy Awards ke-85Poster resmiTanggal24 Februari 2013TempatDolby TheatreHollywood, Los Angeles, California, ASPembawa acaraSeth MacFarlane[1]Pembawa pra-acaraJess CagleKristin ChenowethKelly RowlandRobin RobertsLara Spencer[2]ProduserNeil Meron dan Craig Zadan[3]Pengarah acaraDon Mischer[4]SorotanFilm TerbaikArgoPenghargaan terbanyakLife of Pi (4)Nominasi terbanyakLincoln (12)Liputan televisiJaringanABCDurasi3 jam, 35 menit[5]Peringkat40.38 juta 24.47% (…

منتخب جمهورية التشيك لكرة السلة

منتخب جمهورية التشيك لكرة السلة الجمهورية التشيكية التصنيف 10 ▲ 14 (16 سبتمبر 2019)[1] انضم للاتحاد الدولي 1993 منطفة فيبا الاتحاد الأوروبي لكرة السلة البلد الجمهورية التشيكية تأسس عام 1993  الألعاب الأولمبية المشاركة لا يوجد الميداليات لا يوجد كأس العالم لكرة السلة المشاركة 1…

عبد المجيد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود

عبد المجيد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1942الرياض، المملكة العربية السعودية الوفاة 5 مايو 2007 (65 سنة)سياتل، واشنطن،  الولايات المتحدة سبب الوفاة ابيضاض الدم  مكان الدفن مقبرة العود الجنسية سعودي الأب عبد العزيز آل سعود  إخوة وأخوات لطيفة بنت عبد العزيز آ…

Fisciano

FiscianoKomuneComune di FiscianoLokasi Fisciano di Provinsi SalernoNegara ItaliaWilayah CampaniaProvinsiSalerno (SA)Luas[1] • Total31,48 km2 (12,15 sq mi)Ketinggian[2]320 m (1,050 ft)Populasi (2016)[3] • Total13.677 • Kepadatan430/km2 (1,100/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos84084Kode area telepon089Situs webhttp://www.comune.fisciano.sa.it Fisciano ada…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya