A community fridge is a refrigerator (colloquially "fridge") located in a public space. Sometimes called freedges, they are a type of mutual aid project that enables food to be shared within a community. Some community fridges also have an associated area for non-perishable food. Unlike traditional food pantries, these grassroots projects encourage anyone to put food in and take food out without limit, helping to remove the stigma from its use.[1] The fridges take a decentralized approach, often being maintained by a network of volunteers, community members, local businesses, and larger organizations. Food in community fridges is primarily donated by individuals or food rescue organizations and can be sourced from a variety of places. Major grocers like Trader Joe's and Whole Foods donate large amounts of excess foods to food rescue organizations that then donate to these fridges.[2] The food donated would have otherwise been thrown out.
The main aim of community fridges is to reduce food insecurity, while also mitigating food waste. They enable people facing hardship to have easy access to fresh, nutritious food. Fridges offer a wide range of food from canned goods to fresh produce to pre-cooked meals. Pre-cooked meals are required to be labeled when donated. Many fridges also accept household items, sanitary goods, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, offered masks and other PPE.[3] Community fridges can also serve as social spaces that enable people to connect to their communities; Shelterforce magazine notes that "community fridges seem to have discovered a sweet spot in service delivery: close enough to feel the warmth of shared humanity, but far enough to avoid a sense of resentment or burden."[4] Many fridges also painted by from local artists.[5]
History
A community fridge in a church alcove in Botley (UK) with bread box on top and blue box of nonperishables on the chair
The first community fridges were set up in Germany,[6] by a group called Foodsharing. The next community fridge was started in Spain in 2015.[7] Community fridges draw inspiration from previous food initiatives.[8]
In the UK, early community fridges were set up at Frome,[9]South Derbyshire,[10]Brixton (London),[11] and Botley (Oxford).[12] A national network of community fridges was set up in July 2017 by the environmental charity Hubbub UK, which offers a free support service to new projects.[13]
Community fridges have recently made a wide emergence in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community fridges were developed in response to a significant increase in food insecurity.[19] In New York City, community fridges, nicknamed "Friendly Fridges", were introduced in February 2020, the first one placed by an activist group, In Our Hearts. In Our Hearts has now set up at least 14 of the 70 fridges around New York City.[1][20] In Philadelphia, Dr. Michelle Nelson launched a Mama-Tee Community Fridge in North Philly, now there are 18 of them.
Food Drive at Boston's Dorchester Community Fridge
Using New York City as a model, community fridges have popped up in cities across the U.S. including Los Angeles,[21] Philadelphia,[22] Chicago,[23] Atlanta,[24] and more. As of September 2021, Los Angeles County has 14 community fridges.[25] In Chicago, as of September 2021, there are 26 community fridges providing support to the community. [26] The Love Fridge is a mutual aid network placing community refrigerators across the city. [27] In Atlanta, Georgia, Latisha Springer, started Free99Fridge, a grassroots organization providing food to communities through their community fridge network. [28] The organization maintains five community fridges throughout the metro Atlanta area.
In the Greater Boston Area, the first community fridge was started in Jamaica Plain in September 2020.[29] Soon after, another fridge emerged in the neighborhood of Dorchester, Boston's largest neighborhood. As of September 2021, fridges in the neighborhoods of Allston, Fenway, Mattapan, and Roslindale have emerged, as well as in the cities of Somerville, Cambridge, Worcester. [30]
In Thailand, entrepreneur Supakit Kulchartvijit's Pantry of Sharing pantry cabinets, a variation on the community fridges, was launched in May 2020 in Bangkok and Rayong.[31] Thailand's SCG Foundation emulated Kulchartvijit's initiative, putting up a total 60 pantry cabinets in the country by May 25, 2020.[32]
The following year in the Philippines as the pandemic dragged on, a trend utilizing a similar concept emerged across the country. Small carts carrying essential items were parked along sidewalks for locals to obtain any of the items without charge. The first such cart to be reported was started by the Members Church of God International[33] on March 14, 2021.[34]
Also in the Philippines, a similar idea under the term "community pantry"[35] was started on Maginhawa Street in the Teacher's Village neighborhood of Quezon City on April 14, 2021.[35] This initiative gained a wider media coverage than the MCGI initiative, resulting in the mushrooming of hundreds of similar initiatives throughout the country.[36] In about a week after the Maginhawa pantry's launch, more than 100 pantries were set up in various locations;[37] a week thereafter more than 300 pantries had already been set up.[38]
Following the Maginhawa movement's example in the Philippines, various community pantries were set up in East Timor.[39][40]
Japan
