Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Campfire story

Campfire in the Redwoods by Edwin Deakin (1876), Laguna Art Museum.

In North America, a campfire story is a form of oral storytelling performed around an open fire at night, typically in the wilderness, largely connected with the telling of stories having supernatural motifs or elements of urban legend. Whereas the activity is not incomparable to, nor mutually exclusive from indigenous practices, they should not be confused with each other in a contemporary context.

History

The modern campfire story is an invention of the late modern period and may have arisen among soldiers or frontiersmen who utilized storytelling as a nightly means to stay awake while acting as camp lookouts.[1] In North America, as early as the 1840s,[2] the term "camp-fire story" was associated with wartime exploits such as those told in a military encampment.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In the late 1800s, advertisements, for journals and lectures, providing the inclusion of "camp-fire stories" began to appear.[12][13][14] Contemporaneously, fraternities and other organizations would arrange reunions among veterans who then continued the tradition in peacetime and even outside the confines of a camp.[15][16][17][18][19] The term likewise began to be connected with encounters with large or dangerous game,[20][21][22][23][24][25] such as bears,[20][22][23][25] buffaloes,[21] panthers or snakes.[24]

With the formation of youth groups, such as Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts of America, came the adoption of practices already established by organizations of the day. Consequently, campfire stories came to be an integral part within such organizations nearly since their inception. In the first edition of the official handbook for the Boy Scouts of America, chapter three on "Campcraft" provides many notes for campfire entertainment including those on storytelling. While the example story provided is an adaptation of Native American oral tradition, the criteria for stories given are as follows: "Indian legends, war stories, ghost stories, detective stories, stories of heroism, the history of life, a talk about the stars."[26] It is among these early youth groups that the understanding of a campfire story came to be broadened and signaled a major shift in audience from veterans to a more general public. Likewise, the very nature of such organizations present factors conducive to stories of the supernatural, namely, the introduction of younger groups of listeners far more impressionable to stories of a frightful or fantastic nature. In time, the popularity of the latter would come to be predominant and greatly eclipse other genre stories.

Camping activity

Campfire stories hold a strong association with camping as a form of recreation. Author William W. Forgey, in the introduction to his 1984 book Campfire Stories ... Things That Go Bump in the Night, noted that in his ten years of service as a scoutmaster, the most requested campfire event were stories that evoke fear. Forgey further identified a number of elements that should go into the telling of a campfire story:

  1. Enjoy the practice
  2. Maintain eye contact
  3. Keep in close contact with audience
  4. Do not obsess over details
  5. Set a "quiet mood" prior to the story
  6. Utilize the energy of the audience
  7. Maintain the campfire
  8. Forgo props or scare tactics, these distract from the story
  9. Use different vocal inflections
  10. Start sessions with believable tales to build credibility[27]

Forgey's points emphasize an important distinction of the campfire story as a practice rather than a genre, as is the case with ghost stories or urban legends. The campfire story, while having a strong association with horror or the supernatural, is not a subset or class of tales but an outdoor activity, as much so as hiking, rock climbing or swimming. It is also for many a rite of passage into the years directly proceeding preadolescence.

