ARTIKELDIGITAL.COM

calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers. To calculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or...

preconfigured functions. Calculate Linux is distributed in five flavours: Calculate Linux Desktop (CLD), Calculate Directory Server (CDS), Calculate Linux Scratch...

Calculated is the only studio album by the American punk rock band Heavens to Betsy, released on March 21, 1994, by Kill Rock Stars. The album received...

Calculated Industries, sometimes referred to as CI, is a company that specializes in industry specific calculators. Calculated Industries was incorporated...

up calculated risk in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Calculated Risk may refer to: Calculated Risk (blog), a finance and economics blog Calculated Risk...

Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of...

A music video for their song "These Colours Don't Run", from the EP A Calculated Use of Sound, was released in 2003. The video begins with the band discussing...

A Calculated Risk, published in 1992, is American author Katherine Neville's second novel. It is a financial thriller. Verity Banks is the senior woman...

The Calculated Ignition Index (CII) is an index of the ignition quality of residual fuel oil. It is used to determine the suitability of heavy fuel oil...

The record of manual approximation of π is held by William Shanks, who calculated 527 decimals correctly in 1853. Since the middle of the 20th century,...

user, and are essentially lookup tables. A typical application is to calculate the day of the week on which someone was born or a specific event occurred...

The Route Is Calculated (Russian: Маршрут построен) is a 2016 Russian horror thriller film directed by Oleg Asadulin. A man killed his own wife, dismembered...

Calculated match averages (CMAs, or averages) is a handicap calculated for every motorcycle speedway rider. The CMA is calculated from the following:...

important in physics for many applications, for example, to calculate flux densities, or to calculate mass from a corresponding density function. Often the...

Mathematical software is software used to model, analyze or calculate numeric, symbolic or geometric data. Numerical analysis and symbolic computation...

converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8; the check digit does not need to be re-calculated. Some publishers, such as Ballantine Books, would sometimes use 12-digit...

ship's hydrostatic tables show the corresponding volume displaced. To calculate the weight of the displaced water, it is necessary to know its density...

year. None ever disappear." (Mermin also coined the saying "Shut up and calculate" to describe many physicists' attitude to interpretations of quantum theory...

and later applied in women's football and futsal, the coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe, and the Asian parts of...

congruence is an algorithm devised by Christian Zeller in the 19th century to calculate the day of the week for any Julian or Gregorian calendar date. It can...

Xcas commands: produce mixed fractions: propfrac(42/15) gives 2 + ⁠4/5⁠ calculate square root: sqrt(4) = 2 draw a vertical line in coordinate system: line(x=1)...

Calculated Risk is a finance and economics blog. It was started in early 2005 by former technology executive Bill McBride (pseudonym Calculated Risk)...

mass-marketed TI-30 line which is still produced. In 1978, a new company, Calculated Industries arose which focused on specialized markets. Their first calculator...

an estimator is the formal name for the rule by which an estimate is calculated from data, and estimation theory deals with finding estimators with good...

G*Power is a free-to use software used to calculate statistical power. The program offers the ability to calculate power for a wide variety of statistical...

is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, that is C=5. To calculate the check digit, the following algorithm may be used: Each of the first...

DeVaughn's 1980 effort, named after a new song by DeVaughn, Figures Can't Calculate to TEC Records in Philadelphia. The title song climbed to No. 37 in the...

higher than the CFR and is often much lower, but is also much harder to calculate. This data is based on optimally treated patients and excludes isolated...

now calculated by the Nanakshahi calendar, however the observances of Guru Nanak Gurpurab, Vaisakhi, and Bandi Chhor Divas continue to be calculated according...

developed by Stuart K. Card, Thomas P. Moran, & Allen Newell (1983) used to calculate how long it takes to perform a certain task. Other cognitive modeling...

relation; that is: <a rel="nofollow" ...>. Because search engines often calculate a site's importance according to the number of hyperlinks from other sites...

built into the screen of the instrument. Modern digital instruments may calculate and display these properties directly. Oscilloscopes are used in the sciences...

a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as...

Development Index is not calculated for two UN member states: Monaco and North Korea, only some components of the index are calculated for these two countries...

deaths related to flu that occurred in a given season. The methods used to calculate these estimates are described on CDC’s webpage, How CDC Estimates the...

well-established large-cap companies. The value of the index can also be calculated as the sum of the stock prices of the companies included in the index...

In atomic physics, the Rydberg formula calculates the wavelengths of a spectral line in many chemical elements. The formula was primarily presented as...

boat and keep it from following an intended course. To understand and calculate set and drift, one needs to first understand currents. Ocean currents...

relationships between the angles and sides of such triangles allow one to quickly calculate some useful quantities in geometric problems without resorting to more...

{\displaystyle [1,n-1]} . Calculate the curve point ( x 1 , y 1 ) = k × G {\displaystyle (x_{1},y_{1})=k\times G} . Calculate r = x 1 mod n {\displaystyle...

(PPP) forecast estimates from financial and statistical institutions that calculate using market or government official exchange rates. The data given on...

the following team had R=12, not 13. These numbers were then used to calculate new rankings, based on games played since June 2018. This produced a more...

in three-dimensional space through which the flux of a vector field is calculated; usually the gravitational field, electric field, or magnetic field. It...

three currencies and the renminbi, it forms the basket of currencies that calculate the value of IMF special drawing rights. As of late 2022, sterling is...

vacated and forfeited games. In the case of a tie, the method used to calculate winning percentage is to award half a point towards both a win and a lost...

modulus, elastic and plastic: The elastic section modulus is used to calculate a cross-section's resistance to bending within the elastic range, where...

material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions. A degree sign (°) or a superscript...

function with 1 method) julia> calculate(operate, val) = operate(val) calculate (generic function with 1 method) julia> calculate(square, 5) 25 In the following...

mass density distribution; with the potential field known, one can then calculate the corresponding electrostatic or gravitational (force) field. It is...

what they want to purchase and the merchant has to calculate what quantity that is, and then calculate the price. In a butcher's, for example, the customer...

The Grinold and Kroner Model is used to calculate expected returns for a stock, stock index or the market as whole. The model states that: E [ R ] = D...

Calculated Risk is a 1960 science fiction novel – specifically, a time travel story – by Charles Eric Maine. It was first published in the U. K. by Hodder...

companies would be categorized as megacap stocks. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the share price on a selected day and the number of outstanding...

Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa". Aryna Sabalenka is the current world...

10 players and top 10 female players in classical chess. Ratings are calculated using the Elo rating system. The top 20 players were ranked on 1 August...

who are still living have their lifespans and post-presidency timespans calculated through August 10, 2026. Article Two of the United States Constitution...

determine the price of a translation job. Word counts may also be used to calculate measures of readability and to measure typing and reading speeds (usually...

Sol-air temperature (Tsol-air) is a variable used to calculate cooling load of a building and determine the total heat gain through exterior surfaces...

surfactant, and is often used in the lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio to calculate fetal lung maturity. While phosphatidylcholines are found in all plant...

linearized forms of the Michaelis–Menten equation should be avoided to calculate the kinetic parameters. Properly weighted non-linear regression methods...

of five mathematical models (SGP, SGP4, SDP4, SGP8 and SDP8) used to calculate orbital state vectors of satellites and space debris relative to the Earth-centered...

computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations to calculate antenna performance, electromagnetic compatibility, radar cross section...

time one begins continuously exerting the force. It is commonly used to calculate "maximum holding time" for any particular task. Maximum force decays exponentially...

calculus (also known as moral calculus) is the application of mathematics to calculate issues in ethics. Generally, ethical calculus refers to any method of...

figure is calculated by dividing net profit by revenue or turnover, and it represents profitability, as a percentage. Net profit: To calculate net profit...

residence time of lake water, or the water age or flushing time) is a calculated quantity expressing the mean time that water (or some dissolved substance)...

mathematician and social reformer. He is best known for being the first person to calculate the height of Mount Everest, in 1852. He was a member of Henry Derozio's...

other taxes its users may be required to pay. The software automatically calculates a user's tax liabilities to the government, keeps track of all transactions...

experiments generating various types of aleatory events, and it is possible to calculate by using the properties of probability on a finite space of possibilities...

CO2SYS is a family of software programs that calculate chemical equilibria for aquatic inorganic carbon species and parameters. Their core function is...

A carbon footprint (or greenhouse gas footprint) is a calculated value or index that makes it possible to compare the total amount of greenhouse gases...

Equity Index (EQI) is a way the Ministry of Education uses to calculate equity funding for schools in New Zealand. It replaced the socioeconomic decile...

years. Z-scores are used to predict corporate defaults and an easy-to-calculate control measure for the financial distress status of companies in academic...

are also used in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices, increment and decrement operators and similar...

basis of the ecliptic coordinate system. Ancient scientists were able to calculate Earth's axial tilt by comparing the angle of the ecliptic (about 23.4°)...

equations numerically. Around 1910 he had already used human computers to calculate the stresses inside a masonry dam. It was not until World War I that computing...

Lottery mathematics is used to calculate probabilities of winning or losing a lottery game. It is based primarily on combinatorics, particularly the twelvefold...

parties, often between major parties in a two-party system. A swing can be calculated for the electorate as a whole, for a given electoral district or for a...

then the calculated variance is called the population variance. Normally, however, only a subset is available, and the variance calculated from this...

top 500 American companies produced by Forbes magazine. The list was calculated by combining five factors: sales, profits, assets, market value, and employees...

marching cubes algorithm: Process each cell in the grid independently. Calculate a cell index using comparisons of the contour level(s) with the data values...

radius of dominance in which the peak is the highest point. It can be calculated for small hills and islands, major mountain peaks, and even submarine...

classified because of security reasons. A black budget can be complicated to calculate, but in the United States it has been estimated to be over US$50 billion...

mathematical calculations and developing the Chudnovsky algorithm used to calculate the digits of π with extreme precision. Both were born in Kiev, Ukrainian...

circumference. Calculating the perimeter has several practical applications. A calculated perimeter is the length of fence required to surround a yard or garden...

The calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI) is an index of the ignition quality of residual fuel oil. The running of all internal combustion engines...

formerly issued by the British Home Office, is a manual which is used to calculate the appropriate length of rope for long-drop hangings. Following a series...

fundamentally possible to calculate exact performance values for RT cores working together. Base clock values were calculated off of said values, which...

not have one of the results enumerated below. While at bats are used to calculate certain statistics, including batting average and slugging percentage...

register tonnage (GRT) and net register tonnage (NRT). Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is...

combination of factors, including navigators' inability to accurately calculate their positions, errors in the available charts and pilot books, and inadequate...

field stockpile volume measurement is a monthly work program. We can calculate volume of a stockpile manually or by using different types of software...

percentage}}}\end{aligned}}} Thus, it is not necessary to calculate each ingredient's true percentage in order to calculate each ingredient's mass, provided the formula...

given ranking numbers in the list as the national HDI for China, which is calculated by the annual UNDP Human Development Report, is exclusively applied to...

with a certain energy and momentum. In Feynman diagrams, which serve to calculate the rate of collisions in quantum field theory, virtual particles contribute...

liabilities) to generate revenue. Total asset turnover ratios can be used to calculate return on equity (ROE) figures as part of DuPont analysis. As a financial...

Hechner-Levy (2000) describe how to utilize the fugacity capacity to calculate the concentration of a chemical in a system. Depending on the chemical...

quantifying and ranking the complexity of various refineries and units. To calculate the index, it is necessary to use complexity factors, which compare the...

The pseudostate trajectory model is an approximation method to calculate spacecraft trajectories in the presence of more than one planetary-sized bodies...

for use in court cases in the UK. Their purpose is to make it easier to calculate future losses in personal injury and fatal accident cases. The tables...

each PE calculates a local prefix sum for its block. The last block does not need to be calculated, since these prefix sums are only calculated as offsets...

a financial instrument is the nominal or face amount that is used to calculate payments made on that instrument. This amount generally does not change...

dependent territories and by the total number of births. The figures are calculated using data from official World Bank reports published in 2024. . Countries...

based on the information. For 2020, the list was published on December 3, calculated with data from November 23, 2019, to November 14, 2020. Billboard's top...

(accelerometers), rotation sensors (gyroscopes) and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction...

Divergent Schemes) to calculate wind fields, the meteorological pre-processor ABLE (Acquisition of Boundary Layer parameters) to calculate atmospheric parameters...

browsing the Web. In 2000, computer scientists Jim Gray and Prashant Shenoy calculated that for web page caching, a web browser should "cache web pages if there...

database, calculate deductions for items on sale (or, in British retail terminology, "special offer", "multibuy" or "buy one, get one free"), calculate the...

between 09:00 and 17:45 Hours CET. The L/E-DAX index (Late/Early DAX) is calculated from 17:55 to 22:00 CET and from 08:00 to 09:00 CET. The Eurex, a European...

vehicle, as well as data provided by the engine control unit (ECU), to calculate how and when to change gears in the vehicle for optimum performance, fuel...

percentage of a country's population that are Internet users. Estimates are calculated by the International Telecommunication Union using aggregate data. All...

Astrology software is a type of computer programs designed to calculate astrological horoscopes. Many of them also assemble interpretive text into narrative...

calculate its 13th and final digit. For the residents of India, the unique identity number named Aadhaar has a trailing 12th digit that is calculated...

wage) is the mean salary for the working population of a nation. It is calculated by summing all the annual salaries of all persons in work (surveyed) and...

vertices and primitives, generate or morph geometries and fragments, and calculate the colors in a rendered image. Shaders can execute a wide variety of...

The number of transfer units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current...

The Tetens equation is an equation to calculate the saturation vapour pressure of water over liquid and ice. It is named after its creator, O. Tetens...

2010 (and updated on 10 June 2011), the 2010 Human Development Report calculated the HDI combining three dimensions: A long and healthy life: Life expectancy...

in the same unit as the data. Standard deviation can also be used to calculate standard error for a finite sample, and to determine statistical significance...

