Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Amami Ōshima

Amami Ōshima
Native name:
奄美大島, Amami Ōshima
Nickname: Uushima
Amami Ōshima
Map
Amami Ōshima is located in Japan
Amami Ōshima
Amami Ōshima
 
Amami Ōshima is located in Asia
Amami Ōshima
Amami Ōshima
Amami Ōshima (Asia)
Geography
LocationPacific Ocean
Coordinates28°19′35″N 129°22′29″E / 28.32639°N 129.37472°E / 28.32639; 129.37472
ArchipelagoAmami Islands
Area712.35 km2 (275.04 sq mi)
Coastline461.1 km (286.51 mi)
Highest elevation694 m (2277 ft)
Highest pointYuwandake
Administration
PrefecturesKagoshima Prefecture
DistrictŌshima District
Largest settlementAmami (pop. 44,561)
Demographics
Population73,000 (2013)
Ethnic groupsRyukyuan, Japanese

Amami Ōshima (奄美大島, Okinawan: Uushima (ウーシマ);[1] Amami: Ushima (ウシマ)[2]), also known as Amami, is the largest island in the Amami archipelago between Kyūshū and Okinawa. It is one of the Satsunan Islands.[3]

The island, 712.35 km2 in area, has a population of approximately 73,000 people. Administratively it is divided into the city of Amami, the towns of Tatsugō, Setouchi, and the villages of Uken and Yamato in Kagoshima Prefecture. Much of the island is within the borders of the Amami Guntō National Park.

In 2021, it was listed as part of the serial UNESCO World Heritage Site of Amami-Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island.

History

It is uncertain when Amami Ōshima was first settled. Stone tools indicate settlement in the Japanese Paleolithic period, and other artifacts, including pottery, indicate a constant contact with Jōmon, Yayoi and Kofun period Japan.

The island is mentioned in the ancient Japanese chronicle Nihon Shoki in an entry for the year 657 AD. During the Nara period and early Heian period it was a stopping place for envoys from Japan to the court of Tang dynasty China. Mother of pearl was an important export item to Japan. Between 1571 and 1611, Amami Ōshima was briefly incorporated as part of the Ryukyu Kingdom as it expanded northwards along the archipelago. As Ryukyu was a tributary vassal of Ming China, this changed the status of the island as well.

To counter Ming authority, the island was invaded by samurai from Shimazu clan in 1609 and its incorporation into the official holdings of that domain was recognized by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1624. Shimazu rule was harsh, with the inhabitants of the island reduced to serfdom and forced to raise sugar cane to meet high taxation, which often resulted in famine. Saigō Takamori was exiled to Amami Ōshima in 1859, staying for two years, and his house has been preserved as a memorial museum. After the Meiji Restoration Amami Ōshima was incorporated into Ōsumi Province and later became part of Kagoshima Prefecture. Following World War II, along with the other Amami Islands, it was occupied by the United States until 1953, at which time it reverted to the control of Japan.

Since February 1974, a 7,861-hectare (19,420-acre) area that includes portions of the island and surrounding sea was protected as the Amami Gunto Quasi-national Park.[4] The area also has a large mangrove forest.

In December 2001 there was a naval battle called the Battle of Amami-Ōshima between an armed North Korean spy craft and Japanese Coast Guard ships near Amami Ōshima. The spy craft violated the Exclusive economic zone of Japan. This was a six-hour confrontation that ended with the sinking of the North Korean vessel.[5][6]

In 2017 the Amami Guntō National Park was established. It absorbed the former Amami Gunto Quasi-national Park and other land and sea areas in adjacent municipalities.

Geography

Amami Ōshima is the seventh-largest island in the Japanese archipelago after the four main islands, Okinawa Island and Sado Island (excluding the disputed Kuril Islands). It is located approximately 380 kilometres (210 nmi) south of the southern tip of Kyūshū and 250 kilometres (130 nmi) north of Okinawa. The island is of volcanic origin, with Mount Yuwanda at 605 metres (1,985 ft) above sea level at its highest peak. The coast of the island is surrounded by a coral reef, and the island may also have been home to some of the northernmost coral reefs in Japan during the last glacial period.[7] It is surrounded by the East China Sea on the west and the Pacific Ocean on the east.