See also

References

  1. ^ "A Camp-Fire Story". Towanda, PA: Bradford Reporter. 21 November 1861. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b "A Camp-Fire Story, Early Military Discipline in Texas". Alexandria, D.C.: Alexandria Gazette. 19 April 1843. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ^ "A Camp-Fire Stories". Independence, IA: Buchanan County Bulletin. 2 June 1871. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  4. ^ "An Adventure of the War, A Camp Fire Story". Grand Rapids (Wisconsin Rapids), WI: Wood County Reporter. 25 December 1884. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Some Camp Fire Stories". Omaha, NE: Omaha Daily Bee. 7 January 1886. p. 7. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Camp-Fire Stories". Indianapolis, IN: Indianapolis Journal. 17 February 1886. p. 4. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  7. ^ "Camp-Fire Stories, Payable on Demand". Perrysburg, OH: Perrysburg Journal. 22 March 1890. p. 7. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  8. ^ "Camp-Fire Stories, Heroic Johnny Clark". Perrysburg, OH: Perrysburg Journal. 12 April 1890. p. 3. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  9. ^ "Camp-Fire Stories, Wounded Unto Death". Perrysburg, OH: Perrysburg Journal. 19 April 1890. p. 3. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  10. ^ "Campfire Stories, Sleeper Tells of Release". Delta, CO: Delta Independent. 7 June 1912. p. 7. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  11. ^ "Campfire Stories, Battle in Cypress Swamps". Ordway, CO: Ordway New Era. 8 November 1912. p. 6. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  12. ^ "The Soldiers' Best Paper, The Grand Army Journal". Washington, D.C.: New National Era. 21 September 1871. p. 4. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  13. ^ "3 Months Free !". Portland, ME: Portland Daily Press. 14 August 1876. p. 3. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  14. ^ "CENTRAL MUSIC HALL, Camp-Fire Stories!". Portland, ME: Chicago Daily Tribune. 17 March 1881. p. 3. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  15. ^ Watchman (5 September 1873). "Re-Union of the Old Eighth". Bradford, VT: National Opinion. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  16. ^ "The first of a series of six sociables was given in Odd Fellows' hall..." Saint Paul, MN: St. Paul daily Globe. 4 October 1885. p. 10. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  17. ^ "Underhill". Burlington, VT: Burlington Weekly Free Press. 13 February 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  18. ^ "Northfield". Montpelier, VT: Green-Mountain Freeman. 4 February 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  19. ^ "The Soldiers Reunion". Omaha, NE: Omaha Daily Bee. 6 August 1881. p. 4. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  20. ^ a b "In the Embrace of a Bear, A Camp-Fire Story That Might Be Sprinkled All Over With Exclamation Points". Canton, OH: Stark County Democrat. 5 February 1885. p. 1. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  21. ^ a b "Dr. Carver, 'The Dead Shot'". Richmond, VA: The Daily Dispatch. 19 July 1878. p. 4. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  22. ^ a b "Camp Fire Stories". Wheeling, WV: Wheeling Sunday Register. 4 December 1887. p. 9. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  23. ^ a b Fort Keogh (M.T.) Cor. N.Y. Times (9 February 1888). "Gigantic Bears". Abilene, KS: Abilene Reflector. p. 9. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  24. ^ a b "Camp-Fire Stories, Three Snake Stories". Canton, OH: Stark County Democrat. 13 March 1890. p. 7. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Sporting Adventures". Chicago, IL: Chicago Daily Tribune. 21 February 1880. p. 9. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  26. ^ Boy Scouts of America (1911). Boy Scouts of America The Official Handbook for Boys. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. p. 161.
  27. ^ Forgey, William (1985). Campfire Stories ...Things That Go Bump in the Night. Merrillville, IN: ICS Books, Inc. pp. 1–4. ISBN 0934802238.


Read more information:

Panji Margono

Patung Raden Panji Margono di altar Klenteng Gie Yong Bio Raden Mas Panji Margono (wafat: 1750 M) adalah seorang keturunan trah Panji Lasem dan merupakan salah satu dari Pahlawan Lasem dalam pertempuran melawan VOC yang biasa dikenal dengan Perang Kuning. Ia adalah putra dari seorang Adipati Lasem bernama Tejakusuma V (Raden Panji Sasongko). Pada saat perang kuning, ia menggunakan nama samaran Tan Pan Ciang dan dicatat dalam Babad Tanah Jawi sebagai Encik Macan.[1][2] Bersama Rad…

Chan Santokhi

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Chan Santokhi – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTORChandrikapersad Santokhi Presiden SurinamePetahanaMulai menjabat 16 Juli 2020Wakil PresidenRonnie Brunswijk PendahuluDési BoutersePengga…

Badan Lingkungan Eropa

European Environment AgencyLogo Badan Lingkungan Eropa (EEA)Informasi lembagaDibentuk30 Oktober 1993 (1993-10-30)Wilayah hukumUni EropaKantor pusatKopenhagen, Denmark55°40′52″N 12°35′12″E / 55.681208°N 12.586609°E / 55.681208; 12.586609Koordinat: 55°40′52″N 12°35′12″E / 55.681208°N 12.586609°E / 55.681208; 12.586609Pejabat eksekutifHans Bruyninckx, Direktur EksekutifElisabeth Freytag-Rigler, Kepala Dewan ManajemenDasar …

Kamnik

Jalanan di Kamnik Kamnik merupakan sebuah kota dan kotamadya di Slovenia. Di Kamnik terdapat Arboretum Volčji Potok, pameran bunga, pohon dan tumbuhan lain yang hidup di Alpen Kamnik. Kota Kamnik memiliki reruntuhan 2 buah kastel peninggalan Abad Pertengahan dan juga peninggalan bersejarah lain. Kota ini berpenduduk 26.000 jiwa. Kota kembar Gendringen, Belanda Andechs, Jerman Ennigerloh, Jerman Trofaiach, Austria Kerns, Swiss Pranala luar (Slovenia) Kamnik, situs resmi Volčji potok Diarsipkan …

Памятники Рыбинска

Список памятников, расположенных на территории города Рыбинска Ярославской области России. Фото Год установки Название Авторы Описание Местоположение 1953 год Монумент «Мать-Волга» Скульпторы: С. Шапошников В. Малашкина Архитектор Н. Донских Один из крупнейших памятников …

Japan

Island country in East Asia For other uses, see Japan (disambiguation). Nippon, Nihon, and JPN redirect here. For other uses, see Nippon (disambiguation), Nihon (disambiguation), and JPN (disambiguation). Japan日本国 (Japanese)Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku Flag Imperial Seal Anthem: 君が代 (Kimigayo)His Imperial Majesty's ReignState Seal:大日本國璽 (Dai Nihon Kokuji)National Seal of Greater Japan  Location of Japan   Territory claimed but not controlledCapita…

INews Makassar

iNews MakassarPT Sun Televisi MakassarMakassar, Sulawesi SelatanIndonesiaSaluranDigital: 40 UHFSloganInspiring and InformativePemrogramanBahasaBahasa IndonesiaBahasa MakassarJaringan televisiiNewsKepemilikanPemilikMedia Nusantara Citra (2009-2023)[1]iNews Media Group (2023-sekarang)RiwayatSiaran perdana14 Januari 2009Bekas tanda panggilSUN TV MakassariNews TV MakassarBekas nomor kanal31 UHF (analog)51 UHF (analog)Informasi teknisOtoritas perizinanKementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Re…

Gereja Orang Skotlandia, Wina

Gereja Orang SkotlandiaBasilika Minor Bunda Orang SkotlandiaJerman: Basilika Unserer Lieben Frau zu den Schottencode: de is deprecated Gereja Orang Skotlandia, WinaLokasiWinaNegara AustriaDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaArsitekturStatusBasilika minorStatus fungsionalAktifGayaBarokAdministrasiKeuskupan AgungKeuskupan Agung WinaKlerusImam yang bertugasRomo Nikolaus Poch o.s.b[1] Gereja Orang Skotlandia (Jerman: Schottenkirchecode: de is deprecated ) adalah sebuah gereja paroki dan basili…

Tugu Jam Tamansari

Tugu Jam Tamansari. Tugu Jam Tamansari atau Bundaran Tamansari adalah bangunan yang dijadikan sebagai titik sentral Kota Salatiga sejak pemerintahan gemeente. Sampai saat ini, tugu tersebut menjadi pusat keramaian Kota Salatiga.[1][2][3][4][5] Lihat pula Gedung Pakuwon Gereja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih GPIB Tamansari Salatiga Rumah Dinas Wali Kota Salatiga Wisma BCA Salatiga Rujukan ^ Tugu Jam Bundaran Salatiga. Geografi Pendidikan Indonesia. Diarsipkan dari…

Izmir

Smyrne Ne doit pas être confondu avec Izmit. Pour la province, voir İzmir (province). Izmir Smyrne Vue panoramique. Administration Pays Turquie Région Région Égéenne Province Izmir District Région Égéenne Maire Mandat Mustafa Tunç Soyer (CHP) 2019-2024 Préfet Yavuz Selim Köşger2020 Indicatif téléphonique international +(90)232 Plaque minéralogique 35 Démographie Gentilé Smyrniote (İzmirli en turc) Population 4 425 789 hab. (2021) Densité 369 hab./km2 Géog…

إنريكي روتشا

إنريكي روتشا (بالإسبانية: Enrique Rocha)‏  معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإسبانية: Enrique Miguel Rocha Ruiz)‏  الميلاد 5 يناير 1940   سيلاو  [لغات أخرى]‏  الوفاة 7 نوفمبر 2021 (81 سنة) [1]  مدينة مكسيكو  مواطنة المكسيك  الزوجة نوريا باجيس (1975–1978)  العشير تيريه فيلاسكيز …

Daftar Wakil Bupati Majene

Wakil Bupati MajenePetahanaArismunandar Kalmasejak 27 Juni 2021Masa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk2001Pejabat pertamaKalma KattaSitus webmajenekab.go.id/v3/ Berikut ini adalah daftar Wakil Bupati Majene dari masa ke masa. No. Potret Wakil Bupati Mulai menjabat Akhir menjabat Partai Bupati Periode Ref. 1 Kalma Katta 2001 2006 Muhammad Darwis 12 2 Itol A. Syaiful Tonra 2006 2011 Kalma Katta 13 3 Fahmi Massiara 25 Juni 2011 25 Juni 2016 PPP 14 Jabatan kosong 25 Juni 2016 27 Juni 2016 Syamsiar Muchtar …

كهرباء انضغاطية

قرص كهربائي انضغاطي يولد فرق جهد عند توليد ضغط عليه (تغير الشكل مكبر كثيرا لغرض التوضيح) الكهرضغطية[1] أو الكهرباء الإجهادية[1] أو الكهرباء الانضغاطية أو الكَهْرَباءُ الضَّغْطِيَّة أو الكهرضغطية أو البيزوكهربائية[بحاجة لمصدر] (Piezoelectricity) هي خاصية لبعض المواد (وخص…

Kota Quebec

Ada usul agar Kota Quebec diganti judulnya dan dipindahkan ke Kota Québec (Diskusikan). Kota Quebec city or town (en)kota besarterritory outside RCM (en)provincial or territorial capital city in Canada (en) Québec (en)Kephek (abe) flag of Quebec City (en) coat of arms of Quebec City (en) Moto«Don de Dieu feray valoir» Dinamakan berdasarkanQuebec City–Lévis narrows (en) Tempat Negara berdaulatKanadaProvince of Canada (en)QuebecAdministrative region of Quebec (en)Capitale-Nationale (en)…

Samuele Dalla Bona

Samuele Dalla Bona Informasi pribadiTanggal lahir 6 Februari 1981 (umur 43)Tempat lahir San Donà di Piave, ItaliaTinggi 185 m (606 ft 11 in)Posisi bermain MidfielderKarier junior1996–1998 Atalanta1998–1999 ChelseaKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1999–2002 Chelsea 55 (6)2002–2006 Milan 4 (0)2003–2004 → Bologna (pinjaman) 19 (3)2004–2005 → Lecce (pinjaman) 36 (6)2005–2006 → Sampdoria (pinjaman) 29 (0)2006–2011 Napoli 34 (3)2009–2010 → Iraklis (pinj…

ديغولية

شارل ديغول في زيه العسكري. الديغولية هي موقف سياسي فرنسي يقوم على فكر وعمل زعيم المقاومة الفرنسية في الحرب العالمية الثانية شارل ديغول والذي أصبح فيما بعد الرئيس المؤسس للجمهورية الفرنسية الخامسة. سحب ديغول القوات الفرنسية من الهيكل القيادي لحلف شمال الأطلسي وفرض سحب قواعد…

Meishan, Chiayi

23°33′38.7″N 120°37′46.6″E / 23.560750°N 120.629611°E / 23.560750; 120.629611 Rural townshipMeishan Township梅山鄉 KoumeRural townshipMeishan Township in Chiayi CountyLocationChiayi County, TaiwanArea • Total120 km2 (50 sq mi)Population (May 2022) • Total18,164 • Density150/km2 (390/sq mi) Meishan Township (Chinese: 梅山鄉; pinyin: Méishān Xiāng) is a rural township in Chiayi County,…

Kim Nam-il

Kim Nam-Il김남일 Kim bersama Tom Tomsk pada 2010Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Kim Nam-ilTanggal lahir 14 Maret 1977 (umur 47)Tempat lahir Incheon, Korea SelatanTinggi 1,82 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain Gelandang bertahanInformasi klubKlub saat ini Seongnam FC (manajer)Karier junior1996–1999 Universitas HanyangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2000–2004 Chunnam Dragons 92 (7)2003 → Feyenoord (pinjaman) 0 (0)2003 → Excelsior (pinjaman) 8 (0)2005–2007 Suw…

Coligny (Ain)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Coligny. Coligny La mairie. Blason Administration Pays France Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Département Ain Arrondissement Bourg-en-Bresse Intercommunalité Communauté d'agglomération du Bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse Maire Mandat Bruno Raffin 2020-2026 Code postal 01270 Code commune 01108 Démographie Gentilé Colignois Populationmunicipale 1 227 hab. (2021 ) Densité 73 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 46° 22′ 59″ nord, 5°…

Denver International Airport

Airport serving Denver, Colorado This article is about the current airport open since 1995. For the airport previously serving Denver, Colorado, see Stapleton International Airport. Denver International AirportIATA: DENICAO: KDENFAA LID: DENWMO: 72565SummaryAirport typePublicOwnerCity & County of DenverOperatorCity & County of Denver Department of AviationServesDenver metropolitan area and Front Range Urban CorridorLocationNortheast Denver, Colorado, U.S.OpenedFebruary 28, 1995;…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya