Genus of plants
Arisaema tortuosum Arisaema genus of the flowering plant family Araceae . The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America.[ 1] spadix rising from a spathe .[ 2] [ 3] [ 4]
Classification and relationships
The closest relatives of Arisaema appear to be Pinellia Typhonium paraphyletic , having given rise to Arisaema and other genera).[ 5] Arisaema species, and not those of other genera, is the sex change or act of Sequential hermaphroditism . Arisaema plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphroditic when large, with a single plant capable of changing sex based on nutrition[ 5] [ 6] [ 5]
Sections
A phylogenetic study in 2016 by Ohi-toma et. al recognized 15 sections in the genus.[ 7]
Species
Arisaema abei Arisaema aequinoctiale Arisaema agasthyanum Arisaema album Arisaema amurense Arisaema anomalum Arisaema aprile Arisaema aridum Arisaema asperatum Arisaema auriculatum Arisaema austroyunnanense Arisaema averyanovii Arisaema balansae Arisaema bannaense Arisaema barbatum Arisaema barnesii Arisaema bockii Arisaema bonatianum Arisaema bottae Arisaema brucei Arisaema calcareum Arisaema candidissimum Arisaema caudatum Arisaema chuanxiense Arisaema chumponense Arisaema ciliatum Arisaema clavatum Arisaema concinnum Arisaema condaoense Arisaema consanguineum Arisaema constrictum Arisaema cordatum Arisaema costatum Arisaema cucullatum Arisaema dahaiense Arisaema decipiens Arisaema dracontium Arisaema echinatum Arisaema echinoides Arisaema ehimense Arisaema elephas Arisaema enneaphyllum Arisaema erubescens Arisaema exappendiculatum Arisaema fargesii Arisaema filiforme Arisaema fimbriatum Arisaema flavum Arisaema formosanum Arisaema franchetianum Arisaema fraternum Arisaema galeatum Arisaema garrettii Arisaema ghaticum Arisaema grapsospadix Arisaema griffithii Arisaema hainanense Arisaema handelii Arisaema heterocephalum Arisaema heterophyllum Arisaema hunanense Arisaema ilanense Arisaema inclusum Arisaema intermedium Arisaema ishizuchiense Arisaema iyoanum Arisaema jacquemontii Arisaema jethompsonii Arisaema jingdongense Arisaema kawashimae Arisaema kerrii Arisaema kishidae Arisaema kiushianum Arisaema kuratae Arisaema lackneri Arisaema laminatum Arisaema leschenaultii Arisaema lichiangense Arisaema lidaense Arisaema lihenganum Arisaema limbatum Arisaema linearifolium Arisaema lingyunense Arisaema lobatum Arisaema longipedunculatum Arisaema longitubum Arisaema macrospathum Arisaema maekawae Arisaema mairei Arisaema maximowiczii Arisaema maxwellii Arisaema melanostomum [ 8] Arisaema meleagris Arisaema menglaense Arisaema microspadix Arisaema mildbraedii Arisaema minamitanii Arisaema minus Arisaema monophyllum Arisaema mooneyanum Arisaema muratae Arisaema muricaudatum Arisaema murrayi Arisaema nagiense Arisaema nambae Arisaema negishii Arisaema nepenthoides Arisaema nikoense Arisaema nilamburense Arisaema odoratum Arisaema ogatae Arisaema omkoiense Arisaema ornatum Arisaema ovale Arisaema pachystachyum Arisaema pallidum Arisaema parisifolia Arisaema parvum Arisaema pattaniense Arisaema penicillatum Arisaema petelotii Arisaema petiolulatum Arisaema pianmaense Arisaema pingbianense Arisaema polyphyllum Arisaema prazeri Arisaema propinquum Arisaema psittacus Arisaema pusillum Arisaema quinatum Arisaema quinquelobatum Arisaema ramulosum Arisaema ringens Arisaema rostratum Arisaema roxburghii Arisaema rubrirhizomatum Arisaema ruwenzoricum Arisaema sachalinense Arisaema saddlepeakense Arisaema sarracenioides Arisaema saxatile Arisaema sazensoo Arisaema schimperianum Arisaema scortechinii Arisaema seppikoense Arisaema serratum Arisaema setosum Arisaema siamicum Arisaema siangense Arisaema sikokianum Arisaema silvestrii Arisaema sinii Arisaema sizemoreae Arisaema smitinandii Arisaema somalense Arisaema souliei Arisaema speciosum Arisaema stewardsonii Arisaema sukotaiense Arisaema taiwanense Arisaema tengtsungense Arisaema ternatipartitum Arisaema thunbergii Arisaema tortuosum Arisaema tosaense Arisaema translucens Arisaema triphyllum Arisaema tsangpoense Arisaema tuberculatum Arisaema ulugurense Arisaema umbrinum Arisaema undulatifolium Arisaema utile Arisaema vexillatum Arisaema victoriae Arisaema wangmoense Arisaema wardii Arisaema wattii Arisaema wilsonii Arisaema wrayi Arisaema xuanweiense Arisaema yamatense Arisaema yunnanense Arisaema zhui
References
^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ^ Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
^ Flora China Vol. 23 Page 43, 天南星属 tian nan xing shu, Arisaema Martius, Flora. 14: 459. 1831. ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 22, Arisaema Martius, Flora. 14: 459. 1831. ^ a b c Renner, S. S.; Zhang, L.-B.; Murata, J. (2004), "A chloroplast phylogeny of Arisaema (Araceae) illustrates Tertiary floristic links between Asia, North America, and East Africa" , American Journal of Botany , 91 (6): 881– 8, doi :10.3732/ajb.91.6.881 , PMID 21653444 ^ Vitt, P.; Holsinger, K. E.; Jones, C. S. (2003), "Local differentiation and plasticity in size and sex expression in jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema triphyllum (Araceae)", American Journal of Botany , 90 (12): 1729– 35, doi :10.3732/ajb.90.12.1729 PMID 21653349 ^ Ohi-Toma, Tetsuo; Wu, Sugong; Murata, Hiroko; Murata, Jin (2016-06-30). "An updated genus-wide phylogenetic analysis of Arisaema (Araceae) with reference to sections" . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . 182 (1). Oxford University Press (OUP): 100– 114. doi :10.1111/boj.12459 ISSN 0024-4074 . ^ Wang, Xiao-Yun; Du, Wen-Yan; Ma, Zheng-Xu (2019-03-12). "A new species and a new combination of the genus Arisaema (Araceae) from China". Phytotaxa . 395 (4): 265– 276. doi :10.11646/phytotaxa.395.4.2 . ISSN 1179-3163 . S2CID 91843915 .
Bibliography
Gusman, Guy; Gusman, Liliane (2006). The genus Arisaema: A monograph for botanists and nature lovers (2nd ed.). Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. pp. 1– 474. ISBN 0881928399
External links
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