Japan's first full-service public refrigerator was installed at the entrance of La Campana Kisoya Building by Kisoya Co., Ltd. on June 17, 2020 (Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture). Launched as Public Refrigerator Freego. Public refrigerators are available freely in the same way as in Europe. Installed as a countermeasure for food sharing and zero food waste. Made as one of the measures to prevent hunger. It works as a refrigerator for local use. In July 2021, it was installed at Komachi Plus Komachi Cafe, an authorized non-profit organization in Totsuka District.[41]
France
After Marseille, Nantes and Metz 2, the first solidarity refrigerator in Paris appeared in the 18th arrondissement, on the sidewalk in front of the restaurant La Cantine,[42] at 18 rue Ramey, at the initiative of the associations Cap ou pas cap, Le Carillon, and the owner of the restaurant Dumia Metboul, who discovered the concept in London.[43]
On December 15, 2017, Cap ou pas cap opened the solidarity refrigerator in front of the store Les Nouveaux Robinson in the 12th arrondissement. Every day it is filled with unsold merchants from this small distribution area, who also monitor its contents morning and evening, ensuring that food hygiene standards are met. Typical refrigerator temperature should be 40 degrees Fahrenheit.[44] Every month the store sends 300 kg of unsold goods there.[45]
As of April 16, 2019, the Montreux association bar-restaurant Rêv Café has installed a cooperative refrigerator at the initiative of the Montreux association l'Esprit Léger.[46]
Challenges
In Berlin, community fridges were designed by the Foodsharing.de community as a social innovation to improve accessibility for the people most in need, who experienced gatekeeping effects from the need to use the online matchmaking service or to have personal connections with volunteers.[47]
Challenges surrounding community fridges include maintaining cleanliness, ensuring food safety, and making sure that mutual aid model of community fridges is not abused (e.g. for for-profit resale). In the UK, setting up a community fridge requires: a rota of volunteers to clean the fridge and check the food; public liability insurance; the support of the local authority environmental health officer; and, evidently, a fridge and associated waste bins.[48] Several community fridges in Germany were threatened with closure due to health concerns.[49]
Community fridges are sometimes criticized for not providing a systemic solution to food insecurity.[50] Fridges are needed by those who are actively hungry or do not have the means to access nutritious food, but do not address underlying causes of food insecurity.[51]
Fridges are occasionally criticized for not addressing the needs of a community.[52] In the USA, during a phase of rapid expansion, community fridges were sometime set up without consultation with the local community by people external to that community, accidentally reproducing some patterns of control typical of centrally managed food aid systems.[53] To address such concerns, "The Love Fridge models partnership with community-based organisations run by Black and Brown individuals experienced in food security work for mutual benefit".[54]
Often, food provided to the fridge does not meet the cultural and nutrition needs of the community.[52] In addition, there is often controversy surrounding the legality of community fridges.[55] Policies addressing maintaining a community fridge vary widely from community to community. In some USA states, fridges must be placed on private property, which makes them dependent on the owners willingness to participate.[56] In Boston's Allston Neighborhood, the Allston community fridge was forced to move because new property owners were no longer willing to house them.[57] In Chicago, residents worried about their landlord's reaction to a fridge located in their building.[54] In New York, experiments were paired with initiatives to reuse abandoned publicly owned property and vacant lots.[47]
^"Montreuil". April 18, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
^ abMorrow, Oona (July 2, 2019). "Community Self-Organizing and the Urban Food Commons in Berlin and New York". Sustainability. 11 (13): 3641. doi:10.3390/su11133641. ISSN2071-1050. However, in scaling these practices, the organizers in these initiatives became concerned about whether or not their innovations were actually accessible to those community members most impacted by food insecurity or land vacancy. They thus devised offline and place based social innovations (a community fridge and the "This Land is Your Land" sign) along with social support systems (of paid and unpaid community organizers) to ensure that their innovations had the desired impact. The result is a community self-organizing infrastructure made up of both social and technical innovations. [...] Surplus food and vacant land have significantly different terms of access. Food that is distributed through foodsharing.de is not "owned" by anyone. Yet access to this food (except when it is distributed through the community fridges) is still mediated through interpersonal relationships of trust and reciprocity. Furthermore, access to the food-saving logistics side of the platform is restricted to those who can demonstrate that they understand the rules by passing a very tricky online food-saver quiz. However, access to surplus food is to a large degree controlled by any and all foodsharing.de members, who can practice varying degrees of inclusion or exclusion.
^Food, Change; Box 139, P. O.; New York, NY 10276. "Community Fridges". Change Food. Retrieved September 27, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Arons, Anna (April 4, 2022). "An Unintended Abolition: Family Regulation During the COVID-19 Crisis". Columbia Journal of Race and Law. 12 (1). doi:10.52214/cjrl.v12i1.9149. ISSN2155-2401. For instance, controversy erupted in the Crown Heights Mutual Aid group, when it unveiled a community fridge at an apartment building on the very day that building tenants were memorializing a neighbor who had recently been gunned down. Residents had not been consulted about the placement of the fridge. And they were not comforted by organizers' assurances that the building's landlord approved of the fridge because residents had been engaged in a years-long dispute with that same landlord over deplorable housing conditions. This tension reflected a common reality: mutual aid projects can easily "slip into some of the well- worn grooves" of the charity model if organizers do not deeply examine their principles.
Hari Teh InternasionalPemetikan daun teh di Sri Lanka, salah satu negara yang merayakan Hari Teh InternasionalNama resmiInternational Tea DayMulai2005Tanggal15 Desember Hari Teh Internasional dirayakan setiap tahun pada tanggal 15 Desember.[1] Perayaan ini telah berlangsung sejak tahun 2005 di negara-negara penghasil teh, seperti Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Uganda, India dan Tanzania.[1] Hari Teh Internasional ditujukan untuk menarik…
PemberitahuanTemplat ini mendeteksi bahwa artikel bahasa ini masih belum dinilai kualitasnya oleh ProyekWiki Bahasa dan ProyekWiki terkait dengan subjek. Perhatian: untuk penilai, halaman pembicaraan artikel ini telah diisi sehingga penilaian akan berkonflik dengan isi sebelumnya. Harap salin kode dibawah ini sebelum menilai. {{PW Bahasa|importance=|class=}} Terjadi [[false positive]]? Silakan laporkan kesalahan ini. 11.12, Jumat, 29 Maret, 2024 (UTC) • hapus singgahan Sebanyak …
BillboardSampul majalah Billboard (26 Januari 2013).KategoriMajalah musikFrekuensiper pekanSirkulasi16.327Pendiri William H. Donaldson James Hennegan Terbitan pertama1 November 1894; 129 tahun lalu (1894-11-01)PerusahaanPrometheus Global MediaNegaraAmerika SerikatBerpusat diNew York City, New YorkSitus webbillboard.comISSN0006-2510 Billboard (ditulis billboard) adalah majalah musik Amerika, bermarkas di New York City, New York dan dimiliki oleh Prometheus Global Media. Majalah Billboard per…
Cet article est une ébauche concernant un objet mineur du Système solaire. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Un objet poséidocroiseur est une planète mineure dont l'orbite croise celle de Neptune. Les objets poséidocroiseurs numérotés sont listés ci-dessous (liste établie en 2005). Au 15 mars 2020, 150 sont numérotés[1]. Liste d'objets poséidocroiseurs numérotés Frôleur-intérieur :…
Medical conditionHampton humpA Hampton hump in a person with a right low lobe pulmonary embolism shown in CT in the lower image (blue arrow).Differential diagnosispulmonary embolism Hampton's hump, also called Hampton hump, is a radiologic sign which consists of a shallow wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery of the lung with its base against the pleural surface. It is named after Aubrey Otis Hampton, who first described it in 1940.[1] Hampton's hump along with Westermark sign may aid in…
Roxanne McKeeMcKee di Collectormania pada 2012LahirRoxanne McKee10 Agustus 1980 (umur 43)KanadaPekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif2005–sekarangSuami/istriDaniel Hurley Roxanne McKee (lahir 10 Agustus 1980) adalah seorang aktris dan model asal Inggris. Ia dikenal karena memerankan Louise Summers dalam seri Inggris Hollyoaks (2005–2008), Lou Foster dalam seri drama Inggris Lip Service (2010), Doreah dalam seri drama fantasi Inggris-Amerika Game of Thrones (2011–2012) dan Lady Claire Riesen …
Administrative entry restrictions Visa requirements for Syrian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Syria. As of 2024, Syrian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 29 countries and territories, ranking the Syria passport 108rd in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] Visa requirements map Visa requirements for Syrian citizens holding ordinary passports Syria Visa not re…
Active volcano on the island of Hokkaido, Japan Mount Tokachi十勝岳Mount Tokachi May 2006Highest pointElevation2,077 m (6,814 ft)ListingList of mountains and hills of Japan by heightList of the 100 famous mountains in JapanList of volcanoes in JapanCoordinates43°25′N 142°41′E / 43.417°N 142.683°E / 43.417; 142.683GeographyMount TokachiHokkaidō, Japan Parent rangeTokachi Volcanic GroupTopo mapGeographical Survey Institute of Japan 25000:1 十勝…