"Queen Bee". It can be equipped with a firing control system which can calculate and adjust for projectile drop before the rocket fires. The PLA began...

companies such as online lenders also use alternative data sources to calculate the creditworthiness of borrowers. In Australia, credit scoring is widely...

player normally has several batting averages, with a different figure calculated for each type of match they play (first-class, one-day, Test matches,...

theoretical physics, back-reaction (or backreaction) is often necessary to calculate the self-consistent behaviour of a particle or an object in an external...

for rating the severity of computer system vulnerabilities. Scores are calculated from metrics that approximate the ease and impact of exploits. Scores...

investments in the portfolio, such as interest, coupons or dividends.) To calculate the modified Dietz return, divide the gain or loss in value, net of external...

larger number indicates higher or steeper degree of "tilt". Often slope is calculated as a ratio of "rise" to "run", or as a fraction ("rise over run") in which...

systems interpret the pilot's control inputs as a desired outcome and calculate the control surface positions required to achieve that outcome; this results...

diagrams may be necessary to solve complex problems. Sometimes in order to calculate the resultant force graphically the applied forces are arranged as the...

compute slowly converging infinite series while Maclaurin used it to calculate integrals. It was later generalized to Darboux's formula. If m and n are...

and tax-exempt organizations. These forms are used to report income, calculate federal taxes owed, and disclose other required information in accordance...

based on the information. For 2021, the list was published on December 2, calculated with data from November 21, 2020 to November 13, 2021. Billboard named...

GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates. Nominal GDP does not...

measures the intensity of the emitted light, and this measurement is used to calculate the dose of ionizing radiation the crystal was exposed to. Since the crystal...

d'Italia in 1976 for the younger riders in the race. The classification is calculated in the same way as the general classification, with the riders times being...

ratio is usually calculated and reported periodically for the economy by the national agency of statistics. It is usually calculated by using a survey...

over the course of a series of games, a whole season, or a career. It is calculated by dividing the total number of points by number of games. The terminology...

coefficient is at least 49%. In some cases, this equation can be applied to calculate the Gini coefficient without direct reference to the Lorenz curve. For...

can have their volume easily calculated using arithmetic formulas. Volumes of more complicated shapes can be calculated with integral calculus if a formula...

program with low code coverage. Many different metrics can be used to calculate test coverage. Some of the most basic are the percentage of program subroutines...

with each expressed as phasors. For example, it is used in optics to calculate the amount of light that is reflected from a surface with a different...

Nikkei 225, a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange, has been calculated by the newspaper since 1950. It is the country's only business daily....

divided into positive and negative money flow. Positive money flow is calculated by adding the money flow of all the days where the typical price is higher...

estimates of the total number of civilian-owned guns in a country. It then calculates the number per 100 people. This number for a country does not indicate...

navigation device to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution (called a fix). The TTFF is commonly broken down into...

remembered as the first known person to calculate the Earth's circumference. He was also the first to calculate Earth's axial tilt, which similarly proved...

the flow of heat (i.e., the temperature difference, ΔT ). It is used to calculate heat transfer between components of a system; such as by convection between...

viewers or listeners. It is used in marketing as a benchmarking metric to calculate the relative cost of an advertising campaign or an ad message in a given...

its SI unit is the joule (J). The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time. The symbol...

important within their field. Impact factor is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate's Web of Science. The impact factor of a journal reflects...

occur. The time at which a celestial object crosses the horizon can be calculated by converting its coordinates from the equatorial coordinate system to...

Draft is used in under keel clearance calculations, where the draft is calculated with the available depth of water (from Electronic navigational charts)...

Average Rate (JIBAR) is the money market rate, used in South Africa. It is calculated as the average interest rate at which banks buy and sell money. Since...

The anion gap (AG or AGAP) is a value calculated from the results of multiple individual medical lab tests. It may be reported with the results of an electrolyte...

human-made structures. Structural engineers also must understand and calculate the stability, strength, rigidity and earthquake-susceptibility of built...

allowed the Babylonians to calculate costs, sale prices and profits, and hence capital gains. Capital gain is generally calculated by taking the sale price...

Most shingle manufacturers have ventilation calculators to help you calculate the right amount of ventilation to add to a home. "Ventilation Calculator...

used to integrate Newton's equations of motion. It is frequently used to calculate trajectories of particles in molecular dynamics simulations and computer...

the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of the data. To calculate the IQR, the data set is divided into quartiles, or four rank-ordered...

masses are only minimum. The true masses can be determined when astrometry calculates the inclination of the orbit. There are 160 members of the multi-planet...

the observer and (c) out to space (see graphic above). It is used to calculate "horizon dip," which is the difference between the astronomical horizon...

against early anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems which took seconds to calculate an interception course. Making random trajectory changes could render...

pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered...

number of baserunners a pitcher has allowed per inning pitched. WHIP is calculated by adding the number of walks and hits allowed and dividing this sum by...

different values for the Hubble constant, which is then used in a formula to calculate the age. The range of the estimate is also within the range of the estimate...

the operand(s) of each instruction. An addressing mode specifies how to calculate the effective memory address of an operand by using information held in...

the USBL system and is converted into a range. To calculate a subsea position, the USBL calculates both a range and an angle from the transceiver to the...

conduit, shippers use the provider's online freight quote calculator to calculate freight costs for less than truckload, truckload, rail, ocean and air...

{\displaystyle t_{n}-t_{0}} is the number of years. CAGR can also be used to calculate mean annualized growth rates on quarterly or monthly values. The numerator...

consumer surplus for a transport project. Values of time are used to calculate the non-monetary costs incurred as part of a journey, so that the generalized...

in both terms of population and area. The population projections are calculated using geometric increase, excluding Bhiwadi. By 2031, the state may have...

term investor can expect to keep after taxation. Many stock indexes are calculated as a price return index and a total return index as well: The US stock...

top 100 Billboard Hot 100 Year-End songs was published on December 14, calculated with data from December 3, 2011 to November 24, 2012. At the number-one...

(reverse engineering) a device to identify manufacturing technology and calculate its manufacturing costs through a cost analysis of its parts and the effort...

parameters for various infectious diseases and use those parameters to calculate the effects of different interventions, like mass vaccination programs...

its engine displacement in cubic centimetres. The displacement can be calculated using the formula d = π 4 b 2 s n , {\displaystyle d={\pi \over 4}b^{2}sn...

angles up to 90°. Different versions of this instrument could be used to calculate various readings, such as longitude, latitude, and time of day. It was...

dilution, stepwise Homeopathic dilution Dilution (equation), an equation to calculate the rate a gas dilutes Trademark dilution, weakening of a trademark by...

player's efficiency at shooting the ball. It is intended to more accurately calculate a player's shooting than field goal percentage, free throw percentage...

using the net liquid balance (NLB) formula. In this formula, solvency is calculated by adding cash and cash equivalents to short-term investments, then subtracting...

since the equation for t i + 1 {\displaystyle t_{i+1}} is not needed to calculate the value of C {\displaystyle \mathbf {C} } at points t 1 {\displaystyle...

mathematics, an integral is the continuous analog of a sum, and is used to calculate areas, volumes, and their generalizations. The process of computing an...

deviation range is employed to represent real bioavailability and to calculate the drug dose needed for the drug taker to achieve systemic concentrations...

IJ, during high tide. The calculated averaged was called the Amsterdams Peil ("Amsterdam level", AP) and used to calculate the minimum height of the sea...

stocks, calculate a synthetic index value using the relevant index methodology, and then apply an interest rate and dividend adjustment to calculate the "fair...

paid, gives rise to operating cash flows. To calculate cash generated from operations, one must calculate cash generated from customers and cash paid to...

expected to contain more elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to have an additional so-called g-block, containing at least 18 elements...

specific needs and for what needs to be calculated. Inference algorithms gather new developments in the data and calculate it based on the new information provided...

The Beneish model is a statistical model that uses financial ratios calculated with accounting data of a specific company in order to check if it is likely...

elements is usually calculated on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation while that of a plate or shell element is calculated using plate or shell...

of the Earth, or the shortest arc length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates...

measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body. It is calculated as the distance between the centre of gravity of a ship and its metacentre...

algorithm or QR iteration is an eigenvalue algorithm: that is, a procedure to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix. The QR algorithm was developed...

and Y from two populations have the same distribution. The value of U calculated by the test can be converted to a measure of effect size by dividing it...

gravitation resembles Coulomb's law of electrical forces, which is used to calculate the magnitude of the electrical force arising between two charged bodies...

the Bareiss algorithm, named after Erwin Bareiss, is an algorithm to calculate the determinant or the echelon form of a matrix with integer entries using...

cylinder bore) is the diameter of each cylinder. Engine displacement is calculated based on bore, stroke length and the number of cylinders: displacement...

with a pattern of wires, cutouts, and perforations that allows a user to calculate astronomical positions precisely. It is able to measure the altitude above...

scores are mainly designed to be: Simple to calculate: In simple cases, manual computing can be used to calculate a basic score (although some scores, such...

Markets index, including another 31 markets. The MSCI World Index has been calculated since 1969, in various forms: without dividends (Price Index), with net...

reprogramming. ENIAC was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic Research...

number theory, Perron's formula is a formula discovered by Oskar Perron to calculate the sum of an arithmetic function, by means of an inverse Mellin transform...

assumptions) with a certain property: that the assumption allows us to calculate the probability of any event. As an example, consider a pair of ordinary...

independent measurements, when they exist, that the NASA/IPAC database calculates the diameter of a galaxy and that consequently the diameter of NGC 2008...

annual growth for the 1955-60 period; the figures after the 1980 column calculate the same value for 1975–80; and so on. The formulas used for the annual...

as the Metrica. He is mostly remembered for Heron's formula; a way to calculate the area of a triangle using only the lengths of its sides. Much of Hero's...

National Laboratory for High Energy Physics in Tsukuba, Japan. Gert Mittring calculated it in 39 seconds. Alexis Lemaire has broken this record with 13.55 seconds...

at the end of this time. Summary charts for years and decades are then calculated from their component weekly charts. Component charts have become an increasingly...

radius was named after the German astronomer Karl Schwarzschild, who calculated this solution for the theory of general relativity in 1916. The Schwarzschild...

The FDMNES program calculates the spectra of different spectroscopies related to the real or virtual absorption of x-ray in material. It gives the absorption...

MOCADI is a Monte Carlo simulation program used to calculate the transport of charged particle beams--as well as fragmentation and fission products from...

quantum Monte Carlo and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the energy and distribution of electrons in atoms, molecules and crystals...

of the Holy Cross) in Dresden, Germany. Using logarithmic tables, he calculated the first digits of the smallest solution, showing that it is about 7...

German companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. The index is calculated by Deutsche Börse. It includes the 50 Prime Standard shares that rank...

concert halls to toothpicks, add the costs up, divide it all out, and calculate the price per usage by hours, minutes, seconds, pieces, visits, clicks...

calendars or tropical solar calendars. While sidereal systems of astrology calculate twelve zodiac signs based on the observable sky and thus account for the...

United Kingdom (formerly NUTS 1). The Human Development Index figures are calculated and published by the Global Data Lab. "Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab...

minority of scholars—who think that astrological observations used to calculate the timeline of ancient Egyptian records, and thus the reign of Thutmose I...

amount, and half having an income below that amount. The median can be calculated for household income, personal income or disposable income. The median...

evaluated by a panel of judges: "discard the lowest and the highest scores; calculate the mean value of the remaining scores". In calculation of the IQM, only...

Fajr salaat (others say it’s third of the night, or until fajr time) To calculate prayer times two astronomical measures are necessary, the declination...

20th birthday. Technically, in all under 20 age divisions, the age is calculated "on December 31 of the year of competition" to avoid age group switching...

at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well)...

success rate in achieving a hit during an at bat. A batting average is calculated by dividing a player's hits by his at bats. In Major League Baseball,...

different road layers to a number using a set of coefficients. So, to calculate the GBE, the depth of each layer should be multiplied by the granular...

cohomology groups H i(K, K*) vanish for i ≥ 1. This result is used to calculate the étale cohomology groups of an algebraic curve. The theorem was published...

determine prognosis following surgery for breast cancer. Its value is calculated using three pathological criteria: the size of the tumour; the number...

Curiel won the Xavier Villaurrutia Award for his essay Onetti: obra y calculate infortunio. He regularly contributed to the El Financiero. "Muere el escritor...

mathematical finance, a Monte Carlo option model uses Monte Carlo methods to calculate the value of an option with multiple sources of uncertainty or with complicated...

Bürgi's trigonometry based algorithms called Kunstweg which can be used to calculate sines at arbitrary precision. Bürgi took special care to avoid his method...

International bunkers are subtracted from the energy supplies of a country to calculate its domestic consumption. It is as if international aviation and international...

current flows through the body, and the voltage is measured in order to calculate impedance (resistance and reactance) of the body. These measurements can...

implements the methods contained in the USAF Stability and Control DATCOM to calculate the static stability, control and dynamic derivative characteristics of...

them calculate the readability of their technical manuals. It is one of many such readability metrics, but is specifically designed to calculate the United...

thought to indicate a difficult intubation. Seven parameters are used to calculate the SARI score: Mouth opening, thyromental distance, Mallampati score...

known from 1987 onwards as the Australian Music Report. These charts were calculated by David Kent of the Kent Music Report / Australian Music Report and they...

intentional homicides globally in 2004, for a rate of 7.6 per 100,000. UNODC calculated a global estimated rate of 6.9 per 100,000 in 2010; 6.2 per 100,000 in...

other words, G is calculated in 64 steps: the first step is to calculate g1 with four up-arrows between 3s; the second step is to calculate g2 with g1 up-arrows...

just a strange fact that we can calculate some number and when we finish watching nature go through her tricks and calculate the number again, it is the same...

angle and a nautical almanac to calculate Greenwich time if so desired, or by extension any other time. That calculated time can be used in solving a spherical...

and trademarked by American businessman Dallas Hostetler, which aims to calculate the first day of the year on which a nation as a whole has theoretically...

However, RCS is a property of the target alone and may be measured or calculated. Thus, RCS allows the performance of a radar system with a given target...

Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores. The International Skating Union...

methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids...

should calculate a new FCS as data is received and then compare the received FCS with the FCS the receiver has calculated. An alternative is to calculate a...

electronic U-tube meter or calculated from polynomial fits to the tabulated data, in fact, the ICUMSA tables are calculated from a best-fit polynomial...

Calculated Risk is a 1963 British crime thriller film directed by Norman Harrison and starring William Lucas, John Rutland and Dilys Watling. The screenplay...

mechanical or electronic system during normal system operation. MTBF can be calculated as the arithmetic mean (average) time between failures of a system. The...

frame. GMV includes any fees or other deductions which a seller might calculate separately. Site revenue comes from fees and is different from the monetary-value...

In quantum chemistry, a natural bond orbital or NBO is a calculated bonding orbital with maximum electron density. The NBOs are one of a sequence of natural...

since it replaces the actual gradient (calculated from the entire data set) by an estimate thereof (calculated from a randomly selected subset of the...

The Purnell equation is an equation used in analytical chemistry to calculate the resolution Rs between two peaks in a chromatogram. R s = N 2 4 ( α −...

person of all time, although there are no reliable ways to accurately calculate his wealth. Written sources augment the Mande oral histories, with the...

information to the engine's electronic control unit (ECU). The data is used to calculate air density and determine the engine's air mass flow rate, which in turn...

significance of the deviation from a null hypothesis (e.g., p-value) can be calculated exactly, rather than relying on an approximation that becomes exact in...

Bank of India's 'Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy'. The rank is calculated according to the percentage of people below poverty -line which is computed...

Water cascade analysis (WCA) is a technique to calculate the minimum flowrate target for feedwater and wastewater for continuous water-using processes...

usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils, and it calculates the magnetic flux from the change of voltage on the coils. The magnetic...

their past and future values for any given time are entailed; they can be calculated from the laws of classical mechanics. We may regard the present state...

On-base plus slugging (OPS) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging percentage. The ability...

planes. Since wire-frame renderings are relatively simple and fast to calculate, they are often used in cases where a relatively high screen frame rate...

constitute the engine, or compressor, cycle. The indicator diagram is used to calculate the work done and the power produced in an engine cylinder or used in...

computations are motivated by the development of efficient algorithms to calculate numeric series, as well as the human quest to break records. The extensive...

open-source mathematical expressions parser/evaluator providing abilities to calculate various expressions at a run time. Expressions definitions are given as...

irregularly shaped wreath could be crushed into a cube whose volume could be calculated easily and compared with the mass; but the king did not approve of this...

up all those pages. The rate for the United Kingdom as a whole can be calculated by adding up their prison populations, and then dividing by their combined...

working at 500 MHz, with capacity to calculate 16 GFlops. Elbrus-2SM (2014) working at 300 MHz, with capacity to calculate 9.6 GFlops. Elbrus-4S (2014) working...

independent measurements, when they exist, that the NASA/IPAC database calculates the diameter of a galaxy and that consequently the diameter of NGC 5416...

route numbers Concurrent (Easter), the weekday of 24 March Julian used to calculate Julian Easter Concurrent enrolment, a process in the US allowing students...

compare many different reviews of the same work. Many of these systems calculate an approximate average assessment, usually based on assigning a numeric...

colour space, approximating the given RAL colour sRGB value Grey value calculated from (0.2126 × red) + (0.7152 × green) + (0.0722 × blue) CIE L*a*b* values...

is either of two formulas used in telecommunications engineering to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of a multistage amplifier. One relates to noise...

that one should use all four possible orderings between ordered pairs to calculate the difference between two of the distributions. Since the sky distribution...

are three ways to calculate WAR. WARP is calculated by Baseball Prospectus, fWAR is calculated by FanGraphs, and bWAR is calculated by Baseball Reference...

condensed notes about a specific topic, such as mathematical formulas to calculate area/volume, or common syntactic rules and idioms of a particular computer...

20 August 2015. Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela (27 July 2022). "Physicists calculate highest dives most humans can safely withstand". New Scientist. Retrieved...

statistics are estimates of economic activity at the prefecture level calculated in accordance with Japan's national accounts. The article lists the GDP...

{\displaystyle \sigma } (the standard deviation of the population). The mean value calculated from the sample, x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} , will have an associated...

of the larger body being orbited. Therefore, the mass of a body can be calculated from observations of another body orbiting around it. Newton's cannonball...

a bomb calorimeter. Low heat values are calculated from high heat value test data. They may also be calculated as the difference between the standard enthalpies/heats...

investments. Although there are many variations, the cap rate is generally calculated as the ratio between the annual rental income produced by a real estate...

During training, the aligned error between two residues, i and j is calculated by aligning the predicted N, Cα, and C atoms of residue i onto the same...

2026. The table shows the annual development of the OMX Copenhagen 25 calculated back to 1922. "Index info OMXC25, OMX Copenhagen 25 Index, (DK0060775369)...

securities, as well as potential lenders and investors. Free cash flow can be calculated in various ways, depending on audience and available data. A common measure...

radar timing to distances traveled by radar energy, the speed is used to calculate it. With speed of radar waves at approximately the speed of light in vacuum...

implements some steps of some video decompression algorithms. The scope is to calculate these on the SIP core rather than on the CPU. Intel Clear Video is paired...

above three building blocks and then using the probability amplitudes to calculate the probability of any such complex interaction. It turns out that the...

infrastructure efficiency (DCIE), is a performance improvement metric used to calculate the energy efficiency of a data center. DCIE is the percentage value derived...

indicator of the amount of work necessary to build a given ship and is calculated by multiplying the tonnage of a ship by a coefficient, which is determined...

Development Index is a more widely used means of measuring well-being. Steps to Calculate Physical Quality of Life: Find percentage of the population that is literate...

specifying the shape of a 2D airfoil, Reynolds and Mach numbers, XFOIL can calculate the pressure distribution on the airfoil and hence lift and drag characteristics...

times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as a year. It is calculated to see if a business has an excessive inventory in comparison to its sales...

final week in November. This altered calendar allows for Billboard to calculate year-end charts and release them in time for its final print issue in...

and retention rates are constant, the following formula can be used to calculate the lifetime value of a customer relationship: Customer Lifetime Value...

continuous customer movement in and out of a service base. Churn rate is calculated by dividing the total number of individuals, customers, or items lost...

elements), where that average is calculated over some reasonable period of time. The period over which the average is calculated is often one hour, but shorter...

Spreadsheets have the function COMBIN(n,r) to calculate ( n r ) {\displaystyle {n \choose r}} . To calculate "odds-to-1", divide the probability into 1.0...

residue (RCR) is well known in the petroleum industry as a method to calculate the carbon residue of a fuel. The carbon residue value is considered by...

derives its calculation from a base price, calculated after depreciation. Residual values are calculated using a number of factors, generally a vehicle's...

when the Jacobian matrix itself is often difficult or impossible to calculate. It may be possible to solve the Newton iteration formula without the...

those within a particular month, a full season or combined seasons. It is calculated by summing the square of tropical cyclones' maximum sustained winds, as...

width of a building. In structural engineering, slenderness is used to calculate the propensity of a column to buckle. It is defined as l / k {\displaystyle...

secretiveness of the Nigerian Army, it is currently almost impossible to calculate the sum of all weaponry in the army. Diez, Octavio (2000). Armament and...

meaning that rankings can still be calculated. The rankings of each college in the Norrington Table may be calculated by awarding 5 points for a student...

edit the memory used by running processes. Among other features, it can calculate various checksums, compare files, or shred files. HxD is distributed as...

a retail transaction is completed. At the point of sale, the merchant calculates the amount owed by the customer, indicates that amount, may prepare an...

are calculated by sharing of the pool among all winning bets. In some countries it is known as the tote, after the totalisator, which calculates and displays...

rainflow cycle using either Miner's rule to calculate the fatigue damage, or in a crack growth equation to calculate the crack increments. Both methods give...

Armageddon; this was discovered by using what they call "pyramid inches" to calculate the passage of time where one British inch equals one solar year. Pyramidology...

other astronomical interferometers. These measurements can be used to calculate the diameter and limb darkening coefficients of stars, but with intensity...

non-GAAP gauge of financial performance for the real estate sector. Analysts calculate the standard version of FFO by adding amortization and depreciation to...

systems have been introduced. In such systems, a rating is rigorously calculated on the basis of game results. Traditionally, the level of players has...

mathematical physics, Gleason's theorem shows that the rule one uses to calculate probabilities in quantum physics, the Born rule, can be derived from the...

metrics as molecular distances Jukes and Cantor (1969), Ka/Ks ratio can be calculated. The sequences are matched up by using a heuristic algorithm for maximizing...

shares), expressed as a percentage. Because shareholder's equity can be calculated by taking all assets and subtracting all liabilities, ROE can also be...

third week in November. This altered calendar allows for Billboard to calculate year-end charts and release them in time for its final print issue in...

on the information. For 2017, the list was published on December 11, calculated with data from December 3, 2016 to November 25, 2017. "Closer" by The...

handle many applications at a time, and it can calculate 16000 fibonacci numbers in 35 seconds, as calculated using FPC Bench. Today, it is one of the rarest...

fat-free mass, is a component of body composition. Fat-free mass (FFM) is calculated by subtracting body fat weight from total body weight: total body weight...

It uses a variety of fuel moisture measurements and weather indices to calculate potential fire behaviour in wildland environments. Efforts to understand...

coupled with CHEMFLUX in order to calculate diffusion, advection, and decay rates or with SVHEAT in order to calculate thermal gradients and freeze/thaw...

the chain rule (also called the general product rule) describes how to calculate the probability of the intersection of, not necessarily independent, events...

elected. Score voting includes the well-known approval voting (used to calculate approval ratings), but also lets voters give partial (in-between) approval...

uses its previous calculated location for localization at later time intervals. For example, at time instant 1 if node A calculates its position as loca_1...

space between and around a transmitter and a receiver. The size of the calculated Fresnel zone at any particular distance from the transmitter and receiver...

confidence interval is a confidence interval for the probability of success calculated from the outcome of a series of success–failure experiments (Bernoulli...

geographic location at a given local time, one may proceed in three steps: calculate the Sun's position in the ecliptic coordinate system, convert to the equatorial...

based on the information. For 2019, the list was published on December 5, calculated with data from November 24, 2018, to November 16, 2019. Post Malone ranked...

(L-statistics) analogous to conventional moments, and can be used to calculate quantities analogous to standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis, termed...

In neuroscience, classical cable theory uses mathematical models to calculate the electric current (and accompanying voltage) along passive neurites,...

conflicts or over allocations in the project plan by allowing the software to calculate delays and update tasks automatically. Project management software leveling...

each week. Since the introduction of the ATP rankings the method used to calculate a player's ranking points has changed several times. As of 2017,[update]...

Net tonnage (NT, N.T. or nt) is a dimensionless index calculated from the total moulded volume of the ship's cargo spaces by using a mathematical formula...

encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the secret key). Examples of encryption modes that...

eyes or are accompanied by flames. The behaviors of a Hellhound are very calculated and purposeful and they are said to be highly intelligent. In Albanian...

or width of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known...

13. The game is a skillful one, as in the second half both players can calculate exactly which 13 cards the opponent has, and plan their play based on...

rate used to estimate the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can...

in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip...

product or delivery under contract, Such as where contract costS are calculated on a "time and materials" basis. Materials chart the history of humanity...

Tameside Council election defending their seats with vote share changes calculated on that basis. An asterisk denotes an incumbent. In 2008, Roy West stood...

helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance. Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it...

Effective renal plasma flow (eRPF) is a measure used in renal physiology to calculate renal plasma flow (RPF) and hence estimate renal function. Because the...

polygonal mesh, each vertex can have a blend weight for each bone. To calculate the final position of the vertex, a transformation matrix is created for...

sphere. The length of basic curves is more complicated but can also be calculated. Measuring with rulers, one can approximate the length of a curve by adding...

key object of study in quantum field theory where they can be used to calculate various observables such as S-matrix elements, although they are not themselves...

observances. Most of these are calculated by the date of Pascha. It includes secular observances which are calculated by religious observances. This list...

The Besselian elements are a set of values used to calculate and predict the local circumstances of occultations for an observer on Earth. This method...

a capitalization-weighted index. The number of shares issued (used to calculate the market cap and hence the index weight) of a company is reviewed quarterly...

chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of how to calculate longitude while at sea. Harrison's solution revolutionized navigation...

States. This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by collecting airplay data along with digital sales and streaming...

massively parallel supercomputers. Empire is used to calculate chemical structures and is able to calculate large systems such as proteins . "EMPIRE". www.ceposinsilico...

commonly used in genetics and genealogy. A coefficient of inbreeding can be calculated for an individual, and is typically one-half the coefficient of relationship...

introduced and Aalborg's and Nørresundby's population numbers are again calculated separately. Separate cities up to and including 2012. Media related to...

diffraction experiment. Recently, a Monte Carlo algorithm was proposed to calculate the number of homometric structures corresponding to any given set of...

0180 load r7, n 0190 r8 = r1 * r7 ; calculate subscript i * n + j 0200 r9 = r8 + r3 0210 r10 = r9 * #8  ; calculate byte address 0220 fr3 = #0.0 0230 fstore...

other circumstances where energy is transferred. For example, one could calculate the intensity of the kinetic energy carried by drops of water from a garden...

distributed variables, at least 88.8% of cases should fall within properly calculated three-sigma intervals. For unimodal distributions, the probability of...

fixed sample size trials. It is most commonly used by biostatisticians to calculate sample size and statistical power for adaptive clinical trial design....

continuity equation expressing conservation of electromagnetic energy, to calculate the power flow in electromagnetic fields. In Poynting's original paper...

used to calculate the density of a liquid for use in fluid dynamics (e.g., flow visualization). The relation has also been used to calculate refractive...

ways; aircraft travel at relatively high speeds, leaving less time to calculate their position en route. Aircraft normally cannot stop in mid-air to ascertain...

and ⁠ c i j {\displaystyle c_{ij}} ⁠ are both numerical values, so just calculate their product. Or, which is just mathematically the same thing, multiply...

accurate to within metres by measuring angles and using trigonometry to calculate distances between the pillars. Office for National Statistics: Cold Ashby...

in Northumbria in 664, wherein King Oswiu ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and observe the monastic tonsure according to the customs of Rome...

technical analysis. It is not to be confused with relative strength index. To calculate the relative strength of a particular stock, divide the percentage change...

tons", one of which equals a volume of 100 cubic feet (2.83 m3). It is calculated by subtracting non-revenue-earning spaces i.e. spaces not available for...

than forward kinematics, in which joint parameters are trigonometrically calculated to achieve the position and orientation of the chain's end. In robotics...

term dating from around that time. The midhinge is slightly simpler to calculate than the trimean (TM), which originated in the same context and equals...

estimate mutation rate assuming no selection. For example, it is used to calculate the Tajima's D neutral evolution statistic. Evolutionary biology portal...

the separate reactants are known, then the amount of the product can be calculated. Conversely, if one reactant has a known quantity and the quantity of...

Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.). Modern weather...

Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed...

The Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (KKR) method is used to calculate the electronic band structure of periodic solids. In the derivation of the method using multiple...

The source for this decade is the Kent Music Report. These charts were calculated in the 1990s in retrospect, by David Kent, using archival data. Album...

prohibitively expensive to be undertaken. The point of no return can be a calculated point during a continuous action (such as in aviation). A particular irreversible...

miles in 2 hours. How far does he walk in 7 hours?", one could first calculate how far the man walks in a single hour, as the ratio of the first two...

(Peñaparda), Villasrubias (Villarrubias) and Robleda (Robrea). Some authors calculate more speakers among the Rebollar emigrants in France than in the dialect...

constraints). To calculate the first-class constraint, one assumes that there are no second-class constraints, or that they have been calculated previously...

agreement to search and browse free trade agreements. It also has modules to calculate several trade indicators and perform tariff cut simulation. WITS has multiple...

upwind schemes typically, the so-called upstream variables are used to calculate the derivatives in a flow field. That is, derivatives are estimated using...

neural networks, the activation function of a node is a function that calculates the output of the node based on its individual inputs and their weights...

basket of consumer goods and services, purchases by a consumer. The CPI is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods...

Arcadio Poveda (1930–2022), Mexican astronomer who developed a method to calculate the mass of elliptical galaxies Arcadio Venturi (1929–2025), Italian footballer...

equivalent to that calculated for Hg 2, and a dissociation energy of 6 kJ/mol, roughly 4 times of that of Rn 2. Most strikingly, it was calculated to have a bond...

timekeeper to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee. The terms bundy clock and bundy have been used...

companies Calculate Beta in a Spreadsheet Free Beta Calculator for any Asset-Index pair Archived 2022-08-19 at the Wayback Machine Calculate Sharpe Ratio...

cables can be calculated. J. H. Neher and M. H. McGrath were two electrical engineers who wrote a paper in 1957 about how to calculate the capacity of...

"un-birthday present" by the White King and Queen. He then has Alice calculate the number of unbirthdays in a year. In the Disney animated film Alice...

Census returns, but was increased by 2.76% to 6,671,680 to allow for the calculated under-enumeration. The population of Laos in 2023 is 7,545,800 as given...

equivalent (symbolized CO2e or CO2eq, also denoted CO2-e or CO2-eq) can be calculated from the GWP and emitted mass. For any gas, it is the mass of CO2 that...

scale, recognizing the scale that was actually being used. The formula to calculate API gravity from specific gravity (SG) is: API gravity = 141.5 SG − 131...

rates and proportions, perform regression and correlation analysis and calculate power and sample size. The program uses a wizard-based interface which...

a list of countries and territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and World Inequality Database, based...

represents the percentage of shots on goal a goaltender stops. It is calculated by dividing the number of saves by the total number of shots on goal....

where an attacker can use Hash(message1) and the length of message1 to calculate Hash(message1 ‖ message2) for an attacker-controlled message2, without...

diffracting object-source combination. These coefficients are then used to calculate the field strength and phase for each direction away from the diffracting...

Calculate the standard score: Z = T ¯ − μ 0 s {\displaystyle Z={\frac {{\bar {T}}-\mu _{0}}{s}}} One-tailed and two-tailed p-values can be calculated...

together amount to the number of issued shares. Shares outstanding can be calculated as either basic or fully diluted. The basic count is the current number...

element of liquid crystal Director (military), a device that continuously calculates firing data Adobe Director (formerly MacroMind VideoWorks), a multimedia...

Program (Philippines) Net state domestic product, used in relation to calculate the GDP per capita in India Netgear Switch Discovery Protocol, a vendor-specific...

algorithm, in the context of a hidden Markov model (HMM), is used to calculate a 'belief state': the probability of a state at a certain time, given...

based on the Spread Component (SC) and the available energy (ERC) – to calculate flame length from which the Burning Index is computed. The equation for...

contrasted with the "bottom line" which shows profit or net income, which is calculated by deducting total expenses from revenue. In general usage, revenue is...

{\displaystyle \Delta G^{\circ }} , have been calculated, with good agreement between observed and calculated data. Skeletal isomerization occurs in the...

words, the life expectancy of the item. Engineers follow a theory to calculate the life expectancy from expected conditions, uses and physical properties...

mathematical calculations, and is noted for work done with Daniel Shanks to calculate the mathematical constant pi to 100,000 decimal places. Wrench was born...

: US Naval Observatory. For time of Sun's entry or exit from a sign, calculate Longitude of Sun, apparent geocentric ecliptic of date, interpolated to...

test for bad data, arrange the data in order of increasing values and calculate Q as defined: Q = gap range {\displaystyle Q={\frac {\text{gap}}{\text{range}}}}...

the number of protons in the observable universe. Eddington originally calculated it as about 1.57×1079; current estimates make it approximately 1080. The...

hours. Transits of Venus provided the first opportunities to accurately calculate the distance from Earth to Venus, by which the astronomical unit and the...

quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to calculate elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements...

Howard government. The Act is one of a few statutes used in Australia to calculate income tax assessments. The Act was passed in an attempt to provide a...

forecasting. This is the average spent per individual customer, which can be calculated separately for each member of the serving staff. Polansky and McCool propose...

operator to keep a gunsight aligned on the target, and the electronics would calculate the control inputs needed, a concept today known as SACLOS. It did this...

Model, Variable Permeability Model or VPM is an algorithm that is used to calculate the decompression needed for ambient pressure dive profiles using specified...

output CO) times the blood oxygen content (CaO2). Mathematically this is calculated as follows: oxygen delivery = cardiac output × arterial oxygen content...

the invoice is true, and a signature. A commercial invoice is used to calculate tariffs, international commercial terms, and is commonly used for customs...

value is usually calculated without the intangible assets that would have no resale value. In such cases, P/B should also be calculated on a "diluted" basis...

is a composite statistic of education, income and longevity indices, calculated in order to measure social and economic development within countries....

building balance point temperature is the base temperature necessary to calculate heating degree day to anticipate the annual energy demand to heat a building...

comment on bureaucratically generated research projects & papers, such as A Calculated Forecast of Ultimate Doom: Sickening Episodes of Widespread Devastation...

incorporated enterprises that are earned by the capital factor. It is calculated as a balancing item in the generation of income account of the national...

dynasty Chinese astronomer and mathematician Zhao Youqin (赵友钦, ? – 1330) to calculate the value of π in his book Ge Xiang Xin Shu (革象新书). Zhao Youqin started...

It is basically an approach to solve an inverse imaging problem: to calculate the shapes of the openings in a photomask ("source") so that the passing...

If the observer knows the angles subtended by P, Z, and X, they can calculate their position on the globe. By measuring the angle of the celestial body...

that were used to observe designated targets, estimate their positions, calculate firing data for guns directed to hit those targets, and assess the effectiveness...

compared to the known mass of a hydrogen atom. The electron rest mass can be calculated from the Rydberg constant R∞ and the fine-structure constant α obtained...

reactive transport models. GWB can calculate flow fields dynamically, or import flow fields as numeric data or calculated directly from the USGS hydrologic...

reflectance data, several things have to be taken into account. In order to calculate the reflectance ratio, the irradiance (or amount of light arriving at...

of the original uses of computer themselves, which were once used to calculate the trajectories of rockets and other related military-based calculations...

data from large printed tables. Since the mid-20th century, computers calculate the required functions instead, but many of the same formulas continue...

Silver also developed a "quick" earned run average (QuikERA or QERA) to calculate an ERA from peripheral statistics including strikeouts, walks, and groundball...

Twenty-Eight Mansions are matched with Day of the week and animal to calculate a person's fortune and luck. China portal Astronomy portal Four Symbols...

courier and postal services), which uses an estimated weight that is calculated from the length, width and height of a package. The shipping fee is based...

be an independent branch of science. A mathematical model is needed to calculate the displacements of atoms in a crystal in response to an applied static...

the way they are calculated. The laboratory value measures the freezing point depression, properly called osmolality while the calculated value is given...

the income recipients' place of residence. This measure of income is calculated as the personal income of the residents of a given area divided by the...

parameter to be estimated. Since the posterior mean is cumbersome to calculate, the form of the MMSE estimator is usually constrained to be within a...

Combinations, in contrast to the norm, are sufficiently forcing that one can calculate exactly how advantage will be achieved against any defense. Indeed, it...

Inertial Navigation Systems, which utilize the raw IMU measurements to calculate attitude, angular rates, linear velocity, and position relative to a global...

revenue. Gross margin is expressed as a percentage. Generally, it is calculated as the selling price of an item, less the cost of goods sold (e.g., production...

including how topics are presented, how meetings are started, and how to calculate a quorum. It also details who can force a vote to be made, and who can...

Observing farmland, where high resolution geo-tagged images can help calculate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) Containing wild fires, where...

many of the problems of valuing such cash flows. The terminal value is calculated in accordance with a stream of projected future free cash flows in discounted...

Since 18 July 1994, the gross and net tonnages, dimensionless indices calculated from the total moulded volume of the ship and its cargo spaces by mathematical...

without megaloblast RBCs. For further specification, it can be used to calculate red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The RDW is a statistical calculation...

compatible motors. Software on the satellite receiver (or external positioner) calculates the position of all available satellites from an initial location (input...

interpretation of the chronology of the Hebrew Bible. This system attempts to calculate the number of years since the creation of the world according to the Genesis...

(ACU), is an execution unit inside central processing units (CPUs) that calculates addresses used by the CPU to access main memory. By having address calculations...

information. For 2021, its first year, the list was published on December 2, calculated with data from November 21, 2020, to November 13, 2021. 2021 in music...

uncertain to calculate. The exact date the AWA stops promoting on a regular basis is unknown making the length of the reign too uncertain to calculate. The exact...

financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's debt and equity are publicly...

Alternatively, a user can select a destination, and Google Flights will calculate every price for each day of the next 12 months, visualized in a graph...

repo market, calculated by the New York Federal Reserve. With US government bonds serving as collateral for borrowing, SOFR is calculated differently from...

the following 5 values depending on which quartile is being calculated. In order to calculate quartiles in Matlab, the function quantile(A,p) can be used...

her guests prefer Cheese Nips to her other food preparation. Statista calculates that in 2016, 1.5 million Americans consumed eight or more bags of Cheese...

formerly critical point, is a line across a ski jumping hill. It is used to calculate the number of points granted for a given jump. It is also called calculation...

Time in Brazil is calculated using standard time, and the country (including its offshore islands) is divided into four standard time zones: Fernando de...

On-base plus slugging (OPS) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging average. The statistic...

position as well as oxygen sensors and/or Air-Fuel ratio sensors in order to calculate engine load. The ECU is programmed to operate control valves that adjust...

contributions to chart-eligible sales totals for singles and albums are calculated using the methodology employed by the Official Charts Company for consumption...

matrices. A language based performance model: this gives a formal way to calculate the work and depth of a program. These measures can be related to running...

nearly 11,000 walk-in clinics in America, although it is impossible to calculate an exact number given the variable and ill-defined nature of the category...

the development of density functional theory, which made it possible to calculate quantum mechanical electronic structure by equations involving the electronic...

MeasuringWorth is a free online service to calculate relative economic value over time using price indexes. It has data sets, charts, and comparators...

Decrement tables, also called life table methods, are used to calculate the probability of certain events. Life table methods are often used to study...

either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that automatically calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells. The term spreadsheet...

point on their journey. Additional features included allowing the user to calculate the carbon footprint their journeys have produced. The site was named...

surrounding Morphological Urban Areas. Morphological Urban Areas were calculated by combining contiguous local administrative units with population densities...

know λ and λ', we can calculate D. Using the approximation that ABC is an isosceles triangle, we can use our value of D to calculate the height of the reflecting...

G-buffer. These are then used after the entire scene has been drawn to calculate the lit final image. Typically one render target holds color and surface...

World Championships are worth the most points. The team rankings are calculated by summing the points of the team's four best placed riders, and the national...

functional groups present on the molecules that make up the liquid mixture to calculate activity coefficients. By using interactions for each of the functional...

hours"). It is calculated in each amoeba with the goal being to identify and maximize profitability per hour. Amoeba profit is usually calculated on a monthly...

fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number...

The main use of astronomical quantities specified in this way is to calculate other relevant parameters of motion, in order to predict future positions...

1229(b) and therefore does not trigger the stop-time rule which is used to calculate the ten year continuous presence requirement for non-lawful permanent...

Hashing is a one-directional mathematical operation which is quick to calculate, yet hard to reverse. So password storage and digital signatures benefit...

computus clock is a clock equipped with a mechanism that automatically calculates and displays, or helps determine, the date of Easter (and other dependent...

of A4(440 hertz), and F equals the frequency. The formula is used to calculate the frequency of each note in the piece. The values are then added together...

easily be incorporated between tracking agents. Notably, the time taken to calculate paths remains constant as the number of agents increases. Repenning, Alexander...

y is, the closer A is to 1, so its logarithm can be calculated efficiently. A can be calculated using the exponential series, which converges quickly...

which the carry bit is calculated alongside the sum bit, and each stage must wait until the previous carry bit has been calculated to begin calculating...

at Berkeley wrote an unpublished paper in May 1986 describing how to calculate the square root using bit fiddling techniques followed by Newton iterations...

based on the information. For 2022, the list was published on December 1, calculated with data from November 20, 2021 to November 12, 2022. At the number-one...

Tamil Nadu in 1996 calculated by the government's State Planning Commission was 0.636. By 2001, the average HDI for the state calculated by the State Planning...

The source for this year is the "Kent Music Report". These charts are calculated by David Kent of the Kent Music Report. "Kent Music Report No 288 – 31...

is an empirical extension of Debye–Hückel theory which can be used to calculate activity coefficients of electrolyte solutions at relatively high concentrations...

used as an alternative scoring system, each player's Buchholz score is calculated by adding the raw scores of each of the opponents they played and multiplying...

compression efficiency would be somewhere in between. To calculate this efficiency, it is necessary to calculate the efficiencies of the 2 stages, first calculating...

introduced it in 1952, is a mathematical relationship that allows one to calculate probable values for the phases of some diffracted beams. It is used when...

wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule. This function can be used to calculate chemical and physical properties such as the probability of finding an...

Delivery schedule adherence (DSA) is a business metric used to calculate the timeliness of deliveries from suppliers. It is a commonly used supply chain...

the shortest through the poles. The speed at any given latitude can be calculated by multiplying the equatorial speed by the cosine of the latitude. At...

payroll tax may be imposed on employers or employees. They are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries that employers pay their employees. By...

also built in several Italian and French churches in order to better calculate astronomical events. Those churches are Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence...

the economic activities of a country. The rate of growth is typically calculated as real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, real GDP per capita...

Average cost. The average cost method relies on average unit cost to calculate cost of units sold and ending inventory. Several variations on the calculation...

top 100 Billboard Hot 100 Year-End songs was published on December 8, calculated with data from December 5, 2009 to November 27, 2010. At the number-one...

together.) All other figures, including total cultivated land area, are calculated on the basis of this mentioned dataset. Exclusive economic zone Food and...