Chlorurus

Chlorurus
Chlorurus strongylocephalus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Division: Teleostei
Order: Labriformes
Family: Labridae
Tribe: Scarini
Genus: Chlorurus
Swainson, 1839
Type species
Scarus gibbus
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]

Chlorurus is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans.[3][4]

Etymology

The word 'Chlorurus' comes from the Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail.

Evolution

C. enneacanthus with an initial phase Scarus scaber, in the Maldives

Chlorurus is most closely related to its sister genus Scarus. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian).[5] In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene.[6] In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene.[5]

A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 Chlorurus species recovered 5 major monophyletic clades.[5]

Species

There are 18 species:[4]

Species Terminal phase Initial phase
Chlorurus atrilunula

(Randall & Bruce, 1983)

Chlorurus bleekeri

(de Beaufort, 1940)

Chlorurus bowersi

(Snyder, 1909)

Chlorurus capistratoides

(Bleeker, 1847)

Chlorurus cyanescens

(Valenciennes, 1840)

Chlorurus enneacanthus

(Lacépède, 1802)

Chlorurus frontalis

(Valenciennes, 1840)

Chlorurus genazonatus

(Randall & Bruce, 1983)

Chlorurus gibbus

(Rüppell, 1829)

Chlorurus japanensis

(Bloch, 1789)

Chlorurus microrhinos

(Bleeker, 1854)

Chlorurus oedema

(Snyder, 1909)

Chlorurus perspicillatus

(Steindachner, 1879)

Chlorurus rhakoura

Randall & Anderson, 1997

Chlorurus sordidus

(Forsskål, 1775)

Chlorurus spilurus

(Valenciennes, 1840)

Chlorurus strongylocephalus

(Bleeker, 1855)

Chlorurus troschelii

(Bleeker, 1853)

References

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  1. ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Chlorurus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  2. ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Scaridae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  3. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorurus Swainson, 1839". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  4. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Chlorurus". FishBase. March 2018 version.
  5. ^ a b c Choat, John. H.; klanten, Oya. S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne; Robertson, D. Ross; Clements, Kendall D. (November 2012). "Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae): Evolutionary History of Parrotfishes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 107 (3): 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x.
  6. ^ Smith, Lydia L.; Fessler, Jennifer L.; Alfaro, Michael E.; Streelman, J. Todd; Westneat, Mark W. (October 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of regulatory gene sequences in the parrotfishes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 136–152. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49..136S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.008. PMC 3418665. PMID 18621133.


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