Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Ashcan comic

An ashcan comic is a form of the American comic book originally created solely to establish trademarks on potential titles and not intended for sale. The practice was common in the 1930s and 1940s when the comic book industry was in its infancy, but was phased out after updates to US trademark law. The term was revived in the 1980s by Bob Burden, who applied it to prototypes of his self-published comic book. Since the 1990s, the term has been used to describe promotional materials produced in large print runs and made available for mass consumption. In the film and television industries, the term "ashcan copy" has been adopted for low-grade material created to preserve a claim to licensed property rights.

Original use

refer to caption
refer to caption
Fawcett Comics created an ashcan copy of Thrill Comics in 1939, but learned after submission the title was already trademarked. The material was later published as Whiz Comics.[1]

The modern comic book was created in the 1930s, and grew rapidly in popularity.[2] In the competition to secure trademarks on titles intended to sound thrilling, publishers including All-American Publications and Fawcett Comics developed the ashcan edition,[3] which was the same size as regular comics and usually had a black and white cover.[3] Typically, cover art was recycled from previous publications with a new title pasted to it.[4] Interior artwork ranged from previously published material in full color[3][4] to unfinished pencils without word balloons.[5] Some ashcans were only covers with no interior pages.[6] Production quality on these works range from being hand-stapled with untrimmed pages to machine-stapled and machine trimmed.[6] Once the practice was established, DC Comics used ashcans more frequently than any other publisher.[6] Not all the titles secured through ashcan editions were actually used for regular publications.[7]

The purpose of the ashcan editions was to fool the US Patent & Trademark Office into believing the book had actually been published.[8] Clerks at the office would accept the hastily produced material as legitimate, granting the submitting publisher a trademark to the title.[9][10] Since the ashcans had no other use, publishers printed as few as two copies; one was sent to the Trademark Office, the other was kept for their files.[11] Occasionally, publishers would send copies to distributors or wholesalers by registered mail to further establish publication dates,[4] but nearly all ashcan comic editions were limited to five copies or fewer.[3]

At the time, garbage cans were commonly called "ash cans" because they were used to hold ashes and soot from wood and coal heating systems.[5] The term was applied to these editions of comics because they had no value and were meant to be thrown away after being accepted by the Trademark Office.[5][8] Some spare copies were given to editors, employees, and visitors to keep as souvenirs.[6][8] Changes to the United States trademark law in 1946 allowed publishers to register a trademark with an intent to use instead of a finished product,[6] and the practice of creating and submitting ashcans was abandoned when publishers began to consider it an unnecessary effort lawyers used to justify a fee.[7] Because of their rarity, ashcans from this era are desired by collectors and often fetch a high price.[5] In April 2021, an ashcan copy of Action Comics #1 sold for US$204,000.[12]

Later use

In 1984, Golden Age comic book collector and dealer Bob Burden created Flaming Carrot Comics, published by Aardvark-Vanaheim.[3][8][13] For each issue, Burden had magazine-sized prototype editions printed and shared them with friends and people who assisted with production.[3] Some were also sent to retailers as advance previews to generate interest in his comic.[8] Fewer than forty copies of each prototype were made, and Burden described them as ashcans.[3]

In 1992, comic creator Rob Liefeld applied the term to two digest-sized prototype versions of Youngblood #1, but this ashcan was created for mass release. Instead of denoting the material as worthless, Liefeld's usage implied rarity and collectability.[3] This ashcan was the first publication from Image Comics, a publisher started by popular artists during a boom period for comic books. The sales success of the Youngblood ashcans prompted imitation, and for the next year nearly every new Image series had a corresponding ashcan.[8] Typical print run for Image ashcans was between 500 and 5,000. Soon, other publishers began releasing ashcans in a variety of sizes and formats.[3] In 1993, Triumphant Comics advertised ashcan editions of new properties with print runs of 50,000.[14]

Following the collapse of the speculation market in comics in the mid-1990s, the term has been used by publishers to describe booklets promoting upcoming comics.[9] Established publishers such as Dark Horse Comics, IDW Publishing, and DC Comics continue to use ashcan copies as part of their marketing plans for new titles.[15][16][17] Aspiring creators also apply the term to hand-stapled photocopied books they use to demonstrate their abilities to hiring editors at comic book conventions or as part of a submissions package.[18]

Film and television

The term has been appropriated by the film and television industries to refer to low-quality material made specifically to preserve rights to a licensed character, which often expire if unused for a set period of time. One of the earliest examples of this practice is the 1967 animated adaptation of The Hobbit.[19] Other prominent examples include the unreleased Fantastic Four film from 1994,[20] the low-budget sequels Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee (2009) and Hellraiser: Revelations (2011), and a TV pilot adaptation of The Wheel of Time (2015).[19]

See also

  • Burning off, the airing of otherwise-abandoned television programs in less desirable time slots or on sister networks, often for contractual or legal reasons.

