Accokeek Creek Site

	Accokeek Creek Site
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
	Location of the burial site of Turkey Tayac, in the Accokeek Creek Site Accokeek Creek Site (the United States)
Nearest city	Accokeek, Maryland
Coordinates	38°41′45.7″N 77°03′06.6″W / 38.696028°N 77.051833°W
NRHP reference No.	66000909
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966
Designated NHL	July 19, 1964

Accokeek Creek Site, also known as Moyaone, is an archaeological site in Prince George's County, Maryland, located along the Potomac River across from Mount Vernon in today's Piscataway Park, which was inhabited intermittently since 2000 BC.^[3] Accokeek Creek Site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.^[3]

Description

The National Park Service describes the site as "remarkable for its variety and concentration of human occupation sites. Accokeek included a palisaded village that was occupied from ca. A.D. 1300 to ca. 1630. The site has been used by archeologists to define a culture-history sequence in prehistoric archaeology for the Mid-Atlantic region."^[3] The site dates from the Late Archaic Period, ca. 3,000 BC, to the historic period. During the Middle Woodland Period, ca. AD 800, small horticultural villages were established.

The village called Moyaone appeared during the late-16th and early-17th centuries. Moyaone, also named the Accokeek Creek site, is the sister site of Potomac Creek, 44ST2 and it is thought that they were settled around the same time.^[4] This village had many palisade lines and faced the Potomac.^[5] The formations of this site and Potomac Creek are similar in that the outermost system of the village is the only one to include an interior ditch or borrow pits. There are no bastions found at the Moyaone village. Its maximum population has been estimated to be between 300 and 320, while its size having been 6,100 m².^[4] Archaeology has indicated numerous building periods which leads to believing these people had a long occupation at the site. Four ossuaries were found near the village and hold the remains of over 1,000 people. The village was abandoned before Contact (clarification needed). At the north end of the area near the Piscataway Creek there was a rectangular fort that was occupied by the Susquehannocks in 1674-75.^[5]

Ceramics

Moyaone ceramics are a Late Woodland ware and date from ca. 1300 to 1650 AD. They are found throughout the Western Shore Coastal Plain of Maryland. The ceramics are characterized by fine grained sand and mica temper, soft texture, compact paste, and smoothed interior and exterior surfaces. The paste is made of a fine-grained clay and has a texture that is soft, smooth, and compact. The temper is made from a fine-grained sand that has mica in it, which gives off a slight glitter appearance.

There are three defined types named Moyaone Plain, Moyaone Cord-Impressed, and Moyaone Incised. Moyaone Plain is undecorated. The Cord-Impressed is a simple ceramic and decoration is limited to the rim and lip. Decorations include stamped, rolled onto the vessel, or a cord that is horizontal, vertical, or diagonal to the rim. The Incised decoration is limited to the lip, rim, and upper body area. The decoration used on this type of ceramic consists of incised lines that are made with a sharp tool or a wide, dull tool.^[6]

Significance

The site was excavated by Alice L.L. Ferguson in the 1930s and 40s, with the obtained material subsequently analyzed by Robert L. Stephenson in the 1950s.^[7] The site served as a basis for understanding the ceramic chronology that appears in the Middle Atlantic region. The chronology that was made was the Early Woodland Marcey Creek/Accokeek/Popes Creek, Middle Woodland Mockley, Late Woodland Potomac Creek continuum. The Moyaone village represents the largest and last-occupied Piscataway village before the arrival of Europeans.^[5]

Piscataway leader Turkey Tayac "supported the creation of Piscataway Park [at the site], on one condition: that he could be buried there, and that his people could always visit freely, for cultural and spiritual purposes." Because there was no record of this verbal agreement and handshake, he was not buried at Moyaone until 1979, a year after his death, when Congress passed legislation^[8] permitting his burial in a national park area.^[1]^[9]

Selected publications

The Accokeek Creek Site, A Middle Atlantic Seaboard Culture Sequence. Robert L. Stephenson and Alice L. L. Ferguson, with sections by Henry G. Ferguson. (Anthropological Papers No. 20, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan) Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1963.
Barse, William P. A Trail Formulation of Vessel Assemblages in Selected Accokeek, Popes Creek, and Mockley Ware Collections. 1990.
Stephenson, Robert L. Prehistoric People of Accokeek Creek. 1959.

References

^ ^a ^b Rebecca Sheir (Director) (December 16, 2011). "Rediscovering The Piscataway Hub Of Moyaone". Metro Connection. WAMU 88.5 - American University Radio. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Accokeek Creek Site". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on November 18, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2008.
^ ^a ^b William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research. "Return to Potomac Creek (44ST2): Archaeology at a Late Prehistoric Native American Village Archived August 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine." Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
^ ^a ^b ^c "National Register Listings in Maryland." Maryland Historical Trust.
^ "Moyaone Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine." Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland. Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory.
^ The Accokeek Creek Site, A Middle Atlantic Seaboard Culture Sequence. Robert L. Stephenson and Alice L. L. Ferguson, with sections by Henry G. Ferguson. (Anthropological Papers No. 20, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan) Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1963.
^ "Chief Turkey Tayac, burial in Oxon Hill, Md." 93 Stat. 665 Title III; October 12, 1979
^ Hodge, Paul (November 12, 1979). "Chief Is Buried in Piscataway". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 20, 2015.