America First refers to a populist political theory in the United States that emphasizes the fundamental notion of "putting America first", which generally involves disregarding global affairs and focusing solely on domestic policy in the United States. This generally denotes policies of isolationism, American nationalism, and protectionist trade policy.[1]
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) used the phrase at the organization's peak in the 1920s, when racist, xenophobic sentiment was widespread;[13][14] it informed many of their members who ran for political office.[15] The Immigration Act of 1924 sponsored by Washington U.S. representative Albert Johnson proved to legislate xenophobia and white supremacy, excluding immigrants on the basis of ethnicity and national origin in an effort to preserve white racial demographics.[16] Johnson's leading role in the immigration restriction bill elicited strong support from the KKK.[17]
In later periods, the slogan was used by Pat Buchanan, who praised the non-interventionist WWII America First Committee and said "the achievements of that organization are monumental."[23] Buchanan's "call for an America First foreign policy has been compared with the America First Committee."[24]
Donald Trump, who had run against Pat Buchanan in the 2000 Reform Party presidential primaries, first revived the slogan in a November 2015 op-ed in The Wall Street Journal.[25] In its early going, the Trump campaign publicized an article by Jeff Kuhner on the World Tribune praising the candidate as a "nationalist who seeks to put America first";[26] campaign manager Corey Lewandowski (who later published a book with the title)[27] promoted Trump with the phrase;[28][29] and both Sarah Palin[30] and Chris Christie[31] featured it in their endorsements of Trump. Trump later incorporated the slogan into his daily repertoire following a suggestion by David E. Sanger during an interview with The New York Times in March 2016, borrowing it from an article that appeared earlier in the month in USA Today[32] and written by U.S. diplomat Armand Cucciniello.[33][34] In subsequent months, without referencing Pat Buchanan's prior usage or the America First Committee, candidate Trump promised that "'America First' would be the major and overriding theme" of his administration, and advocated nationalist, anti-interventionist positions.[35][34]
In 2017, the administration proposed a federal budget for 2018 with both "Make America Great Again" and "America First" in its title, with the latter referencing its increases to military, homeland security, and veteran spending, cuts to spending that goes towards foreign countries, and 10-year objective of achieving a balanced budget.[48]
The administration branded its 2017 National Security Strategy of the U.S. as "an America First National Security Strategy". The introduction to that document reads "This National Security Strategy puts America first. An America First National Security Strategy is based on American principles, a clear-eyed assessment of U.S. interests, and a determination to tackle the challenges that we face. It is a strategy of principled realism that is guided by outcomes, not ideology."[49]
Trump's use of the slogan was criticized by some for carrying comparisons to the America First Committee;[50] however, Trump denied being an isolationist, and said, "I like the expression."[51] A number of scholars (such as Deborah Dash Moore), commentators (such as Bill Kristol) and Jewish organizations (including the Anti-Defamation League and Jewish Council for Public Affairs) criticized Trump's use of the slogan because of its historical association with nativism and antisemitism.[51][52] Others have argued that Trump was never a non-interventionist.[53] Columnist Daniel Larison from The American Conservative wrote that "Trump was quick to denounce previous wars as disasters, but his complaint about these wars was that the U.S. wasn't 'getting' anything tangible from them. He didn't see anything wrong in attacking other countries, but lamented that the U.S. didn't 'take' their resources" and that "he never called for an end to the wars that were still ongoing, but talked only about 'winning' them."[54]