References

  1. ^ Hembeck, Fred (June 18, 2003). "Johnny Thunder and Shazam!". The Hembeck Files. Retrieved June 22, 2005.
  2. ^ Ramsey, Taylor (February 5, 2013). "The History of Comics: Decade by decade". The Artifice. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Christensen, William A; Seifert, Mark (February 1994). "Evolution of the Ashcan". Wizard. No. 30. New York City: Wizard Entertainment. p. 89.
  4. ^ a b c Seifert, Mark (August 1, 2014). "75 Years Ago Today: DC Comics Wins The Race For Flash". Bleeding Cool. Avatar Press. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d Malito, Alessandra (October 9, 2017). "As fans throng to New York Comic Con, these comic books sell for millions of dollars". MarketWatch. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e Colabuono, Gary (September 1999). "Absolutely Amazing DC Ashcans". Comic Book Marketplace. Vol. 2, no. 71. Coronado, CA: Gemstone Publishing, Inc. p. 24.
  7. ^ a b Hamerlinck, Paul; Daigh, Ralph (2001). Fawcett Companion: The Best of FCA. Raleigh, NC: TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 9781893905108.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Colabuono, Gary (July 1993). "Ashcan Comics". Hero Illustrated. No. 1. Lombard, Illinois: Warrior Publications. p. 56.
  9. ^ a b "Historic DC Ashcan Comic Books in Heritage New York Auction". CGC Comics. January 31, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  10. ^ "Historic DC Ashcan comic books in Heritage Auctions February 22 New York event". Art Daily. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  11. ^ Cox, Brian L (August 13, 2011). "Rare 'ashcan' comic books on display at Chicago Comic Con". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  12. ^ Action Comics #1 Ashcan Sells For $204,000 At Auction at Bleeding Cool. April 19, 2021 by Rich Johnston.
  13. ^ Mallette, Jack (November 1986). "Bob Burden (part 1)". Comics Interview. No. 40. Fictioneer Books. pp. 22–41.
  14. ^ "Advertisement". Hero Illustrated. No. 2. Lombard, Illinois: Warrior Publications. August 1993. p. 125.
  15. ^ Dietsch, TJ (April 12, 2012). "C2E2: Bobby Curnow Unleashes "Battle Beasts" at IDW". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  16. ^ Johnston, Rich (April 20, 2017). "Let's All Read The Dark Matter/Master Class Ashcan From DC Comics". Bleeding Cool. Avatar Press. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  17. ^ Johnston, Rich (March 12, 2015). "Dark Horse Sends Fight Club 2, Rebels And Archie Vs. Predator". Bleeding Cool. Avatar Press. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  18. ^ Hart, Christopher (2014). Drawing Cutting Edge Anatomy. Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale. ISBN 9780770434861.
  19. ^ a b Wirestone, Clay (March 13, 2015). "The Weird History of the "Ashcan Copy"". Mental Floss. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  20. ^ Ito, Robert (March 2005). "Fantastic Faux!". Los Angeles. p. 108. Retrieved January 1, 2012.

Read other articles:

Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina (sejak 1986) Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina adalah sebuah lembaga keagamaan (Islam) yang berkecimpung dalam kajian keagamaan dan sosial. Visi dan Misi Visi Yayasan Wakaf Paramdina Menatap masa depan dengan kesadaran kebhinekaan sosial (pluralisme) dalam satu wadah tatanan politik yang adil, terbuka, dan demokratis. Hal ini terumuskan dalam: 1. Integrasi keislaman, kemodernan, dan keindonesiaan; 2. Mewujudkan keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia; 3. Penghormatan pada h…

RaikokeNama lokal: Райкоке 雷公計島Tampilan Landsat NASA dari Pulau RaikokeGeografiLokasiLaut OkhotskKoordinat48°17′30″N 153°14′30″E / 48.291667°N 153.241667°E / 48.291667; 153.241667KepulauanKepulauan KurilLuas4.6 km2Titik tertinggiPik Raikoke (551 m)PemerintahanNegaraRusiaKependudukanPendudukTidak berpenghuni Raikoke (bahasa Rusia: Райкоке, Jepang: 雷公計島), juga dieja Raykoke, adalah pulau vulkanik tak berp…

Ini adalah nama Maluku, (Ambon), marganya adalah Taihuttu Jim TaihuttuKiri Jim Taihuttu Kanan Nils RondhuisInformasi latar belakangNama lainJim AasgierLahir06 Juni 1981 (umur 42) Venlo, NetherlandsGenreHardstylehip hopdubstep big room housemoombahtonTrapPekerjaanDJPenulis SkenarioSutradara FilmProduser RekamanTahun aktif2010–sekarangLabelSonyUniversalArtis terkaitYellow ClawNils Rondhuis Salah satu Poster De Oost karya Jim Taihutu Jim Taihuttu (nama lain Jim Aasgier), lahir 6 Juli 1981 da…

Daerah Fimmvörðuháls Fimmvörðuháls (dengarkanⓘ) adalah daerah di antara gletser Eyjafjallajökull dan Mýrdalsjökull di bagian selatan Islandia. Rute di antara Skógar dan Thórsmörk melewati daerah ini dan daerah ini merupakan rute berjalan terpoluler di Islandia, walaupun panjangnya mencapai 22 km dan melibatkan pendakian sejauh 1000m. Di Fimmvörðuháls, terdapat sebuah pondok gunung modern dan nyaman yang dimiliki oleh Útivist, satu di antara asosiasi pendakian gunung Island…

Baron du Saint-Empire Armoiries d'un baron du Saint-Empire Couronne de baron du Saint-Empire Titulature Votre Excellence Création xve siècle Transmission Héréditaire ou personnel Assis sur Baronnie ou nom de famille Type Titre de la petite noblesse d'empire immédiate Abrogation 1806 modifier  Un baron du Saint-Empire (en allemand : Reichsfreiherr) littéralement « seigneur libre » au sens d'affranchi et propriétaire d'une terre — est un ancien titre de noblesse…

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2016. Sumber referensi dari artikel ini belum dipastikan dan mungkin isinya tidak benar. Mohon periksa, kembangkan artikel ini, dan tambahkan sumber yang benar pada bagian yang diperlukan. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Ini …

Aire d'attraction de Romans-sur-Isère Localisation de l'aire d'attraction de Romans-sur-Isère dans le département de la Drôme. Géographie Pays France Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Départements Drôme - Isère Caractéristiques Type Aire d'attraction d'une ville Code Insee 141 Catégorie Aires de 50 000 à moins de 200 000 habitants Nombre de communes 30 soit 29 (Drôme) + 1 (Isère) Population 65 544 hab. (2021) modifier  L'aire d'attraction de Romans-sur-Isè…

Opération Totalize Un char Cromwell et une jeep passent devant un canon PAK 43/41 allemand abandonné durant l'Opération Totalize, 8 août 1944 Informations générales Date 7 août - 13 août 1944 Lieu Normandie,France Issue Victoire des Alliés Belligérants Canada Royaume-Uni Pologne  Reich allemand Commandants Guy Simonds Kurt Meyer Forces en présence   2e Corps canadien 1re DB polonaise 3e DI canadienne 4e DB canadienne   12e SS-Panzerdivision 85e DI 89e DI Seconde Guerre …

Airport serving Houston, Texas, U.S. Intercontinental Airport and Intercontinental airport redirect here. For other such airports, see International airport. Bush airport redirects here. For simple airfields known as bush airfields, see Bush flying. George Bush Intercontinental AirportIATA: IAHICAO: KIAHFAA LID: IAHWMO: 72243SummaryAirport typePublicOwner/OperatorHouston Airport SystemServesGreater HoustonLocationHouston, Texas, U.S.OpenedJune 8, 1969; 54 years ago (1969-06-08)…

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:СинапсидыКл…

Världsmästerskapet i ishockey för herrar 1955Datum25 februari - 6 mars 1955DeltagareNationer ihuvudmästerskap9VärdskapLand VästtysklandSpelplatserDortmund Düsseldorf Krefeld KölnPlaceringar Guld Kanada Silver Sovjetunionen Brons TjeckoslovakienÖvrigtMatcher36Mål319 (8,86 mål per match)← 1954 Sverige Italien 1956 → Världsmästerskapet i ishockey 1955 var det 22:a världsmästerskapet i ishockey, arrangerat av IIHF, och matcherna europeiska lag emel…

German sculptor (1764–1850) Lithographic print (1830) of Johann Gottfried Schadow Schadow's grave in Berlin Johann Gottfried Schadow (20 May 1764 – 27 January 1850) was a German Prussian sculptor. His most iconic work is the chariot on top of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, executed in 1793 when he was still only 29.[1] Biography Schadow was born in Berlin, where his father was a poor tailor. He trained as a sculptor under Antoine Tassaert,[2] who was patronized by Frederick …

Persian Satrap of Caria Orontobates (Old Persian: *Arvantapātaʰ, Ancient Greek: Ὀροντοβάτης Orontobátēs; lived 4th century BC) was a Persian, who married the daughter of Pixodarus, the usurping satrap of Caria, and was sent by the king of Persia to succeed him. Biography On the approach of Alexander the Great of Macedon, (334 BC) Orontobates and Memnon of Rhodes entrenched themselves in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum). But at last, despairing of defending it, they set fire to the t…

Flers-en-Escrebieuxcomune Flers-en-Escrebieux – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia RegioneAlta Francia Dipartimento Nord ArrondissementDouai CantoneDouai TerritorioCoordinate50°24′N 3°03′E / 50.4°N 3.05°E50.4; 3.05 (Flers-en-Escrebieux)Coordinate: 50°24′N 3°03′E / 50.4°N 3.05°E50.4; 3.05 (Flers-en-Escrebieux) Superficie7,11 km² Abitanti5 602[1] (2009) Densità787,9 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale59128 Fuso…

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Getalsud Dam – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Dam in Ranchi, JharkhandGetalsud Dam(Rukka Dam)Getalsud Dam, JharkhandLocation in JharkhandCountryIndiaLocationOrmanjhi, Ranchi, JharkhandCoordin…

  وكالة سلامة الطيران الأوروبية وكالة سلامة الطيران الأوروبية   تفاصيل الوكالة الحكومية البلد ألمانيا  تأسست 27 سبتمبر 2002 (2002-09-27) المركز الاتحاد الأوروبي الموظفون 840 (2019)[1]  سلطات الطيران المشتركة    الإدارة موقع الويب easa.europa.eu تعديل مصدري - تعديل  …

This article is about the 1964 film. For the 1976 film, see Shoot (film). 1964 filmThe ShootDirected byRobert SiodmakWritten byKarl May (novel)Georg MarischkaRobert SiodmakProduced byArtur BraunerGötz Dieter WulfHeinz WillegStarringLex BarkerMarie VersiniRalf WolterCinematographyAleksandar SekulovicEdited byUrsula KahlbaumMusic byMartin BöttcherProductioncompaniesCCC FilmSerena FilmCriterion FilmAvala FilmHoche ProductionsRegina FilmDistributed byGloria FilmRelease date 20 August 196…

American conservative political website FrontPage MagazineFormatOnlineOwner(s)David Horowitz Freedom CenterEditor-in-chiefDavid HorowitzManaging editorJamie GlazovPolitical alignmentRight-wing to far-rightLanguageEnglishHeadquartersSherman Oaks, California, U.S.OCLC number47095728 Websitefrontpagemag.com FrontPage Magazine, also known as FrontPageMag.com, is an American right-wing,[1][2][3][4] anti-Islam[5][6] political website edited by David Horo…

Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens Mevalonate KinaseCrystallographic structure of mevalonate kinase from Staphylococcus aureus.[1]IdentifiersEC no.2.7.1.36CAS no.9026-52-2 DatabasesIntEnzIntEnz viewBRENDABRENDA entryExPASyNiceZyme viewKEGGKEGG entryMetaCycmetabolic pathwayPRIAMprofilePDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsumGene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGOSearchPMCarticlesPubMedarticlesNCBIproteins MVKAvailable structuresPDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes2R3VIdentifiersAliasesM…

Digital optical disc format Blu-rayReverse side of a Blu-ray. Unlike CD and DVD, the reflection has a blue hue. Branded colors include silver, gold, and grey.Media typeHigh-density optical discEncodingData encoding: CLV or Zoned CAV pits-and-lands with interleaved error correction codeBDMV Video encoding:H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2H.264/MPEG-4 AVCVC-1H.265/HEVC (only Ultra HD Blu-ray)Capacity25 GB (single-layer)50, 66 GB (dual-layer)100, 128 GB (BDXL)(Up to four layers are possible in a standard form BD…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya