Atafu

Atafu
	Atafu Atafu Atafu
Geography
Archipelago	Tokelau
Total islands	52
Area	2.5 km2 (0.97 sq mi)
Administration
	New Zealand
Dependent territory	Tokelau
Faipule (leader)	Kelihiano Kalolo
Pulenuku (mayor)	Nofo Iupati
Demographics
Population	541
Languages	Tokelauan, English

Atafu, formerly known as the Duke of York Group, is a group of 52 coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean, 500 kilometres (310 miles) north of Samoa.^[2] With a land area of 2.5 square kilometres (1.0 square mile), it is the smallest of the three islands that constitute Tokelau. It is an atoll and surrounds a central lagoon, which covers some 15 km² (5.8 sq mi). The atoll lies 800 kilometres (500 miles) south of the equator at 8° 35' South, 172° 30' West.

Population

According to the 2016 census, 541 people officially live on Atafu (although only 413 were present the night the census was taken).^[3] Of those present, 78% belong to the Congregational Church.^[4] The main settlement on the atoll is located on Atafu Island in its northwestern corner. The Presbyterian church was established on the island in 1858, but today almost all of the residents belong to the Congregational Christian Church.^[4] The first village on Atafu was established at its southern end: Residents built houses along the lagoon shore to take best advantage of the cooling trade winds.

Fishing is traditionally done by the men on Atafu, and they are highly skilled at it. They use many traditional methods that are passed on from fathers to sons. They create very effective lures, fish traps, nets, and seines. They commonly use the technique called "noose fishing", in which a circle of rope, tied with a noose knot, is dangled in the water; a large fish swims into the rope circle, lured by bait, and the noose is then tightened around its body, holding it fast.^[5] They also make well-crafted canoes, which they use for their fishing expeditions.

Geography

Atafu lies in the Pacific hurricane belt. In January 1914, a massive storm demolished the church and most of the houses on the islands, and wiped out many of the coconut palms.^[6]

The atoll is roughly triangular in shape and encloses a lagoon some five kilometres (3.1 miles) north to south by four kilometres (2.5 miles) east to west at its widest point. It is low-lying, reaching a maximum altitude of only some five metres (16 feet), and is heavily vegetated with coconut palms and other trees, with undergrowth similar to that found on many small central Pacific islands. Lizards, rats, and seabirds are common on Atafu island.^[6] The atoll attracts a wide variety of fish in large numbers.

The eastern side of the lagoon is a nearly continuous thin strip of land with one small break halfway along its length. In contrast, the western side is composed of reef and several distinct islands, notably the inverted V shape of Atafu Island in the north, Alofi, which extends into the lagoon from the western reef, and the L-shaped Fenualoa in the southwest. The smaller Tamaseko Island lies in the lagoon close to Alofi.

The reef which connects the islands of the atoll is shallow enough that it is possible to walk between the islands at low tide. This also means that there is no boat passage to the lagoon, although the ocean becomes deep very close to the reef. This allows for good anchorage, but also makes for rough seas close to the reef. The flatness of the atoll and its location within the tropical cyclone belt has led to damage to island properties on occasion.

Important Bird Area

Some 70 ha of the southern and south-western parts of the atoll have been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because the site supports breeding colonies of brown and black noddiess and common white terns, with about 30,000 breeding pairs estimated in 2011.^[7]

Islets

Fogalaki i Lalo
Fogalaki-Matangi (Fogalaki i Matagi)
Te Oki
Te Hepu
Laualalava
Te Kapi
Na Utua
Motu Atea
Motu Fakalalo
Tama Hakea
Hakea Lahi ki Matagi
Hakea O Himi
Malatea
Kenakena
Malo o Futa
Motu o Te Lakia
Komulo
Hakea o Apelamo
Na Hapiti
Niuefa
Fenualoa
Te Puka
Tamaheko
Te Alofi
Tulua a Kovi
Tagi a Kuli
Hakea o Himi
Tulua a Kava
Motu o te Niu
Malatea
Hakea o Hoi
Hakea o Fata
Kenakena
Matu o Tenumi
Matu o te Lakia
Motu Fakaka kai
Malo o Futa
Malo o Futa
Motu o te Fala
Tafega
Komulo
Hakela Lahi i Lalo
Hotoma
Hakea o Apelamo
Na Hapiti
Niuefa
Fenualoa
Te Puka
Tamaheko
Te Alofi
Ulugagie
Atafu Village

History

It is likely that Polynesians visited the island in ancient times, but they may not have settled there. The European discovery of the atoll came on 21 June 1765; it was made by John Byron, of HMS Dolphin. Byron found no one living on the island at that time.^[5] He named the island "Duke of York's island".^[8] According to Tokelauan oral tradition, Atafu was established by a man named Tonuia and his wife named Lagimaina, along with their seven children.^[9]

In 1859, the U.S. Guano Company claimed Duke of York along with a number of other Tokelauan atolls under the U.S. Guano Islands Act. The U.S. State Department bonded the claim in 1860. However, many of these islands were not worked by the company and in 1889 they were claimed by Great Britain as part of the Union Islands.^[10] In 1916, the Union Islands were annexed to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony and then, in 1925, reassigned to the Dominion of New Zealand under the administration of Territory of Western Samoa.^[11] In 1979, as part of the Treaty of Tokehega, the U.S. formally renounced its prior claim on Atafu and the other Tokelauan islands now under New Zealand sovereignty, and a maritime boundary between Tokelau and American Samoa was established.

On 26 August 2007, Ralph Tuijn, who was attempting to row a boat from South America to Australia, crash-landed on Atafu.^[12] On 26 November 2010, three teenage boys from Atafu were rescued after having drifted 1,300 km (800 mi) for 50 days in the Pacific.^[13]^[14]

References

^ ^a ^b "Results are in for the 2023 Tokelau national election". www.rnz.co.nz. RNZ. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
^ Tokelau Government
^ "2016 Tokelau Census atoll profiles" (PDF). tokelau.org.nz.
^ ^a ^b "2016 Final data tables" Retrieved 13-07-2017
^ ^a ^b "Atafu". Council for the Ongoing Government for Tokelau. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
^ ^a ^b Atafu Island on janeresture.com
^ "Atafu". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
^ *Quanchi, Max (2005). Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810853957.
^ Ethnology of the Tokelau Islands, Gordon MacGregor, 1937
^ Skaggs, Jimmy M. (1994). The Great Guano Rush: Entrepreneurs and American Overseas Expansion. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 135–136, 236. ISBN 9780312103163.
^ Rogers, E.S. (9 January 1933). The Sovereignty of Guano Islands in the Pacific Ocean (Report). Washington, D.C.: Department of State, Office of the Legal Advisor. pp. 226–228.
^ "Zeeman Ocean Challenge". Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2007.
^ Field, Michael (27 November 2010). "Boozy teens' midnight trip goes 1300km astray". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
^ "Joy in Tokelau over rescue of missing teenagers". Radio New Zealand International. 27 November 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2010.