Trump's "America First" policy has been described as a major factor in the perceived increase in the international isolation of the U.S. in the late 2010s, and various media critics such as The New Yorker have described the policy as "America Alone".[7][8][9]
Other usage
In mid-2016, while running for a Louisiana Senate seat, David Duke, former Grand Wizard of the KKK, publicly claimed that he was "the first major candidate in modern times to promote the term and policy of America first"[55] (although was preceded by Donald Trump).[25][33][34]
Trump's successor as U.S. president, Joe Biden, discontinued many of Trump's COVID-19-related "America First" policies at the beginning of his presidency, but he initially kept the Trump administration's COVID-19 vaccine export ban in place.[56] As of May 2021, the U.S. had started exporting vaccines out of its borders.[57] The U.S. House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack described far-right political commentator Nick Fuentes and former Identity Evropa leader Patrick Casey as leaders of the "America First" movement in a subpoena issued in January 2022.[58]
In popular culture
Following Trump's inauguration, the policy and its phrasing became a subject of international satire through the Every Second Counts video contest inspired by Dutch comedian Arjen Lubach and launched by German comedian Jan Böhmermann.[59]News satire television programs initially throughout Europe, and later from around the world, comically appealed to Trump to acknowledge their own countries in light of Trump's nationalist slogan, with a narrator mimicking Trump's voice, speech patterns, and exaggerated speaking style.[60][61] Lubach's initial version, for example, ended by noting that "We totally understand it's going to be America first, but can we just say: The Netherlands second?".[62][63]
In Spike Lee's film BlacKkKlansman (2018), David Duke and white supremacists are portrayed as repeatedly using the "America First" slogan.[64]
^Cox, Michael; Durham, Martin (2000). "The Politics of Anger: The Extreme Right in the United States". In Hainsworth, Paul (ed.). The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream. London/New York: Pinter. p. 287. ISBN1-85567-459-9.
^ abTrump, Donald J. (November 10, 2015). "Ending China's Currency Manipulation". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020. The American people need an administration that will tell them the truth and a president who will put America first. That's what I intend to do.
^ abMcKay, Hollie: "How President Trump delivered on a number of foreign policy pledges," October 22, 2020, Fox News, retrieved January 19, 2024; quote: "Trump doubled-down by withdrawing the United States from a bevy of United Nations agencies and institutions, such as the World Health Organization and the Human Rights Council."
^ abO'Reilly, Andrew: "Trump administration withdrawing from UN Human Rights Council," June 19, 2018, Fox News, retrieved January 19, 2024; quote: "The move... extends a broader Trump administration pattern of stepping back from international agreements and forums under the president's "America First" policy."
Grand Prix Sepeda Motor F.I.M. musim 2017 Sebelum: 2016 Sesudah: 2018 MotoGP musim 2017Moto3 musim 2017 Franco Morbidelli mengamankan Kejuaraan Pembalap di Grand Prix Malaysia. Kejuaraan Dunia FIM Moto2 2017 adalah bagian dari musim Kejuaraan Dunia F.I.M. ke-69. Musim ini dirusak oleh kematian Stefan Kiefer, kepala Kiefer Racing, di Malaysia. Johann Zarco adalah juara bertahan seri dua kali, tetapi dia tidak lagi mempertahankan gelarnya saat dia bergabung dengan kelas utama seri, MotoGP. Musim 2…
Baiq Diyah Ratu GanefiS.H Anggota DPD RI Provinsi Nusa Tenggara BaratMasa jabatan24 September 2009 – 11 Februari 2014PresidenSusilo Bambang YudhoyonoGubernurMuhammad Zainul MajdiDaerah pemilihanNusa Tenggara Barat, Kota MataramMayoritas187.695 suara Informasi pribadiLahirBaiq Diyah Ratu Ganefi20 Oktober 1963 (umur 60)Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat, IndonesiaKebangsaanIndonesiaPartai politikPerindoProfesiLegislator, PolitikusSunting kotak info • L • B Baiq Diyah Ratu G…
Pour les articles homonymes, voir La Chapelle. La Chapelle-la-Reine Le centre de la commune. Blason Administration Pays France Région Île-de-France Département Seine-et-Marne Arrondissement Fontainebleau Intercommunalité Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Fontainebleau Maire Mandat Gérard Chanclud 2020-2026 Code postal 77760 Code commune 77088 Démographie Gentilé Chapelains Populationmunicipale 2 301 hab. (2021 ) Densité 145 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 48° …
Banjir Jakarta 2013Tanggal15 Januari - 25 Januari 2013LokasiDKI JakartaTewas20 orang Banjir Jakarta 2013 adalah bencana banjir yang melanda Jakarta dan sekitarnya pada pertengahan Januari 2013 yang menyebabkan Jakarta dinyatakan dalam keadaan darurat. Banjir ini sebenarnya sudah dimulai sejak Desember 2012, dan baru mencapai puncaknya pada Januari 2013. Penyebab Selain curah hujan yang tinggi sejak Desember 2012, sistem drainase yang buruk, dan jebolnya berbagai tanggul di wilayah Jakarta, banji…
Epanolol Names IUPAC name (RS)-N-[2-([3-(2-cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino)ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide Identifiers CAS Number 86880-51-5 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 65013 N KEGG D06646 Y PubChem CID 72014 UNII 9KGC55KP6A Y InChI InChI=1S/C20H23N3O4/c21-12-16-3-1-2-4-19(16)27-14-18(25)13-22-9-10-23-20(26)11-15-5-7-17(24)8-6-15/h1-8,18,22,24-25H,9-11,13-14H2,(H,23,26) NKey: YARKMNAWFIMDKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N NInChI=1/C20H23N3O4/c21-12-16-…
Pandangan yang berbeda mengenai apa yang menyebabkan genosida Armenia termasuk penjelasan yang berfokus pada nasionalisme, agama, dan radikalisasi masa perang yang terus diperdebatkan di antara para sarjana. Pada abad ke 21, fokus telah bergesar ke penjelasan multikasual. sebagian besar sejarawan setuju bahwa genosida tidak direncanakan sebelum Perang Dunia I, tetapi peran kontingensi, ideologi, dan faktor struktural jangka panjang dalam menyebabkan genosida terus dibahas. Historiografi Terlepas…
Ligne deNarbonne à Port-Bou (frontière) Carte de la ligne La gare-frontière de Cerbère Pays France, Espagne Villes desservies Narbonne, Rivesaltes, Perpignan Historique Mise en service 1858 – 1878 Électrification 1981 – 1982 Concessionnaires MIDI (1852 – 1937)SNCF (1938 – 1997)RFF (1997 – 2014)SNCF (depuis 2015) Caractéristiques techniques Numéro officiel 677 000 Longueur 107,155 km Écartement standard (1,435 m) Élect…
Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient être mieux reliées aux sources mentionnées dans les sections « Bibliographie », « Sources » ou « Liens externes » (mai 2019). Vous pouvez améliorer la vérifiabilité en associant ces informations à des références à l'aide d'appels de notes. Léon DuguitFonctionDoyenFaculté de droit de Bordeaux (d…
Indian politician Mahavir TyagiPersonal detailsBornMahavir Tyagi(1899-12-31)31 December 1899Dhabarsi, Moradabad, United Provinces, (now in Uttar Pradesh, India)Died22 May 1980(1980-05-22) (aged 80)New Delhi, IndiaPolitical partyIndian National Congress Mahavir Tyagi (31 December 1899 – 22 May 1980)[1][2] was a prominent Indian independence fighter and parliamentarian from Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh (now in Uttarakhand) India. Early life Mahavir Tyagi's childhood home in Dhab…
Peta infrastruktur dan tata guna lahan di Komune Tigery. = Kawasan perkotaan = Lahan subur = Padang rumput = Lahan pertanaman campuran = Hutan = Vegetasi perdu = Lahan basah = Anak sungaiTigeryNegaraPrancisArondisemenÉvryKantonSaint-Germain-lès-CorbeilAntarkomuneSAN de Sénart en EssonneKode INSEE/pos91617 / Tigery merupakan sebuah desa dan komune di département Essonne, di region Île-de-France di Prancis. Demografi Menurut sensus 1999, p…
For other uses, see Yen (disambiguation). Taiwanese yen圓 (Japanese) 1 yen banknoteDenominationsSubunit 1⁄100sen (錢)DemographicsDate of introduction1895Date of withdrawal1946Replaced byOld Taiwan dollarUser(s) TaiwanIssuanceCentral bankBank of TaiwanValuationValue1 yen = TW$1This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. The Taiwanese yen (Japanese: 圓, Hepburn: en) was the currency of Japanese Taiwan from 1895 to 1946. It was on a…
Cameroonian footballer (born 1995) In this article, the surname is Zambo Anguissa, not Anguissa. André-Frank Zambo Anguissa Zambo Anguissa with Cameroon at the 2021 Africa Cup of NationsPersonal informationFull name André-Frank Zambo Anguissa[1]Date of birth (1995-11-16) 16 November 1995 (age 28)Place of birth Yaoundé, CameroonHeight 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in)[2]Position(s) Central midfielderTeam informationCurrent team NapoliNumber 99Youth career2013–2014 Coton …
I. liga 1959-1960 Competizione I. liga Sport Calcio Edizione 53ª Organizzatore ČMFS Luogo Cecoslovacchia Partecipanti 14 Risultati Vincitore Spartak Hradec Králové(1º titolo) Retrocessioni Jednota Košice Pardubice Statistiche Miglior marcatore Michal Pucher (18) Incontri disputati 182 Gol segnati 513 (2,82 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1958-1959 1960-1961 Manuale L'edizione 1959/60 del campionato cecoslovacco di calcio vide la vittoria finale …
Mappa odierna del Missouri Il Missouri nella guerra di secessione americana fu uno degli Stati cuscinetto posti tra l'Unione e gli Stati Confederati d'America; fu lo Stato federato maggiormente conteso dalle due opposte fazioni, popolato da simpatizzanti di entrambe le parti in lotta. Venne rappresentato con una stella sia nella bandiera degli Stati Uniti sia nella bandiera degli Stati Confederati d'America; mantenne per gran parte del conflitto in corso due governi separati e dovette sopportare…
Argentine footballer and manager Luis Carniglia Personal informationFull name Luis Antonio CarnigliaDate of birth (1917-10-04)4 October 1917Place of birth Olivos, ArgentinaDate of death 22 June 2001(2001-06-22) (aged 83)Place of death Buenos Aires, ArgentinaPosition(s) StrikerYouth career1932–1933 Club de OlivosSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1933–1936 Tigre ? (?)1936–1941 Boca Juniors 54 (17)1942–1945 Chacarita 14 (3)1945–1948 Atlas 1951–1952 Nice 10 (1)1952–1953 Toulon 26…
Bridge across the Seine in Paris, France For the bridge in Toulouse, see Pont Neuf, Toulouse. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Pont Neuf – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Le Pont NeufThe bridge as seen from the Pont des ArtsCoordi…
Football League Two 2014-2015Sky Bet League Two 2014-2015 Competizione Football League Two Sport Calcio Edizione 57ª (11ª come League Two) Organizzatore Football League Date dal 9 agosto 2014al 23 maggio 2015 Luogo Inghilterra Galles Partecipanti 24 Formula girone all'italiana+play-off Risultati Vincitore Burton Albion(1º titolo) Altre promozioni Shrewsbury Town BurySouthend U. (dopo play off) Retrocessioni Cheltenham Town Tranmere Rovers Statistiche Miglior marcatore …
Unione Liberale LeaderGiovanni Giolitti Stato Italia Fondazione1913 Dissoluzione1922 Confluito inPartito Liberale Italiano IdeologiaLiberalismo[1]CentrismoLiberalismo conservatoreRiformismoMonarchismoNazionalismo Liberalismo socialeCattolicesimo liberale (minoranza)[2] Collocazioneda Centro-destra a Centro-sinistra CoalizioneBlocchi Nazionali (elezioni del 1921[3]) Seggi massimi270 / 443(1913) ColoriAzzurro Savoia[4] Modifica dati su Wikidata…
107-ма окрема бригада територіальної оборони Нарукавний знак бригадиЗасновано вересень 2018Країна УкраїнаВид Сили ТрОБазування Чернівецька область Медіафайли на Вікісховищі 107-ма окрема бригада територіальної оборони — військове формування Сил територіальної обор…