Charles Boyer (French:[ʃaʁlbwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976.[1] After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s. His memorable performances were among the era's most highly praised, in romantic dramas such as The Garden of Allah (1936), Algiers (1938), and Love Affair (1939), as well as the mystery-thriller Gaslight (1944). He received four Oscar nominations for Best Actor. He also appeared as himself on the CBS sitcom I Love Lucy.
Life and career
Early years
Boyer was born in Figeac, Lot, France, the son of Augustine Louise Durand and Maurice Boyer, a merchant.[2] Boyer (whose surname comes from boièr, the Occitan word for "cowherd") was a shy small-town boy who discovered the movies and theatre at the age of eleven.
Early acting career
Boyer performed comic sketches for soldiers while working as a hospital orderly during World War I.[3] He began studies briefly at the Sorbonne, and was waiting for a chance to study acting at the Paris Conservatory.[4]
He went to the capital city to finish his education, but spent most of his time pursuing a theatrical career. In 1920, his quick memory won him a chance to replace the leading man in a stage production, Aux jardins de Murcie. He was successful. Then he appeared in a play La Bataille and Boyer became a theatre star overnight.[3][5][6]
In the 1920s, he played charming and charismatic characters on both stage and in silent films.[7]
At first, he performed film roles only for the money and found that supporting roles were unsatisfying. However, with the coming of sound, his deep voice made him a romantic star.[3]
He did The Only Girl (1933) with Lilian Harvey and performed on the Paris stage in Le Bonheur which was another success. It would be the last time he appeared on the Parisian stage.[6]
He returned to Hollywood for Caravan (1934) with Loretta Young at Fox. He was also in the French-language version Caravane, again with Annabella.[9]
Then in France he starred in Liliom (1934), directed by Fritz Lang, his first classic.[10]
In 1938, he landed his famous role as Pepe le Moko, the thief on the run in Algiers, an English-language remake of the classic French film Pepe le Moko with Jean Gabin, produced by Wanger. Although in the movie Boyer never said to costar Hedy Lamarr "Come with me to the Casbah," this line was in the movie trailer. The line would stick with him, thanks to generations of impressionists and Looney Tunes parodies.[3][12] Boyer's role as Pepe Le Moko was already world-famous when animator Chuck Jones based the character of Pepé Le Pew, the romantic skunk introduced in 1945, on Boyer and his best-known performance.[13] Boyer's vocal style was also parodied on the Tom and Jerry cartoons, most notably when Tom was trying to woo a female cat. (See The Zoot Cat).
He went back to France to make Le corsaire (1939) for Marc Allégret. He was making the movie in Nice when France declared war on Germany in September 1939. Production ceased on the declaration of war. Boyer joined the French army.[16] The film was never completed, although some footage of it was later released.[17][18]
By November, Boyer was discharged from the army and back in Hollywood as the French government thought he would be of more service making films.[19]
In contrast to his glamorous image, Boyer began losing his hair early, had a pronounced paunch, and was noticeably shorter than leading ladies like Ingrid Bergman. When Bette Davis first saw him on the set of All This, and Heaven Too, she did not recognize him and tried to have him removed.[13]
Universal
In January 1942 Boyer signed a three-year contract with Universal to act and produce. The contract would cover nine films.[21]
He was one of many stars in Flesh and Fantasy (1943) which he also produced with Julien Duvivier at Universal. He was an uncredited producer on Duvivier's Destiny (1944).
In 1943, he was awarded an Honorary Oscar Certificate for "progressive cultural achievement" in establishing the French Research Foundation in Los Angeles as a source of reference (certificate).
Boyer began his post war career with Cluny Brown (1946) with Jennifer Jones directed by Ernst Lubitsch. He was Warners highest paid actor at this stage earning $205,000 in 1945.[23]
Another film he did with Bergman, Arch of Triumph (1948), failed at the box office and Boyer was no longer the box office star he had been. "If you are in a big flop, nobody wants you," he said later.[6]
In 1951, he appeared on the Broadway stage in one of his most notable roles, that of Don Juan, in a dramatic reading of the third act of George Bernard Shaw's Man and Superman. This is the act popularly known as Don Juan in Hell. In 1952, he won Broadway's 1951 Special Tony Award for Don Juan in Hell. It was directed by actor Charles Laughton. Laughton co-starred as the Devil, with Cedric Hardwicke as the statue of the military commander slain by Don Juan, and Agnes Moorehead as Dona Anna, the commander's daughter, one of Juan's former conquests. The production was a critical success, and was subsequently recorded complete by Columbia Masterworks, one of the first complete recordings of a non-musical stage production ever made. As of 2006, however, it has never been released on CD, but in 2009 it became available as an MP3 download.[27]
In Hollywood Boyer had a strong supporting role as real life privateer Dominique You alongside Yul Brynner's Jean LaFitte in The Buccaneer (1958).
Boyer co-starred again with Claudette Colbert in the Broadway comedy The Marriage-Go-Round (1958–1960), but said to the producer, "Keep that woman away from me".[33] The production was a hit and ran for 431 performances. Boyer did not reprise his performance in the film version. He kept busy doing work for Four Star.[34]
He was nominated for the Tony Award as Best Actor (Dramatic) in the 1963 Broadway production of Lord Pengo, which ran for 175 performances.[35]
Later that same year Boyer performed in Man and Boy on the London and New York stage. The Broadway run only went for 54 performances.[36]
Boyer was reunited with David Niven in The Rogues (1964–65), a television series also starring Gig Young. Niven, Boyer and Young revolved from week to week as the episode's leading man, sometimes appearing together, although most episodes wound up being helmed by Young since both Niven and Boyer had flourishing movie careers.
His career had lasted longer than that of other romantic actors, winning him the nickname "the last of the cinema's great lovers."[20] He recorded a laid-back album called Where Does Love Go in 1966. The album consisted of famous love songs sung (or rather spoken) with Boyer's distinctive deep voice and French accent. The record was reportedly Elvis Presley's favorite album for the last 11 years of his life, the one he most listened to.[38]
Boyer's son had died in 1965 and Boyer was finding it traumatic to continue living in Los Angeles so in March 1970 he decided to relocate to Europe.[6]
Boyer was the star of Hollywood Playhouse on NBC in the 1930s, but he left in 1939 "for war service in France," returning on the 3 January 1940, broadcast.[40] When he went on vacation in the summer of 1940, an item in a trade publication reported: "It is an open secret that he doesn't like the present policy of a different story and characters each week. Boyer would prefer a program in which he could develop a permanent characterization."[41] Boyer would later star in his own radio show entitled "Presenting Charles Boyer" during 1950 over NBC.
Personal life
Boyer became a naturalized citizen of the United States on June 15, 1942, in Los Angeles.[42]
In addition to French and English, Boyer spoke Italian, German, and Spanish.[4]
Boyer was the husband of British actress Pat Paterson, whom he met at a dinner party in 1934. The two became engaged after two weeks of courtship and were married three months later.[13] Later, they moved from Hollywood to Paradise Valley, Arizona.[43] The marriage lasted 44 years until her death.
Boyer's only child, Michael Charles Boyer (9 December 1943 – 23 September 1965),[44] died by suicide at age 21. He was playing Russian roulette after separating from his girlfriend.[45]
Suicide
On 26 August 1978, Boyer died by suicide with an overdose of Seconal while at a friend's home in Scottsdale, Arizona. He was taken to the hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, where he died,[43] two days after his wife's death from cancer, and two days before his own 79th birthday. He was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California, alongside his wife and son.
Awards
Boyer never won an Oscar, though he was nominated for Best Actor four times in Conquest (1937), Algiers (1938), Gaslight (1944) and Fanny (1961), the latter also winning him a nomination for the Laurel Awards for Top Male Dramatic Performance. He is particularly well known for Gaslight in which he played a thief/murderer who tries to convince his newlywed wife that she is going insane.
He was nominated for the Golden Globe as Best Actor for the 1952 film The Happy Time; and also nominated for the Emmy for Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Dramatic Series for his work in Four Star Playhouse (1952–1956).
^"From obscurity to instant fame Charles Boyer memorized a play in a few hours and became a star" Swindell, Larry. The Globe and Mail; Toronto 8 Mar 1983: E.3.
^ abcde"Q&A: Charles Boyer" Diehl, Digby. Los Angeles Times 24 Sep 1972: n18.
^ abc"Charles Boyer, Epitome of Suave Leading Man, Dies: Charles Boyer, Star for Decades, Dies" Incomplete Source Los Angeles Times 27 August 1978: a1.
^"Straight From the Studios: Miriam Hopkins Slated to Become a Goldwyn Star; Charles Boyer Is Recalled to Hollywood; News Notes From Celluloid Capital". By Philip K. Scheuer The Washington Post 30 August 1934: 10.
^Vidor, Charles (22 December 1944), Together Again (Comedy, Romance), Columbia Pictures, retrieved 3 December 2022
^Charles Boyer Refuses to Try To Fool Public: French Star Is Student of Acting, Who Believes in Unremitting Work Charles Boyer By Melrose GowerHollywood, 18 Feb.. The Washington Post (19 February 1939: T3.
^"Charles Boyer Joins New"] The Washington Post 31 Aug 1952: L4.
^"Charles Boyer Sheds the Tag of 'Lover Boy'" Boyle, Hal. Chicago Daily Tribune 11 December 1955: f5.
^"KIND SIR' ARRIVES AT ALVIN TONIGHT: Krasna Comedy to Star Mary Martin and Charles Boyer – Logan Is Sole Sponsor" By SAM ZOLOTOW. New York Times 4 November 1953: 28.
^British Film Institute (1995). Ginette Vincendeau (ed.). Encyclopedia of European Cinema (Cassell FilmStudies). London: Continuum International Publishing Group (formerly Cassell Academic).
^ ab"Celebrity Sightings – B". Bankruptcy & Debt Information from Doney & Associates. Retrieved 24 September 2008.
^"Entry for Michael C. Boyer". California Department of Health Services Office of Health Information and Research. Rootsweb. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^Donnelley, Paul. Fade To Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries, 2nd Edition. London: Omnibus Press, 2005, First edition 2003. ISBN978-1-84449-430-9.
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