Administration

5 municipalities of Amami Ōshima
(Amami)

Amami Ōshima belongs to Kagoshima prefecture. It consists of the following municipalities.

  • Amami
  • Tatsugo
  • Yamatomura
  • Usomura
  • Part of Setouchi-cho

Climate

The climate of Amami Ōshima is classified as a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very warm summers and mild winters. The rainy season lasts from May through September. The island is subject to frequent typhoons.

Fauna

Amami Ōshima is home to several rare or endangered endemic animals, including the Amami rabbit and the Lidth's jay, both of which are now found only in Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima. The Amami rabbit is sometimes called a living fossil because it represents an ancient Asian lineage that has elsewhere disappeared.

The island is also home to the habu, a venomous snake that can be found throughout the Ryūkyū Islands. Mongooses were introduced to kill the habu, but have become another problem, as an increase in the mongoose population has been linked to the decline of the Amami rabbit and other endemic species.[8] After the mongoose population reached 10,000 by 2000, authorities launched an eradication campaign that led to the complete eradication of mongoose on the island by 2024.[9]

Whale watching to see humpback whales has become a featured attraction in winter in recent years.[10] It is also notable that North Pacific right whale, the most endangered of all whale species, have repeatedly appeared around the island[11] (there are five records of three sightings, a capture, and a stranding since 1901) and as of 2014, Amami is the only location in East China Sea where this species has been confirmed in the past 110 years. It is also one of two locations in the world along with the Bonin Islands where constant appearance in winter has been confirmed since the 20th century. Discovery of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in Seto strait made it the first confirmation in the nation. Other species include whales (Bryde's, sperm), smaller whales or dolphins (false killer, spinner, spotted), and so on. Before being wiped out, many large whales such as blue and fin were seasonal migrants.[12]

The island marks the northernmost limit of dugong distribution, with occasional sightings throughout the 20th and into the 21st century.[13]

Amami Oshima is the only place where a nesting of leatherback turtle has been seen in Japan.

Demographics

Skyline of Amami city

Amami Oshima had a population of 73,000 people in 2013. 44,561 people live in the city of Amami. The total area of Amami city is 308.15 km2 with a population density of 145 persons per km2.

Economy

The economy of Amami Ōshima is based on agriculture (sugar cane, rice and sweet potatoes), commercial fishing, and the distillation of shōchū. The favorable climate allows for two rice crops a year. Seasonal tourism is also an important part of the economy.

Traditional crafts on the island include the production of high quality hand-crafted silk called Ōshima-tsumugi which is mainly used to make kimono. Along with Persian carpets and Gobelin tapestries, is said to be one of the world's three great textiles. Ōshima-tsumugi is dyed with mud to create their characteristic black color.[14]

Transportation

Naze port on Amami Ōshima
View of the Amami Airport runway

The port of Naze, located in the city of Amami is a major regional shipping and ferry hub.

Amami Airport, located at the northern end of the island, is connected to Tokyo, Osaka, Naha, Fukuoka and Kagoshima as well as local flights to the other Amami Islands. There are bus routes and roads on the island.

Language

Two dialects of the Amami language are spoken in Amami Ōshima: the Northern Ōshima dialect and the Southern Ōshima dialect. These dialects are part of the Ryukyuan languages group. According to Ethnologue, as of 2005 there were about 10,000 speakers of the Northern Ōshima[15] dialect and about 1,800 speakers of the Southern Ōshima dialect.[16] These dialects are now spoken mostly by older residents of the island, while most of the younger generations are monolingual in Japanese. The Amami language, including the Ōshima dialects, is classified as endangered by UNESCO.

There is also a village sign language, named as Amami Oshima Sign Language, being used in the area.

Notable people from Amami Ōshima

See also

References

  1. ^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyujo (1963). Okinawa-go Jiten [Okinawan Dictionary] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Okurasho Insatsu Kyoku. p. 847.
  2. ^ Osada, Suma; Suyama, Nahoko (1977). Amami Hogen Bunrui Jiten Jokan [Thematic Dictionary of Amami Dialect (Volume 1)] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kasama Shoin. p. 617.
  3. ^ Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan, Teikoku-Shoin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, ISBN 4-8071-0004-1
  4. ^ "List of National and Quasi-national Parks". Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  5. ^ "Japan announces sunken boat was N. Korean spy ship". BNET. 7 October 2002. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  6. ^ "Japan says 'spy ship' fired rockets". BBC News. 25 December 2001. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
  7. ^ Matsuda, Hiroki; Arai, Kohsaku; Machiyama, Hideaki; Iryu, Yasufumi; Tsuji, Yoshihiro (September 2011). "Submerged reefal deposits near a present-day northern limit of coral reef formation in the northern Ryukyu Island Arc, northwestern Pacific Ocean: Submerged reefal deposits in the Ryukyus". Island Arc. 20 (3): 411–425. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1738.2011.00775.x. S2CID 128790253.
  8. ^ Watari Y, Yamada F, Sugimura K, Takatsuki S (2006). "Direct and indirect effects of an alien mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) on the native animal community on Amami-Oshima Island, southern Japan, as inferred from distribution patterns of animals" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2009-05-22. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ "Japanese island eradicates rabbit-killing mongoose". France 24. September 4, 2024.
  10. ^ Oki K., 2014. Amami whale and dolphin association. retrieved on 28-05-2014
  11. ^ Ito, H. (1 February 2014). "Endangered whale captured on film off Amami-Oshima". Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  12. ^ Miyazaki N, Nakayama K (1989). "Records of Cetaceans in the Waters of the Amami Island". Memoirs of the National Science Museum (in Japanese). 22. National Museum of Nature and Science, Museum of History and Folklore in Kasari: 235–249. Retrieved 2015-01-12 – via CiNii.
  13. ^ Shirakihara M, Yoshida H, Yokochi H, Ogawa H, Hosokawa T, Higashi N, Kasuya T (1 July 2007). "Current status and conservation needs of dugongs in southern Japan". Marine Mammal Science. 23 (3): 694–706. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00123.x.
  14. ^ "About Ooshima Tsumugimura|Ooshima Tsumugi Mura". www.tumugi.co.jp. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  15. ^ Lewis MP; Simons GF; Fennig CD, eds. (2015). "Amami-Oshima, Northern". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (18th ed.). Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  16. ^ Lewis MP; Simons GF; Fennig CD, eds. (2015). "Amami-Oshima, Southern". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (18th ed.). Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  • Eldridge, Mark. The Return of the Amami Islands: The Reversion Movement and U.S.–Japan Relations. Levington Books (2004) ISBN 0739107100
  • Hellyer. Robert. Defining Engagement: Japan and Global Contexts, 1640–1868. Harvard University Press (2009) ISBN 0674035771
  • Turnbull, Stephen. The Most Daring Raid of the Samurai. Rosen Publishing Group (2011) ISBN 978-1448818723
  • Ravina, Mark. The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori. Whiley (2011) ISBN 1118045564
  • Yeo, Andrew. Activists, Alliances, and Anti-U.S. Base Protests. Cambridge University Press. (2011) ISBN 1107002478

Read other articles:

Head of state and elective constitutional monarch of Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Agong redirect here. For the gong, see Agung. For other uses, see Agung (disambiguation). Supreme Head of the FederationYang di-Pertuan Agongيڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ‎Royal coat of armsRoyal StandardIncumbentSultan Ibrahimsince 31 January 2024StyleHis MajestyTypeConstitutional elective federal monarchyResidenceIstana Negara (official)Istana Melawati (secondary)AppointerConference of RulersTerm l…

Former Japanese amusement park Yokohama DreamlandLocationTotsuka-ku, YokohamaCoordinates35°22′59″N 139°29′43″E / 35.382976°N 139.495372°E / 35.382976; 139.495372StatusDefunctOpenedAugust 1, 1964 (1964-08-01)ClosedFebruary 17, 2002 (2002-02-17)OwnerDaiei (former Nippon Dream Kanko)Operated byDreamparkGeneral managerKunizo Matsuo The former Hotel Empire building, now the academic library of the Yokohama College of Pharmacy. Yokohama…

