Claude Lanzmann (French:[lanzman]; 27 November 1925 – 5 July 2018) was a French filmmaker, best known for the Holocaust documentary film Shoah (1985), which consists of nine and a half hours of oral testimony from Holocaust survivors, without historical footage. He is also known for his 2017 documentary film Napalm, about a love affair he had with a North Korean nurse whilst visiting North Korea in 1958, several years after the Korean War.
In addition to filmmaking, Lanzmann had also been the chief editor of Les Temps Modernes, a French literary magazine.
Lanzmann's most renowned work, Shoah (1985), is a nine-and-a-half-hour oral history of the Holocaust. Shoah is made without the use of any historical footage, and uses only first-person testimony from perpetrators and victims, and contemporary footage of Holocaust-related sites. Interviewees include the Polish resistance fighter Jan Karski and the American Holocaust historian Raul Hilberg. When the film was released, the director also published the complete text, including in English translation, with introductions by Lanzmann and Simone de Beauvoir.
Lanzmann disagreed, sometimes angrily, with attempts to understand the why of Hitler, stating that the evil of Hitler cannot or should not be explained and that to do so is immoral and an obscenity.[8]
Lanzmann also oftentimes pushed his subjects to extreme emotional limits to bring out the most authentic reactions for his audience. The interview with barber Abraham Bomba is an epitome of a Claude Lanzmann interview.[9]
A compilation, Shoah: Unseen Interviews, was released in 2012, which included interviews filmed at the time of the original production but that never made it into the film.[10]
On 4 July 2018, his last work, Les Quatre Soeurs (Shoah: Four Sisters) was released, featuring testimonials from four Holocaust survivors not included in his Shoah. Lanzmann died the following day.[11][12]
Personal life
Lanzmann was part of a leftist delegation which visited North Korea in 1958. Toward the end of the visit, he fell in love with a local nurse and had an illicit love affair, which was discovered by the authorities. Never forgetting the romance, he made a 2017 documentary entitled Napalm, as the nurse bore scars from American bombings during the Korean War.
From 1952 to 1959, he lived with Simone de Beauvoir.[13] In 1963 he married French actress Judith Magre.[14] He later married Angelika Schrobsdorff, a German-Jewish writer.[14] He divorced a second time, and was the father of Angélique Lanzmann and Félix Lanzmann.[15][16] Claude Lanzmann died on 5 July 2018 at his Paris home, after having been ill for several days. He was 92.[11][12]
"Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection", Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (video excerpts and transcripts of all interviews for Shoah, including outtakes).
Galster, Ingrid (2011). "'Eine große Qualität meines Buches ist seine Ehrlichkeit.' Postscriptum zu der Debatte um die Autobiographie Claude Lanzmanns", in Das Argument, 290, 72–83.
Stefan Gandler: Claude Lanzmanns «Shoah» und meine Generation in Alemania. In: S:I.M.O.N. Shoah: Intervention. Methods. Documentation. Vienna Wiesenthal Institute of Holocaust Studies, Wien, Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2019, ISSN2408-9192, pp. 101–114, doi:10.23777/SN.0119/ESS_SGAN01 (PDF; 351 kB).
