James was born in 1929, the son of a coalminer, in Cefneithin in the Gwendraeth Valley. He was educated at the village school, at Gwendraeth Grammar School in Drefach, at Llandovery College, and at Trinity College, Carmathen.[2] He played rugby for and captained Wales Secondary Schools.[2][3]
At Aberystwyth University in his first year he studied Geography, Philosophy, Welsh History and Welsh, and Welsh alone in his final year.[3]
Teaching, navy, espionage
James worked as a Welsh teacher by profession and later a lecturer at Trinity College, Carmarthen. He also served in the navy, and may have done spying work, although was a pacifist later in life.[4]
Rugby playing
James played fly-half for Llanelli, playing his first game while still at Gwendraeth School. He later played for London Welsh RFC.[3]
He was capped for Wales twice in 1958, the second time at centre, but would probably have gained more caps had he not been in competition with Cliff Morgan for the fly-half spot.
Rugby coaching
James gained distinction as a coach with Llanelli. In 1970, he refused to leave the changing rooms whilst Llanelli lost to South Africa as a protest to the apartheid in the country of the visiting team to Wales.[5]
James then continued to coach Llanelli. He coached them to the famous victory over the All Blacks at Stradey Park, Llanelli, in 1972.[5] He then coached them to four Welsh Cups between 1973 and 1976.
He then coached in Italy, at Rugby Rovigo, from 1977 to 1980, winning a title.
James never coached the Welsh national side, largely because of his belief that the coach should chair the selectors' meetings and be responsible for choosing the other selectors. At one stage he applied for the role but then withdrew his application.[7]
Coaching approach
James' coaching style was said to involve quiet words with players and half-suggestions rather than orders.
Mervyn Davies said, "He invited us to take personal responsibility for our role but without ever telling us what to do." Mike Gibson said, "We were free to express our ability, free to attack from any situation." He said in some training sessions James would run behind the backs, shouting 'Think! Think! Think!'[8]
James was a strong believer in attacking rugby, with the attitude that if a team had possession of the ball it should be able to attack, regardless of the position on the field.
Rugby media work
In his later years he became a noted broadcaster on the game in Wales.
James was very interested in literature.[9] He spoke Russian fluently.[2]
James never married, and is believed by many to have struggled with loneliness[10] and possibly been homosexual.[11][7][12]
James suffered serious eczema.[13] Always a smoker, he also consumed significant alcohol in his later years.[6][9]
Death
In January 1983, 53-year-old James made a visit to the Netherlands as a break after making a television series, and stayed alone at the Hotel Krasnapolsky in Dam Square, Amsterdam. He had stayed with Cliff Morgan before the trip,[2] had invited Alun Richards on the trip, and made entirely normal telephone calls to friends during it.[13] The Western Mail reported that his body was discovered in the bath of his hotel suite, having lain there for some days. Police said he had died of a heart attack and there were no suspicious circumstances.[14][15]
Due to his coaching in Italy, an international tournament, called "Carwyn James Easter Trophy", is held in Pieve di Cento (Bologna). The 12th edition was in 2016. The trophy is for Under 15s sides and has been arranged with the help of Carwyn's nephew, Llyr James.
