Antonio Zambrana

Antonio Zambrana
Antonio Zambrana
Personal details
Born	Antonio Zambrana y Vázquez; June 19, 1846; Havana, Captaincy General of Cuba, Spanish Empire
Died	March 27, 1922 (aged 75); Havana, Cuba
Nationality	Cuba

Antonio Zambrana (June 19, 1846 - March 27, 1922) was a Cuban lawyer, jurist, writer, and politician.

Biography

Antonio Zambrana was born in Havana, Spanish Cuba on June 19, 1846.^[1] Zambrana's early education was guided by José de la Luz y Caballero at his El Salvador school (Spanish: Colegio El Salvador).^[2] He later pursued legal studies and earned his doctorate in 1867.

Ten Years' War

When the Ten Years' War erupted in October 1868, Zambrana threw his support behind the insurrection against Spanish authority.

He was a member of the Central Assembly of Representatives (Spanish: Asamblea de Representantes del Centro). Zambrana and fellow signatories Salvador Cisneros Betancourt, Eduardo Agramonte, Ignacio Agramonte, and Francisco Sánchez Betancourt endorsed the Decree of Abolition of Slavery (Spanish: Abolición de la Esclavitud) in Camagüey on February 26, 1869.^[3]

On April 10, 1869, he participated in the Guáimaro Assembly as a delegate of Camagüey and was elected secretary of the House of Representatives.^[4]^[5] Zambrana and Ignacio Agramonte were designated to draft the proposal of the Guáimaro Constitution.^[6] On April 11, the Assembly set up the government with Salvador Cisneros Betancourt as president and Zambrana and Agramonte as secretaries.^[7]

In Havana, on November 7, 1870, a court-martial found Zambrana and other members of the Cuban Junta of New York guilty of treason and rebellion, with a death sentence by garrote pending if they were captured by Spanish authorities.^[8]

Seeking support for Cuban Independence, he went to the United States in 1873.^[9] During his time in New York, created various newspapers and published La República de Cuba.^[10] Following extensive preparations and fundraising, Zambrana and Gen. Manuel de Quesada traveled to Latin American countries including Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru.^[11] He wrote El Negro Francisco, an antislavery novel which was published in 1875 in Santiago de Chile.^[12] He soon established himself in Costa Rica, working as both a jurist and professor.

On February 5, 1883, the Alvarez-Zambrana treaty between the Republic of Nicaragua and the Republic of Costa Rica was established. Zambrana was appointed as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary by Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, President of the Republic of Costa Rica.^[13]

In 1886, he returned to Cuba and founded the newspaper El Cubano in Havana.^[14]

In 1891, he returned to San José, Costa Rica, where he continued his work in law and education.^[15] He worked as a lawyer for Antonio Maceo, who established himself as a sugar planter in Nicoya.^[16]

His most distinguished work was developed at the University of Costa Rica School of Law, where he taught Legal History and Roman Law. Zambrana was the first person in Costa Rica to author texts on Roman Law.^[17] He also held the role of Dean at the Law School.^[18] Appointed by the Costa Rican Congress in 1904, he assumed the role of magistrate within the Court of cassation of Costa Rica's Supreme Court of Justice. Following his re-election in 1908, he continued in his role until resigning in 1911, at which point he departed Costa Rica.

Death

Antonio Zambrana died in Havana, Cuba on March 27, 1922.^[19]

References

^ Duque Estrada Sacasa, E. (2005). Cubanos en Centroamérica: siglo XIX. Nicaragua: E.D. Estrada Sacasa.
^ Cuba and Its Right to Freedom. (1987). United States: Editorial Laurenty Pub..
^ Pirala y Criada, A. (1893). Historia contemporánea: segunda parte de la guerra civil, annales desde 1843. Spain: F.G. Rojas.
^ Piron, H. (1876). L'île de Cuba: Santiago--Puerto-Principe--Matanzas Et la Havane. France: E. Plon et cie.
^ The History of Cuba. (2021). (n.p.): e-artnow.
^ House Documents, Otherwise Publ. as Executive Documents: 13th Congress, 2d Session-49th Congress, 1st Session. (1870). United States: (n.p.).
^ Aldama, M. d., Echeverría, J. A. (1870). Facts about Cuba. United States: Sun job printing Office.
^ Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States [and Spain]: Transmitted to Congress with the Annual Message of the President, 1871[-1877.]. (1871). United States: (n.p.).
^ Hulme, P. (2011). Cuba's Wild East: A Literary Geography of Oriente. United Kingdom: Liverpool University Press.
^ "La República de Cuba : Zambrana, Antonio". archive.org. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
^ Chao, R. E. (2009). Baraguá: Insurgents and Exiles in Cuba and New York During the Ten Year War on Independence (1868-1878). United States: Dupont Circle Editions.
^ Zambrana y Vázquez, A. (1875). El negro Francisco: novela orijinal de costumbres cubanas. Chile: A. y M. Echeverria.
^ International Court of Justice. (2007). International Court of Justice Dispute Concerning NA Vigational And Related Rights (Costa Rica v Nicaragua) Counter-Memorial of the Republic of Nicaragua Volume II. Retrieved July 21, 2024, from https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/141928
^ Casanovas, J. (1998). Bread Or Bullets: Urban Labor and Spanish Colonialism in Cuba, 1850–1898. United States: University of Pittsburgh Press.
^ Dario, R. (2005). Selected Writings (Dario, Ruben). United States: Penguin Publishing Group.
^ Foner, P. S. (1989). Antonio Maceo: The “Bronze Titan” of Cuba’s Struggle for Independence. United Kingdom: Monthly Review Press.
^ "El Derecho Romano fue el impartido en casi todas las..." revistas.ucr.ac.cr. Retrieved 2024-07-21.
^ "634 - THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW | Duke University Press" (PDF). read.dukeupress.edu. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
^ "Hoy en la historia-Nacionales | Granma". granma.cu. Retrieved 21 July 2024.