Greek free-to-air channel Television channel Alpha TVCountryGreeceBroadcast areaNationalHeadquartersViltanioti 36, Kifissia, GreeceProgrammingLanguage(s)GreekPicture format1080i HDTV (downscaled to 16:9 aspect ratio 576i for the SDTV feed)OwnershipOwnerAlpha Satellite Television S.A. (50% of Motor Oil, 50% of Primos Media)Sister channelsAlpha TV CyprusHistoryLaunched27 September 1999ReplacedSkai (1993–1999)Former namesAlpha Sky (27 September – 24 October 1999)LinksWebsiteAlpha TVAvailability…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Columbus. Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité de Géorgie (États-Unis). Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. ColumbusNom officiel (en) ColumbusNom local (en) ColumbusGéographiePays  États-UnisÉtat GéorgieComté comté de Muscogee (siège)Superficie 572 km2Altitude 74 mCoordonnées 32° 29′ 32″ N, 84° 56′…

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (مارس 2018) مقاطعة ويستون    علم   الإحداثيات 43°50′N 104°34′W / 43.84°N 104.56°W / 43.84…

Bagian dari seri tentangMarxisme Teori kerja Manifesto Komunis Sebuah Kontribusi untuk Kritik Politik Ekonomi Das Kapital Brumaire ke-28 Louis Napoleon Grundrisse Ideologi Jerman Ekonomi dan Filsafat Naskah 1844 Tesis Feuerbach Konsep Materialisme dialektik Penentuan ekonomi Materialisme historis Metode Marx Sosialisme Marxian Overdetermination Sosialisme ilimiah Determinisme teknologi ProletariatBourgeoisie Ekonomi Modal ( akumulasi) Cara produksi kapitalis Teori krisis Komoditi Eksploitasi Sar…

American actor (1893–1963) Jack RiceRice in Niagara Falls (1941)BornEarl Clifford Rice(1893-05-14)May 14, 1893Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.DiedDecember 14, 1968(1968-12-14) (aged 75)Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S.Resting placeValhalla Memorial Park CemeteryOccupationActorYears active1920–1963 Jack Rice (born Earl Clifford Rice; May 14, 1893 – December 14, 1968) was an American actor best known for appearing as the scrounging, freeloading brother-in-law in Edg…

Voce principale: Società Sportiva Alba Roma. Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Unione Sportiva Alba TrastevereStagione 1946-1947Sport calcio Squadra Albatrastevere Allenatore Orlando Tognotti Presidente Domenico Sili Marcellini Serie B14º posto nel girone C. Retrocessa in Serie C. Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Vulta…

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’informatique. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article sur l'informatique doit être recyclé (juin 2019). Une réorganisation et une clarification du contenu paraissent nécessaires. Améliorez-le, discutez des points à améliorer ou précisez les sections à recycler en u…

Map of arrondissements of the Val-de-Marne department. The 3 arrondissements of the Val-de-Marne department are:[1] Arrondissement of Créteil, (prefecture of the Val-de-Marne department: Créteil) with 16 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 310,758 in 2016. Arrondissement of L'Haÿ-les-Roses, (subprefecture: L'Haÿ-les-Roses) with 13 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 508,854 in 2016. Arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Marne, (subprefecture: Nogent-sur-Marne) wi…

Regno di Northumbria Stendardo di Osvaldo di Northumbria secondo una descrizione di Beda.[1] Regno di Northumbria - LocalizzazioneIl Regno di Northumbria nell'803 Dati amministrativiNome ufficialeNorþanhymbra Rīċe Lingue ufficialidialetto northumbrianoinglese antico Lingue parlateantico inglese, cumbrico, latino, antico norreno (874 circa-914 circa) CapitaleBamburgh (nord)York (sud) PoliticaForma di governomonarchia Re di Northumbriaelenco Nascita654 con Oswiu CausaUnificazione dei re…

Thoroughfare in New Orleans, United States 19th century street-name tiles in sidewalk St. Charles Avenue (French: avenue Saint-Charles) is a thoroughfare in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. and the route of the St. Charles Streetcar Line. It is also famous for the dozens of mansions that adorn the tree-lined boulevard for much of the uptown section of the boulevard. It is named for St. Charles Borromeo, patron saint of Charles III of Spain, the monarch when France transferred the then-vast territory…

Sivaji GanesanPortret Sivaji Ganesan yang diterbitkan dalam Filmfare edisi 24 Agustus 1962LahirVettaithidal Chinnaiahpillai Ganesan(1928-10-01)1 Oktober 1928Desa Soorakkottai, Distrik Tanjore (Kepresidenan Madras)(sekarang Tamil Nadu), IndiaMeninggal21 Juli 2001(2001-07-21) (umur 72)Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaNama lainNadigar Thilagam[1]Tahun aktif1952–1999Suami/istriKamala GanesanAnakRamkumar Ganesan Shanthi Ganesan Thenmozhi Ganesan Prabhu GanesanPenghargaanPadma Bhusha…

See also: List of Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp) The asteroids of the inner Solar System and Jupiter.   Jupiter trojans   Orbits of planets   Sun   Hilda group   Asteroid belt   Near-Earth objects (some) This is a list of Jupiter trojans that lie in the Greek camp, an elongated curved region around the leading Lagrangian point (L4), 60° ahead of Jupiter in its orbit. All the asteroids at Jupiter's L4 point have names corresponding to pa…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Teste. Jean-Baptiste Teste Fonctions Député du Gard 7 mai 1815 – 13 juillet 1815(2 mois et 6 jours) Député du Gard 7 juillet 1831 – 12 juin 1842(10 ans, 11 mois et 5 jours) Ministre des Travaux Publics 29 octobre 1840 – 16 décembre 1843(3 ans, 1 mois et 17 jours) Monarque Louis-Philippe Ier Gouvernement Soult (3) Biographie Date de naissance 20 octobre 1780 Lieu de naissance Bagnols-sur-Cèze (Gard) Date de déc…

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Viareggio Calcio. Unione Sportiva ViareggioStagione 1927-1928Sport calcio Squadra Viareggio Allenatore Alfredo Rattipoi Géza Kertész Presidente Gerardo Corna Seconda Divisione Inferiori Nord1º posto nel girone C.4º posto nel girone finale NordPromosso Maggiori pr…

Bristol Motor Speedway, salah satu sirkuit oval terkenal di Amerika Serikat. Balap lintasan oval atau balap trek oval adalah sebuah bentuk balap mobil dalam sirkuit tertutup yang diperlombakan pada sirkuit atau trek berbentuk oval. Lintasan oval berbeda dengan lintasan jalan karena tata ruangnya menyerupai oval dengan arah belokan hanya dalam satu arah yang hampir secara universal berlawanan arah jarum jam dan berbelok ke kiri. Trek oval adalah sirkuit yang benar-benar khusus untuk olahraga berm…

Official ball of 2018 FIFA World Cup Not to be confused with satellites Telstar 18 and Telstar 18V. Telstar 18The Adidas Telstar 18.TypeBallInception2017 (2017)ManufacturerAdidasAvailableYesCurrent supplierForward Sports[1]Last production year2018 The Adidas Telstar 18 was the official match ball of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which was held in the Russian Federation. It was designed by the company Adidas, a FIFA Partner and FIFA World Cup official match ball supplier since 1970, and b…

Sungai Way (Chinese: 双溪威) is a suburb of Petaling Jaya, Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. It was established in 1949 during Briggs Plan, as a Chinese new village.[1] After independence, Sungai Way become a populated place and its surroundings.had established new industrial zone (known as Sungai Way industrial zone) prior to the opening of Federal Highway, and also Subang-Sungai Way (Subang Jaya sections) and Bandar Sunway. Sungai Way has an official name as Seri Setia.[…

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: 1983 Pioneer Life World Women's Curling Championship – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya