Chhatrapati

Chatrapati of the Marathas
Chatrapati of the Marathas
Marāṭhyānche Chatrapatī
Federal
	Seal
	First to reign; Shivaji I; 6 June 1674 – 3 April 1680
Details
Style	His Majesty
First monarch	Shivaji I
Last monarch	Pratap Singh
Formation	1674
Abolition	1818
Residence	Raigad Fort (1674–1689); Satara (1689–1714); Shaniwar Wada, Poona (1714–1818);

Chhatrapati is a royal title from Sanskrit used to denote an emperor. The word "Chhatrapati" is a Sanskrit language compound word of chhatra (parasol or umbrella) and pati (master/lord/ruler).^[1] This title was used by the House of Bhonsle, between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the Maratha Confederacy.

The states of Satara and Kolhapur came into being in 1707, because of the succession dispute over the royalty. Shahuji, the heir apparent to the Maratha empire, captured by the Mughals at the age of nine, remained their prisoner at the death of his father Sambhaji, the elder son of Shivaji the founder of the Maratha Empire, in 1689. The dowager Maharani Tarabai (wife of Rajaram I) proclaimed her son Shivaji II, as Chhatrapati under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu under certain conditions in 1707, and he returned to claim his inheritance. He defeated the regent at the Battle of Khed and established himself at Satara, forcing her to retire with her son to Kolhapur. By 1710 two separate principalities had become an established fact. Shivaji II and Tarabai were soon deposed by the other wife of Rajaram, Rajasbai. She installed her own son, Sambhaji II, as the new ruler of Kolhapur. Sambhaji II signed the Treaty of Warana in 1731 with his cousin Shahuji to formalize the two separate seats of Bhonsle family.^[2]

Initial Chhatrapatis

This is the list of the initial Chhatrapatis.

Chhatrapati	Birth	Reign	Death
Shivaji I	19 February 1630^[3]	6 June 1674 – 5 April 1680	5 April 1680
Sambhaji	14 May 1657	16 January 1681 – 11 March 1689	11 March 1689
Rajaram I	24 February 1670	11 March 1689 – 3 March 1700	3 March 1700
Shivaji II	9 June 1696	1700–1707, 1710 – 2 August 1714 (Kolhapur State)	14 March 1726
Shahu I	18 May 1682	12 January 1708 – 15 December 1749	15 December 1749

Chhatrapatis of Satara

This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Satara.^[4]

Portrait	Chhatrapati	Birth	Reign	Death
	Shahu I	18 May 1682	12 January 1708 – 15 December 1749	15 December 1749
	Rajaram II	June 1726	15 December 1749 – 11 December 1777	11 December 1777
	Shahu II	1763	11 December 1777 – 3 May 1808	3 May 1808
	Pratapsingh	18 January 1793	1818 – 5 September 1839	14 October 1847
	Shahaji	1802	5 September 1839 – 5 April 1848	5 April 1848
	venkatji Bhonsle		1848–1864	1864
	Pratapsinha II / Rajaram II		1864–1874	1 March 1878
	Rajaram III		1874–1904	6 July 1907
	Anna Sahib		1904–1914	1919
	Bhav Sahib / Bhausaheb		1914–1925	7 July 1925
	Shahu III		1925–1950	23 February 1960
	Pratapsingh III		1950–1978	5 April 1983/1989
	Udayanraje	24 February 1966	1978–present
Source:^[5]

Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur

This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur.^[4]

Chhatrapati	Birth	Reign	Death
Shivaji II	9 June 1696	1700–1707, 1710–1714 (Kolhapur State)	14 March 1726
Sambhaji II	1698	1714–1760	18 December 1760
Shivaji III	1756	22 September 1762 – 24 April 1813	24 April 1813
Sambhaji III	1801	24 April 1813 – 2 July 1821	2 July 1821
Shivaji IV	1816	July 02 1821 – Jan 03 1822	January 03, 1822
Shahaji I	22 January 1802	3 January 1822 – 29 November 1838	29 November 1838
Shivaji V	26 December 1830	1838–1866	4 August 1866
Rajaram II	April 13, 1850	August 18, 1866 – November 30, 1870	November 30, 1870
Shivaji VI	April 05, 1863	1871–1883	December 25, 1883
Shahu IV (overall) Shahu I of Kolhapur	26 June 1874	2 April 1894 – 6 May 1922	6 May 1922
Rajaram III	31 July 1897	1922–1940	26 November 1940
Shivaji VII	22 November 1941	31 December 1941 – 28 September 1946	28 September 1946
Shahaji II	4 April 1910	1947–1971	9 May 1983
Shahu V (overall) Shahu II of Kolhapur	7 January 1948	1983–present

Notes

^ Fairey, Jack; Farrell, Brian P. (2018-06-28). Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4725-9123-4.
^ Sailendra, Sen (2013-01-01). Textbook of medieval Indian history. Primus Books. ISBN 9789380607344. OCLC 822894456.
^ Indu Ramchandani, ed. (2000). Student's Britannica: India (Set of 7 Vols.) 39. Popular Prakashan. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
^ ^a ^b Maheshwari, K. K. & K. W. Wiggins (1989). Maratha Mints and Coinage, Nashik: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, pp. 205–6.
^ "The Marathas: Post Shahu Chatrapatis of Satara".

References

^ V. S. Kadam, 1993. Maratha Confederacy: A Study in Its Origin and Development. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi.
D. B. Kasar, Rigveda to Rajgarh: Making of Shivaji the Great. Manudevi Prakashan, Mumbai.