Capulidae

Capulidae
Two shells of Capulus ungaricus with the periostracum removed
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Capuloidea
Family: Capulidae
Fleming, 1822
Genera

See text

Synonyms
  • Trichotropidae Gray, 1850
  • Verenidae Gray, 1857 (inv.)
  • Pileopsidae Chenu, 1859
  • Lippistidae Iredale, 1924
  • Siriidae Iredale, 1931
  • Cerithhiodermatidae Hacobjan, 1976

The Capulidae, the cap snails or cap shells, are a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.[1]

Capulidae is the only family in the superfamily Capuloidea. Capulidae is assigned to the paraphyletic order Littorinimorpha,[1] but is more closely related to neogastropods than some other littorinimorphs as it is a member of the clade Latrogastropoda.[2]

The name Trichotropidae was previously used for this family, but this name is invalid, as it is a junior synonym.[3]

Characteristics

(Original description; described as Capulusidae) The foot is complicated on its anterior margin. The shell adheres to the animal by a circular muscle, leaving an opening in front for the issue of the head and the entrance to the branchial cavity. The gills form a single ridge across the roof. The aperture is in the form of an extended proboscis, with a deep groove above. The tentacula, which are two in number, have the eyes at their external base. The anus is on the right side of the branchial cavity. [4]

Cup-shaped or bonnet-like, the shells of this family start with flat, tightly coiled initial whorls. From this beginning, they expand rapidly in a planospiral way, flaring out dramatically like a funnel.

The interior of the shell is porcelaneous. Some forms develop internal partitions or septa, a feature that makes them superficially resemble the Calyptraeidae (slipper limpets). Externally, the shell is covered by a thick periostracum that feels either felt-like or hairy. There is no operculum.

Species in this family are parasites, praying mostly on other molluscs. They steal the food from these animals with a long proboscis.

Genera

Genera within the family Capulidae include:[5]

Subfamily Capulinae J. Fleming, 1822
Subfamily † Lysinae Saul & Squires, 2008
Genera brought into synonymy
  • Actita Fischer von Waldheim, 1823: synonym of Capulus Montfort, 1810
  • Antitrichotropis Powell, 1951: synonym of Torellia Jeffreys, 1867
  • Ariadna P. Fischer, 1864: synonym of Ariadnaria T. Habe, 1961 (junior homonym, junior homonym of Ariadna Audouin, 1826 [Arachnida]; Ariadnaria is a replacement name)
  • Brocchia Bronn, 1828: synonym of Capulus Montfort, 1810
  • Capulonix Iredale, 1929: synonym of Capulus Montfort, 1810
  • Dolichosirius Iredale, 1931: synonym of Sirius Hedley, 1900 (junior subjective synonym)
  • † Eosirius P. A. Maxwell, 1966: synonym of † Trichosirius (Eosirius) P. A. Maxwell, 1966 represented as Trichosirius H. J. Finlay, 1926
  • Iphinoe H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 : synonym of Neoiphinoe Habe, 1978
  • † Mesostoma Deshayes, 1861: synonym of † Cerithioderma Conrad, 1860 (junior subjective synonym, invalid: junior homonym of Mesostoma Ehrenberg, 1836)
  • Neoconcha E.A. Smith, 1907: synonym of Torellia (Neoconcha) E.A. Smith, 1907
  • Opposirius Iredale, 1931: synonym of Sirius Hedley, 1900
  • Ovotropis Egorov & Alexeyev, 1998: synonym of Neoiphinoe Habe, 1978
  • Pileopsis Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Capulus Montfort, 1810
  • Opposirius Iredale, 1931: synonym of Sirius Hedley, 1900
  • Trichoconcha E.A. Smith, 1907: synonym of Torellia Jeffreys, 1867
  • † Tropidothais L. R. Cox, 1925: synonym of † Lysis Gabb, 1864 (junior subjective synonym)

References

  1. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2012). Capulidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139 on 2012-07-24
  2. ^ Colgan, Donald J.; Ponder, Winston F. (2025-07-28). "Redefining Latrogastropoda Again and Searching for Its Sister Group in Hypsogastropoda (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda)". Diversity. 17 (8): 524. Bibcode:2025Diver..17..524C. doi:10.3390/d17080524. ISSN 1424-2818.
  3. ^ ITIS Capulidae Fleming, 1822
  4. ^ Fleming, J. (1822). "The philosophy of zoology: or a general view of the structure, functions and classification of animals". Edinburgh. 2: 494. Retrieved 6 November 2025.
  5. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Capulidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.eu/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139 on 2010-06-06
  6. ^ Kiel S. (2003) New taxonomic data for the gastropod fauna of the Umzamba Formation (Santonian–Campanian, South Africa); Cretaceous Research 24 (2003) 449–475


This Capulidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.