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Alice Jouenne

Alice Jouenne
Sepia portrait photograph of a middle age woman with short dark hair wearing a white lace collar over a dark, collared blouse.
Born
Alice Stein

August 14, 1873
Chamagne Vosges, France
DiedJanuary 10, 1954
Paris, France
Occupations
  • educator
  • socialist activist
  • pacifist
  • feminist
Known for

Alice Jouenne (née Stein; August 14, 1873 – January 10, 1954) was a French educator and socialist activist. During the interwar period, Jouenne focused on education, pacifism, and feminism. She was one of the founders of Éducation nouvelle en France [fr] (New Education in France).[1]

Early life and education

Alice Stein was born in Chamagne (Vosges), August 14, 1873.[2] Of Alsatian origin, her parents fled the German occupation after the Franco-Prussian War which saw Alsace come under German rule.[3]

Jouenne trained as a teacher at the École Normale in Nancy, graduating in 1890.[3]

Career

Her first appointment to a teaching position was in Badonviller where she worked for several years before moving to a private Parisian institution.[3]

In 1904, she married Victor Jouenne, a socialist and cooperator who introduced her to his ideas. This led to her joining the cooperative "La Prolétarienne" in the 5th arrondissement.

Early activisism

In 1911, while a member of the Ligue des femmes coopératrices (League of Women Cooperators),[4] Jouenne published the pamphlet Les Femmes et la coopération (Women and Cooperation).[3] The following year, she became secretary of the education committee of the new Fédération nationale des coopératives de consommateurs [fr] (National Federation of Consumer Cooperatives).[1][3]

On May 25, 1913, with the support of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT) and the Fédération communiste anarchiste [fr] (FCA) (Anarchist Communist Federation),[5] Jean Jaurès' French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) organized a pacifist demonstration against the Loi des Trois ans [fr] (Three Year Law). Three women made speeches at the event: Jouenne, Louise Saumoneau and Maria Vérone.[1][6]

That year, Jouenne helped to establish the children's newspaper, Les Petits Bonshommes, becoming a contributor.[3]

In January 1913, Louise Saumoneau, Marianne Rauze, Élisabeth Renaud, Jouenne and others founded the Socialist Women's Group (Groupe des Femmes Socialistes, GDFS) for women within the SFIO.[7] Jouenne was in the GDFS for ten years, during which time she joined Freemasonry's Le Droit Humain.[4]

Jouenne contributed to the redesign of La Voix des femmes, the first issue of which came out on October 18, 1919 and included articles by Marthe Bigot, Louise Bodin, Annette Charreau, Fanny Clar, Magdeleine Marx, Marianne Rauze, Henriette Sauret, Monette Thomas, as well as herself.[8] She was also a journalist for L'Humanité and secretary to Marcel Cachin, director of the newspaper, until 1920 when she did not follow him in his change of direction linked to the Third International.[1]

Interwar period

During the interwar period, Jouenne's attention was focused on education, pacifism, and feminism, in line with the trends of the times.[1] In 1921, she founded the École municipale de plein air de Paris (Municipal Outdoor School of Paris) with Antoine-Frédéric Brunet [fr], a member of the Conseil municipal de Paris [fr] (Paris City Council).[1] She wrote a book about the outdoor school.[3]

She joined the Ligue internationale pour l'éducation nouvelle (International League for New Education) (LIEN) movement,[1] and wrote articles in the league's journal where she was presented as principal of the Municipal Outdoor School of Paris[3] and founder of the New Education group.[1] Chaired by Georges Renard [fr], the group was established on February 16, 1922 and became known as Groupe français d'éducation nouvelle [fr] (French New Education Group) (GFEN).[1]

In May 1929, Albert Thomas created the "Comité des Loisirs" (Leisure Committee) in which Jouenne was involved.[3]

Jouenne retired in 1933 and left her school.[3] Three years later, Suzanne Lacore appointed Jouenne as her Chef de Cabinet in her position as Undersecretary of State for Children in Léon Blum's first regime.[9]

Death

Alice Jouenne died in Paris, January 10, 1954.[2]

Selected works

  • La Femme et la Coopération, 1911
  • Les Appels du coeur chez l'institutrice, 1925
  • Les idées de Madame Fleury, 1926
  • Une expérience d’éducation nouvelle, l’école de plein air, 1927
  • L'enfance et la coopération, 1929

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gachet, Maryline; Seguy, Jean-Yves (2021). "Alice Jouenne, une militante pionnière de l'Éducation nouvelle en France". Spirale - Revue de recherches en éducation. 2 (68): 7–18. doi:10.3917/spir.068.0007. S2CID 244174957. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Sowerwine, Charles (1978). Les femmes & le socialisme: un siècle d'histoire (in French). Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques. p. 151. ISBN 978-2-7246-0416-0. OCLC 1013353396.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prache, Jean Gaumont, Gaston (11 November 2022). "JOUENNE Alice". née STEIN, Marie-Alice, dite (in French). Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier. Retrieved 11 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b Hivert-Messeca, Gisèle; Hivert-Messeca, Yves (23 March 2016). Femmes et franc-maçonnerie: Trois siècles de franc-maçonnerie mixte en France (de 1740 à nos jours) (in French). Dervy. p. 357. ISBN 978-2-84454-865-8.
  5. ^ Davranche, Guillaume (2016). Trop jeunes pour mourir, ouvriers et révolutionnaires face à la guerre, 1909-1914 (in French). L'Insomniaque et Libertalia. p. 357. ISBN 978-2-918059-82-0. OCLC 951904684. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  6. ^ "Les orateurs du meeting". L'Humanité (in French) (Public domain ed.). 25 May 1913.
  7. ^ Sowerwine, Charles (January 1982). Sisters Or Citizens?: Women and Socialism in France Since 1876. Cambridge University Press. p. xvii. ISBN 978-0-521-23484-9.
  8. ^ "Échos". L'Humanité - journal socialiste quotidien (in French) (Public domain ed.): 2. 13 October 1919 – via Gallica.
  9. ^ Pierre, Simone (12 December 1936). "Figures et portraits de femmes : mme Alice Jouenne, chef de cabinet" (pdf). L'Émilie [fr] (in French) (Public domain ed.).
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