Battle of Nanri Island

Battle of Nanri Island
	Part of the Chinese Civil War
Date	April 11–15, 1952
Location	Nanri Island, present-day Xiuyu District, Putian, Fujian
Result	Nationalist victory; Nationalist forces temporarily capture Nanri Island
Belligerents
Republic of China; Supported by:; United States	People's Republic of China
Commanders and leaders
Wang Kuan-Yao; Hu Lien	Ye Fei
Strength
6,000+ men from 75th Division; 3 Landing Vehicle Tracked; 10 Landing Craft ; 8 Aircraft	1,300 men+ from 83rd Division of 28th army regiment
Casualties and losses
PRC claims: 150+; ROC claim: Less than 80	500+ killed; 800+ captured; 3 torpedo boats sunk; 3 boats sunk; Civilian losses:; 11 killed; 43 wounded; 5 abducted to Taiwan

25°14′24″N 119°30′00″E / 25.240°N 119.500°E / 25.240; 119.500

The Battle of Nanri Island (Chinese: 南日島戰役; pinyin: Nánrì Dǎo Zhànyì) was a conflict between the Republic of China Army (ROCA) and the People's Liberation Army (PLA), over Nanri Island in today's Nanri Town, Xiuyu District, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China off the coast of Mainland China. This conflict occurred from 11 April 1952, to 15 April 1952, and resulted in a ROCA victory with complete destruction of PLA forces. However ROCA later^[when?] abandoned this island and retreated, with all its captured prizes and POWs, to Taiwan.

Introduction

Nanri Island
(labelled as NAN-JIH TAO 南日島)

With the Korean War erupting in the 1950s, the USA resumed military and financial support for the ROC military, whereby the ROCA acquired training and equipment from USA. One of the most important military breakthroughs for the ROCA was to gain more advanced amphibious warfare knowledge and skills, as well as more advanced mechanised armed forces.

For the ROC, receiving assistance from USA was not just a commitment on its part, yet equally meant that the ROC was required to fulfil its own commitment with regards to the USA's support. The best manner in which to proceed with this was to utilise this acquired military knowledge and weaponry in an actual military situation. In 1952, large scale confrontation between People's Volunteer Army and the forces of the United Nations began in Korea. In order to divert the attention of China from the Korean front, in addition to check on the result of its military assistance to the forces of the ROC, the USA decided to initiate military action along the south-eastern coast line of China.

The plan was laid down by Western Enterprises Inc (WEI), a "private" company in Taiwan which it was assumed pertained to, and under the direct control of, the CIA. The company was responsible for intelligence gathering along the coast of China. After having gathered a sizeable amount of evidence, the plan was to attack the Nanri Island during the duty takeover time period of the PLA, as there would have been only a single company of about 300 soldiers left on the island; a negligible strength of troops which would be capable to mount a successful and effective defence.

The plan was only made known to the first strike team of 75th division on October 9, and no special training was provided. On the night of October 9, Kinmen defence command ordered the ROCA's 75th division (commander Wan Kuan-Yao) to load the landing craft under the cover of darkness.

On 10 October 1952, before dawn,^[1] the 75th division and a few soldiers of the Anti-Communist National Salvation Army (ACNSA), divided amongst three Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT), and about ten landing crafts landed on Nanri Island. During the battle, the PLA sent two battalions and two companies of reinforcements from the mainland, consisting of over 1,000 soldiers to Nanri Island. Most of the PLA's reinforcements consisted of raw recruits with no previous experience and possessing limited training; significantly limiting their combat skills and effectiveness.

The raid failed, largely because the civilian junks the guerillas used as amphibious lift dropped the troops too far at sea and left them stranded there. The Nationalists were forced to withdraw on 14 October.^[2]

According to the ROCA, the withdrawal of troops began on 13 October 1952, yet official statement from the ROC would suggest that the withdrawal of troops actually began two days later on October 15. Given that the plan of the invasion was not to actually occupy the island, but to divert the attention of China from the Korean War, in addition to testing the newly acquired military capability from the USA, the ROCA withdrew from the island.

On 22 October 1952, the prisoners of war of the PLA were sent to Kaohsiung, and later sent to Taipei.

And few months after the Nanri Island battle, ROCA again won another battle at nearby Meizhou Island.

Aftermath

ROCA seized over 1,000 assault rifles, 60 light machine guns and 40 over mortars and other equipment. Over 1,000 livestock, over a 1.4 tonnes of food supply were also seized and various other items such as furniture and clothing were also seized.

Nanri Island postal chargé d'affaires Zhang Yuzhen (Chang Yu-chen; 張玉振) was taken prisoner by the ROCA along with all of the three yuan stamps, six yuan money orders, and five jiao tax stamps.^[3]

Fuzhou military complex have undergone major structural changes, improved training and procured more advanced equipment. The result of these actions is the victory of the Dongshan Island Campaign happened the following year.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Sampson C SHEN [in Chinese], ed. (1959). CHINA YEARBOOK 1958-1959. Taiwan. p. 555. Oct. 9-Chinese guerrillas operating along Fukien coast wiped out more than 2,000 Communist troops and captured 810 prisoners and a number of artillery pieces, mortars, automatic weapons, and bazookas in a three-day battle on Nanjih Island, situated 100 km. (60 mi.) from Foochow. The guerrillas withdrew from the island on October 13 taking the prisoners and arms to Kinmen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ [High Seas Buffer: The Taiwan Patrol Force, 1950-1979 By Bruce A. Elleman p60 Naval War College Newport Papers 2012]
^ 寇云峰, ed. (September 2002). 莆田市邮电志 (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: 方志出版社. p. 8. ISBN 7-80122-633-X.