Pre-cancerous condition of the anal canal
Anal dysplasia is a pre-cancerous condition which occurs when the lining of the anal canal undergoes abnormal changes. It can be classified as low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).[ 1]
Most cases are not associated with symptoms, but people may notice lumps in and around the anus .[ 2]
Causes
Anal dysplasia is most commonly linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), a usually sexually-transmitted infection .[ 3] HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States[ 4] while genital herpes (HSV ) was the most common sexually transmitted infection globally.[ 5]
Diagnosis
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(October 2018 )
See also
References
^ Darragh, Teresa (October 2012). "The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology. Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions" . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 136 (10): 1266–1297. doi :10.5858/arpa.LGT200570 . PMID 22742517 .
^ Salit, Irving. "Fact Sheets: Anal dyspasia" . Canadian Aids Treatment Information Exchange. Archived from the original on 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-02-22 .
^ Palefsky, Joel M.; Holly, Elizabeth A.; Ralston, Mary L.; Jay, Naomi (February 1988). "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Men" . Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Stomatology, and Epidemiology Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. The Journal of Infectious Diseases . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2 March 2014 .
^ "CDC Fact Sheet - Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States" (PDF) . CDC . February 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2014 .
^ Antonio C Gerbase; Jane T Rowley; Thierry E Merten (1998). "Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases". Lancet . 352 : S2–S4. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90001-0 . PMID 9652711 . S2CID 28976125 .