Official position in the Chinese Communist Party Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee SecretaryTraditional Chinese黨委副書記Simplified Chinese党委副书记TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu Pinyindǎngwěi fùshūjì Politics of China Leadership Leadership generations Succession of power Hu–Wen Administration (2002–2012) Xi–Li Administration (2012–2017) Xi Administration (since 2017) 4th Leadership Core: Xi Jinping 20th Party Politburo: Xi Jinping 14th State Cou…
City in Ohio, United StatesWilmington, OhioCityWilmington Commercial Historic DistrictMotto(s): A Worthy Heritage, A Winning FutureLocation of Wilmington in Clinton CountyWilmingtonShow map of OhioWilmingtonShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 39°26′10″N 83°48′50″W / 39.43611°N 83.81389°W / 39.43611; -83.81389CountryUnited StatesStateOhioCountyClintonEstablished1810Government • MayorPat Haley (R)[citation needed]Area[1]…
Chinese politician In this Chinese name, the family name is Lou. Lou Yangsheng楼阳生Communist Party Secretary of HenanIncumbentAssumed office 1 June 2021DeputyWang Kai (Governor)Preceded byWang GuoshengCommunist Party Secretary of ShanxiIn office30 November 2019 – 1 June 2021DeputyLin Wu (Governor)Preceded byLuo HuiningSucceeded byLin WuGovernor of ShanxiIn office30 August 2016 – 5 December 2019SecretaryLuo Huining→HimselfPreceded byLi XiaopengSucceeded byLin Wu Pe…
Canadian politician The HonourableRalph CampneyPC QCCampney, c. 1940sMinister of National DefenceIn officeJuly 1, 1954 – June 20, 1957Prime MinisterLouis St. LaurentPreceded byDouglas AbbottSucceeded byGeorge PearkesSolicitor General of CanadaIn officeOctober 15, 1952 – January 11, 1954Preceded byStuart Sinclair GarsonSucceeded byWilliam Ross MacdonaldMember of Parliamentfor Vancouver CentreIn officeJune 27, 1949 – June 9, 1957Preceded byRodney YoungSucceeded…
Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Gili Trawangan – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Gili Trawangan dilihat dari Gili Meno. Pantai Gili Trawangan Gili Trawangan terletak di Desa Gili Indah, Kecamatan Pemenang, Kabupaten Lomb…
American college football season 1933 Pittsburgh Panthers footballConferenceIndependentRecord8–1Head coachJock Sutherland (10th season)Offensive schemeSingle-wingHome stadiumPitt StadiumSeasons← 19321934 → 1933 Eastern college football independents records vte Conf Overall Team W L T W L T No. 7 Princeton – 9 – 0 – 0 Duquesne – 10 – 1 – 0 No. 9 Army – &#…
Византийские монетные дворы — монетные дворы, учреждённые и действовавшие в Византийской империи. Кроме основных дворов в Константинополе и других крупных городах, существовало много мелких в провинциях. В большинстве своём такие малые дворы были основаны в VI веке, но…
Pour les autres articles nationaux ou selon les autres juridictions, voir Banque Nationale. Ethnikí Trápeza tis ElládosBanque nationale de Grèce Création 1841 Fondateurs Jean-Gabriel Eynard Personnages clés Efstratios-Georgios A. Arapoglou (CEO) Forme juridique Société par actions Action New York Stock Exchange (NBG) Siège social Athènes Grèce Direction Paul Mylonas (depuis 2018) Activité finance Filiales National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation (en)[1] Effectif nc Site web w…
South Korean actress (born 1986) In this Korean name, the family name is Kim. In the stage name or pen-name, the surname is Song. Song Ha-yoonSong in 2023BornKim Mi-sun (1986-12-02) December 2, 1986 (age 37)Seoul, South KoreaOther namesKim Byul (김별)OccupationActressYears active2003–presentAgentKing Kong by Starship[1]Korean nameHangul김미선Revised RomanizationGim Mi-seonMcCune–ReischauerKim MisŏnStage nameHangul송하윤Hanja宋昰昀Revised RomanizationSong Ha…
This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.It is of interest to the following WikiProjects:Stub sorting This template is maintained by WikiProject Stub sorting, an attempt to bring some sort of order to Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, you can choose to improve/expand the articles containing this stub notice, or visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a list of open tasks.Stub sortingWikipedia:WikiProject Stub sortingTemplat…
Physical property describing the energy required to change a material's temperature ThermodynamicsThe classical Carnot heat engine Branches Classical Statistical Chemical Quantum thermodynamics Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws Zeroth First Second Third Systems Closed system Open system Isolated system State Equation of state Ideal gas Real gas State of matter Phase (matter) Equilibrium Control volume Instruments Processes Isobaric Isochoric Isothermal Adiabatic Isentropic Isenthalpic …
.jpg)
